Peony in China has extensive ecological adaptability and is easy to cultivate and manage. However, in order to make its plants flourish and flowers colorful, we must also emphasize the following points. \ x0d \ x0d \ 1. Selection of varieties, seedlings and land (He Miao Yongdi) \ x0d \ China Peony belongs to temperate plants, which like cold and heat, dry and wet, slightly tolerant to semi-shade, and has developed fleshy roots. Therefore, choosing suitable land is very important for future planting and management. Therefore, the land with high and dry terrain, spacious ventilation, shady side and deep, loose, fertile and well-drained soil is the best land for cultivating peony in China, while raw soil, clay, saline-alkali land and waterlogged land are the most taboo. In addition, the important stubble land where peony has been planted should be rotated 1-2 years before planting. \ x0d \ x0d \ 2。 Planting in time (stone room) \ x0d \ Autumn is the best time to plant peony. As the saying goes, "Peony is planted in spring, but it cannot be opened when it is old". \x0d\ The specific planting period is from mid-September to late 10. It is better to plant early in this period. Early planting of Shang Gao ground temperature can promote the early development of ramets and new roots, which is beneficial to survival, overwintering and next year's growth. \x0d\ Planting method, usually carried out simultaneously with ramet propagation. No matter hole planting, ditch planting or pot planting, the planting space should be wide and deep. After the bottom is mixed with decomposed base fertilizer, the roots are evenly distributed and naturally stretched, and cannot be curled together. The planting depth should make the root neck flush or slightly lower than the soil surface, not too deep or too shallow. When sealing the soil, fill it layer by layer, and then water the soil for the winter. \ x0d \ x0d \ 13。 Water and fertilize in time (water and fertilizer for Liang Shi pit stone of Shishi). \ x0d \ Watering should be based on the principle of keeping the soil moist, not too wet and not accumulating water. Generally, the seedlings that have just been planted should be watered by water, before winter, and others can be watered according to the situation and flowers. \x0d\ China peony likes fat. Timely and appropriate fertilization can not only promote flowering, large flowers and colorful flowers, but also prevent or weaken the phenomenon of flowering "big and small years", flower degradation and double petals reduction in some varieties. \ x0d \ x0d \, reasonable shaping and pruning (He Jian) \ x0d \ It is necessary to remove redundant buds, dead branches, branches of diseases and pests in time, keep the dynamic balance between the aboveground part and the underground part, keep the number of plant branches balanced, make the plant look beautiful, make it ventilated and transparent, and concentrate nutrients, so as to grow vigorously and bloom luxuriantly. The main measures include the following points: \x0d\ (1) Select the remaining branches \x0d\ After the peony is planted for the first year, many new buds (commonly known as soil buds) can sprout outside the root neck; In the following spring, when the new buds grow to about 10cm, we can choose a few robust, strong and evenly distributed branches to keep as the main branches (commonly known as fixed branches) and remove all the others. After that, 1-2 new buds are selected intermittently every year or every other year as branches for culture, so that the plant cluster will expand and plump year by year. \x0d\ 2 Make use of new buds as appropriate \x0d\ In order to make peony flowers big and gorgeous, we often combine pruning, thinning buds and smearing buds to keep 1 buds on each branch, remove the remaining buds and all adventitious buds on the old branches, so as to concentrate nutrition and make the flowers huge. The buds left on each branch should be full and strong. Some varieties have strong growth potential, strong branching ability and high flowering rate. There are often 1-2 or even 3 buds on each branch, which can germinate into branches and bloom normally. For these varieties, more buds can be left on each branch to increase the amount of flowers and extend the flowering period appropriately. However, some varieties with weak growth, weak branching ability and low flower formation rate should adhere to the pruning measures of 1 branch and 1 bud. \x0d\ x0d \ ⒌, the main diseases and insect pests and their control methods are as follows: \x0d\ (1) Peony gray mold \ x0d \ gray mold is one of the important diseases of peony in the world, and it also happens from time to time in China, especially in Shanghai and Zhengzhou. The disease can occur in the growing season of peony, which is very harmful to seedlings and causes them to lodging and wither. \x0d\ Prevention and control: ① Reduce the source of infection: remove the dead leaves of diseased plants in autumn, remove the diseased buds and leaves in spring, and bury the diseased bodies deeply. ② chemical control in growing season: once the disease occurs in growing season, the following chemicals can be used for spray control: 1% bordeaux solution such as lime, 