Question 2: What are the growth conditions of ice grapes? When the grapevine begins to flow juice, the grapevine begins to grow in spring! Then, the branches began to sprout, and in the next eight weeks, the vines began to grow leaves and bloom. I prune the vines twice a year. Flowers that have been pollinated and fertilized slowly grow into grapes, and the color changes accordingly. Grapes are usually harvested in autumn, and the colder the place, the later the harvest. Because the higher the temperature, the faster the grapes ripen, so the grapes in Shacheng are harvested a few days later than those in Yantai. During the growing period, the grape germ needs to be sprayed with chemical fertilizers and pesticides until the fruit is ripe in the harvest season, and the leaves around the fruit should be thinned to allow the grapes to absorb more heat, sunlight and air. Grapes are occasionally harvested in winter, and frozen when harvested, which can be made into a sweet wine with balanced taste. Ice wine originated in Austria, Germany, but the cost is very high, because the grapes harvested in winter will lose more than 90% of the harvest (bad weather and birds). With the increase of temperature, Germany and Austria have not produced ice wine for many years. At present, the largest producing area of ice wine is Canada, and the main grape variety is vidal.
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Question 3: What is the winter season of ice grapes? This is the harvest season of ice grapes. Ice wine brewed from ice grapes tastes excellent. The brewed wine is not only full-bodied, but also refreshing, fresh, sweet but not greasy and fruity.
First frost wine is commonly known as iced wine (also known as iced wine, iced wine): According to international standards, this wine is made by naturally freezing grapes on vines below -8℃. When grapes are frozen to a solid state, their sugar and taste are concentrated. At this time, a small amount of concentrated grape juice is squeezed out. This grape juice is slowly fermented and bottled after a few months. During the whole pressing process, the outside temperature must be kept below -8℃.
Question 4: What kinds of ice grapes are planted in Jilin? What kinds of ice grapes are planted in Jilin?
Question 5: When did ice grapes begin to grow in China? It is one of the oldest plants on the earth and one of the earliest fruit trees cultivated by human beings. Li Shizhen said in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Grapes, written in Chinese as peach trees, can be used to make wine? You get drunk when you drink it, so you have a name. The round one is called dragon ball, the old one is called mare's milk grape, the white one is called crystal grape, and the black one is called purple grape. It is said in the Han Dynasty that Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions, which is the only reason. However, there are grapes in Shennong Herbal Classic, but they were old in Longxi before the Han Dynasty, but they did not enter the customs. So we know that the grapes cultivated in China are very old and there are many varieties.
Question 6: What grape varieties are used for iced red wine? At present, the best varieties recognized at home and abroad for brewing red wine are Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah.
Cabernet Sauvignon is the king of noble red grape varieties and is called "the only wine that can enter heaven for God" in the west. It has small particles, thick skin and late maturity, resulting in deep wine color. When it is light and smooth, it has a strong tannin flavor, but it has high collection value.
Prince in Syrah classic red wine grape is a late-maturing variety, which grows well in warm soil such as granite soil, and the brewed wine is more collectible.
Nuo Nuo with black skin is the queen of rare red wine grapes, which is characterized by elegance, fullness and complex fruit aroma.
Merlot is the most popular red grape variety in Bordeaux. It is popular because it is precocious, tender and high-yielding, and can be used to brew delicious and refreshing wine in large quantities.
Question 7: Where is the ice grape planting base in Qingdao? What kind is it? Go with friends on weekends and look for summer clothes in Chengyang.
Question 8: China ice grape producing area China ice wine is mainly concentrated in the northeast, and there are some in the three northeastern provinces, which have never been heard of elsewhere.