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution, 65% zineb 500 times solution, or 50% clonidine 1000 times solution. Spray every 10 day-15 day/kloc-0 time, and spray for 2 -3 times continuously. ③ Strengthening cultivation management: the planting density should be moderate; Drainage in time after rain, do not wet the soil at the base of the plant cluster; Crop rotation should be implemented in seriously ill areas; When planting disease-free seedlings, seeds can be soaked in 65% zineb 300 times solution 10- 15 minutes. \x0d\ 2 Peony brown spot disease \x0d\ brown spot disease, also known as red spot disease, is a worldwide common disease of peony. It often leads to premature withering of leaves and affects the growth potential of peony. \x0d\ Prevention and control: ① Reduce the source of infection: thoroughly remove the sick and disabled people on the ground in autumn; Spraying 600 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 3 degrees of lime-sulfur mixture before the plants germinate in early spring to kill the germs on the plants. ② Chemical control in growing season: spray 50% carbendazim 1000 times or 65% zineb 500-600 times, spray/kloc-0 times, spray for 7 days-1 0 days, and spray continuously for 3-4 times. ③ Strengthening cultivation management: moderate planting density and application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer. \x0d\ (3) Anthracnose of Peony \x0d\ Anthracnose is a common disease of peony in China, which is more common in Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuxi, Zhengzhou and xi 'an. The United States, Japan and other countries have also reported. Anthracnose often makes peony leaves covered with withered spots, diseased stems twisted and twigs withered. \x0d\ Control: ① Reduce the source of infection, just like peony brown spot disease. ② Chemical control during the growing season: at the early stage of the disease (May-June), 70% anthrax thiram 500 times solution, 1% lime and other Bordeaux solutions, or 65% zineb 500 times solution were sprayed. 10 day-15 day 1 time, * * * spray 2 -3 times. \x0d\ (4) Peony ring spot disease \x0d\ ring spot disease, also known as white star disease, is also a common leaf spot disease of peony, which is more serious in Changsha, Zhengzhou, Guiyang and Beijing. \x0d\ Prevention: ① Reduce the source of infection: remove the fallen leaves of diseased plants in time, and spray 3-degree sulfur mixture before the plants germinate to kill the germs on peony plants. ② Chemical control during growth period: spraying Bordeaux solution with the same amount of 1% lime, or 50% Decatur 800 times solution, or 65% zineb 500 times solution. Spray continuously for 2-3 times after onset (10 days-15 days, 1 time). ③ Strengthening cultivation management: suitable planting density and good ventilation and light transmission. \x0d\ (5) Peony leaf blight \x0d\ is a common disease in China, which is serious in Chengdu, Beijing and other places, causing peony to shed its leaves early. The former Soviet Union, Japan and other countries have also reported. \x0d\ [6] Peony branch blight \x0d\ Peony branch blight infects stems, branches and other parts of peony. The disease on the stem is light brown spot, which gradually expands into reddish brown oval spot. The diseased spot can go around the stem for a week, so that the branches above the diseased spot can die quickly. In autumn, black spots appear on the diseased spots, which are conidia of pathogenic bacteria. Infected buds turn brown, and dead buds stay on plants for a long time. This disease is caused by fungi. \x0d\ Pathogenic conditions: Pathogens mainly invade from wounds. Many wounds and weak plant growth are conducive to the occurrence of diseases. \x0d\\x0d\ Control: ① Strengthen cultivation management, enhance growth potential, reduce wounds and improve disease resistance. ② Chemical control: See Peony Brown Spot. \x0d\⑺ peony root-knot nematode disease \ x0d \ x0d \ peony root-knot nematode disease has been reported at home and abroad. In recent 10 years, root-knot nematode disease has become the most important disease of peony root system in China, causing early defoliation. When the disease is serious, all the leaves of peony fall off in August. It occurs every year, and the plants grow short, with small leaves and small flowers or no flowers. The disease has occurred to varying degrees in Henan, Shandong, Beijing, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities in China. \x0d\ Prevention: ① Strengthen quarantine to prevent the epidemic area from expanding. The diseased seedlings found in the introduction work must be treated: soaked in 0. 1% fenpropathrin for 30 minutes, or soaked in warm water at 48℃-49℃ for 30 minutes. ② Chemical control in the field: apply 15% aldicarb granules, each plant is 5 g- 10g, and the spot depth is about 10cm. The drug was used in Beijing at the beginning of May, 1 year, 1 time. ③ Treatment of diseases: disinfection with heat or pesticides. Commonly used pesticides include bromoalkane, aldicarb and phoxim. Soil can also be disinfected by drying and high temperature. For example, after the basin soil was dried for 30 days (the water content reached 0. 17%), the wireless worm survived.