Question 9: Can ice grapes be planted in the south? The terrain requires latitude and altitude: the altitude of grape planting is generally 400 ~ 60 1 m. The altitude of grapes in China varies greatly, about 200 ~ 1000m, the distribution height of grapes in Huailai, Hebei Province is11000 m, that in Xu Da, Shanxi Province is 1200m, and that in Shannan region is over1500 m. Latitude and altitude are important factors affecting temperature and heat in a large range. Aspect and gradient: Under the similar terrain conditions, the microclimate with different gradients has obvious differences. Usually the slopes facing south (including due south, northwest and southeast) receive more light and heat, and the temperature is higher on weekdays. The warming effect of sloping land is closely related to its slope. Generally, every tilt to the south 1 degree is equivalent to a forward 1 latitude. The most heated inclination angle is about 20 ~ 35 degrees (within the range of 40 ~ 50 degrees north latitude). Grape is more suitable for slope cultivation than other fruit trees because of its drought tolerance and thin soil, which can develop roots in a relatively small range. However, the greater the slope, the more serious the soil erosion. Therefore, priority should be given to the land with a slope below 20 ~ 25 degrees when planting grapes. Influence of water surface: In large water areas such as oceans, lakes, rivers and reservoirs, the temperature is lower than that of land in daytime and summer, but higher than that of inland at night and winter due to the large absorbed solar radiation energy. Therefore, the coastal climate near the water area is mild and the frost-free period is long. The vineyards near the big water surface reflect a lot of blue-violet light and ultraviolet light in the deep water, and the berries are colored and of good quality, so when choosing vineyards, try to be close to big lakes, rivers and oceans. Soil conditions Grapes can grow on floodplain, saline-alkali land, rocky slope and other soils, but different soil conditions have different effects on the growth and fruit of grapes. Grapes are very adaptable to soil. Except swamp and heavy saline-alkali land, all kinds of soil can be cultivated, and fertile sandy loam is the most suitable. Different soils have different effects on the growth, filling and quality of grapes. In unsuitable areas, soil improvement and planting can be carried out through agricultural engineering and cultivation techniques. For example, in the saline-alkali area of Panjin, Liaoning, the soil content is above 0.3%, so it is impossible to survive by directly planting grapes. However, after 2 ~ 3 years, the salt content in the soil can be reduced to below 0.2%, and grapes can be planted by digging ditches and terraces, irrigating and washing salt, replacing soil with green manure or local soil, and selecting salt-tolerant rootstock varieties. Climatic factors Climatic factors are one of the main indicators of grape variety zoning. The French believe that only grapes planted in specific soil can produce world famous wines with unique flavor. However, for the vast grape producing areas in the world, this situation of dividing grape regions by soil is not universal and absolute. The factors affecting grape quality and wine quality are comprehensive. Only in most cases, climate often plays a leading role in the growth of grapes and the quality of wine, and climate has become the most important and active factor among many factors. Meteorological conditions such as illumination, measurement and precipitation are all necessary conditions for grape growth and fruiting, especially in summer and autumn. Illumination solar energy is the only energy for grape photosynthesis. It is the driving force of energy and material circulation of grapes, and 90% ~ 95% of grape yield and quality comes from photosynthesis. In many cases, the real solar energy consumed by photosynthesis has not reached 1% of the total solar energy. In China, the solar energy utilization rate of general vineyards is only about 0.5%, and grapes are light-loving crops. Grapes are light-loving plants and need high light. The length of illumination time has a great influence on the growth, yield and quality of grapes. When the light is insufficient, the new shoots grow thin, the leaves are thin, the leaves are pale, the ears are small, flowers and fruits fall off in large numbers, the yield is low, the quality is poor, and the winter buds are poorly differentiated. Therefore, when building a garden, it is required to choose a place with good light, pay attention to improving the wind and light conditions on the shelf surface, correctly design the row direction and row spacing, and adopt reasonable shaping and pruning techniques. Temperature is the most important meteorological factor affecting the growth and fruiting of grapes. Grape is a warm temperate plant, which needs quite a lot of heat. During the grape growing period (from budding to fruiting), the monthly average temperature is above 1 0 degrees, which varies with different varieties. Temperature also has an important influence on the growth and fruiting process of grapes. High temperature will do harm to grapes, but the degree is far less than that of low temperature. The harm of low temperature to grapes is a common problem in grape cultivation in the world, and low temperature limits the cultivation area of grapes. Grapes are generally planted in the northern hemisphere between 20 degrees and 5 1 degree north latitude. The northern limit of European grape variety cultivation is the Rhine Valley in Germany, and the southern limit of cultivation extends to India. In the southern hemisphere, grapes are mainly grown in the south. > & gt
Question 10: How to cultivate ice grapes? Where can I buy ice grape seedlings? What specifications? 5 minutes ice grape seedlings "Huanren Rui Lin Nursery" are available for sale. Roots of Peking University are grafted with green branches, and the survival rate is high.
Vidal Ice Grape is a high-grade wine-making variety introduced from Canada in Huanren County 1999, which was cultivated and developed in Beidianzi Township. Now it has become a key development industry in Huanren County and a pillar industry in Beidianzi Township. By 2009, Beidianzi Township, including Zhangyubing Winery and Wunvshan Milan Wine Enterprise, and nearly 10,000 mu of Vidal Ice Grape Base, is known as the hometown of ice wine in China.
To ensure that it meets the requirements of green food. That is, pollution-free safe, high-quality and nutritious food. Specially formulate the ecological planting standard of ice grape.
1 and range
This standard stipulates the site conditions, seedlings, garden construction, field management, pest control, product collection, grading and packaging of ice grape cultivation.
This standard is applicable to ice grape producing areas whose agricultural ecological environment meets the requirements of grade A green food.
2. Requirements
2. 1 conditions of origin
The production base of ice grapes should be selected in areas with no pollution and good ecological conditions. Should stay away from industrial and mining areas and highway trunk lines, and avoid industrial and urban pollution sources. The air, water quality and soil conditions all meet the eco-environmental quality standards of green food producing areas.
2.2 seedlings
The number of lateral roots of seedlings is more than 6, the length of lateral roots is more than 500px, and the thickness of lateral roots is more than 0.5px The lateral roots are evenly distributed and there are many fibrous roots.
The base of the vine is 17.5px thick, and 4-5 buds are full and strong.
The height of the rootstock is above 625px, and the interface is completely healed without mechanical damage.
The seedlings arrived at quarantine objects such as root nodule aphid and American white goose, and there was no clubroot.
2.3 Garden construction
2.3. 1 planting: level off seven fields before planting, dig planting ditches, generally 60-80 cm deep, apply base fertilizer, water and sink, and cover with plastic film after planting. The survival rate is above 90%. Replenish seedlings in time to ensure that the orchard is clean and tidy.
2.3.2 Planting density: In order to achieve early high yield, the plant spacing is 50- 100 cm * 3m.
2.4 Fertilization: The production of 1 kg grape fruit requires 390g of nitrogen, 23 1 g of phosphorus, 536g of potassium and 436g of calcium.
2.4. 1 Fertilization of ice grape should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer. Apply base fertilizer after the fruit matures in early autumn, and topdressing at the fruit expansion stage after flowering. Trench application or downstream application is required. For every 1 kg fruit produced, more than 2 kg of pollution-free high-quality farmyard manure should be applied. Farmhouse manure 4000-5000 kg should be applied to seedlings.
2.4.2 Intercropping: The newly planted young trees are mainly intercropped, and the intercropping should be mainly based on flying crops such as green manure and beans.
2.5 Irrigation: Except germinated water and frozen water, in the growing season, when the water content of the orchard is lower than 60% of the maximum field capacity, irrigation should be done in time. Water-saving irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation should be adopted, and drainage should be paid attention to in rainy season. Orchards with insufficient water resources should pay attention to picking and leave water holes.
2.6 Christmas Tree and Frame
Scaffolding type trees should be single-dragon trunk or double-dragon trunk trees.
2.6. 1 Trunk pruning
When pruning with short branches, L-2 short branches with mother branches should be planted on the back or both sides of the trunk of the dragon tree at intervals of 20-30 cm. The number of dried longan must be appropriate, depending on their cultivation density, and they should be cultivated as single dried longan or double dried longan.
Scaffolding
Generally, the height of scaffolding is about 2m, and the distance between the vertical columns is 5m. At the top of the column perpendicular to the row direction, pull the bearing steel bar or bearing crossbar, and pull an iron wire every 50cm in the forward direction on the frame surface.
2.7 pruning method
Pruning methods are divided into short branch pruning (below 3 buds), middle branch pruning (4-7 buds) and long branch pruning (above 7 buds).
Prune a tree in the shape of a trunk. Within one meter of the main vine, select 3 fruiting mother branches, l leave 2 short branches or 1 short fruiting mother branches, and ***6 fruiting mother branches.
2.8 New shooting management
2.8.l Bud wiping: Before the new buds grow to 5- 10 cm, wipe all the buds within 50 cm from the ground. If a bud eye on the shelf emits more than two new buds, choose a new bud with inflorescence and good orientation, and erase the rest; Wipe off the dense buds so that there is a strong bud about 30 cm on the branches and vines. In addition, the buds with strong tree potential should be smeared later and the number of buds should be more, so that the new shoots left by centralized nutrition supply can accelerate their growth; Short branches should be cut less buds, long branches should be cut more buds.
2.8.2 Fixed branch: When the new shoot grows to 15-20 cm, you can see whether the inflorescence on the new shoot is good or not. The standard for leaving branches is 10- 12 branches per square meter, with a maximum of 15 branches ... >>