The battle of Yan before Jin attack was also called the battle of Fangtou. In 369 AD, Huan Wen and Fu led 50,000 troops from Guzhu (now dangtu county, Anhui Province) to carry out the third and last northern expedition in his life. At first, it was like a bamboo. When it reached the square head only a few tens of miles away from the capital Yan Qian, it met with the desperate resistance of the Yan Qian army. Later, because the grain route was cut off, I had to return. On the way home from the south, he was ambushed and defeated by Qian Yan and Murong De, and was robbed of his way home by Gou Chihe, a former Qin general who came to support him. There were only more than 10,000 people left in retrospect.
Although the location of this battle was not in the square head, it was named because history books used to call it the battle of the square head.
process
It is like a bamboo, and it is almost equal to Yecheng.
In July 369, Huan Wen won the first battle, conquered the land and lake (now southeast of Yutai County, Shandong Province) and captured Murong Zhong, the former general of Yan Shoujiang Ningdong. Murong Yong, the monarch of the State of Yan, appointed Mu Rongchui, the king of Pi, as the commander-in-chief, and quickly dispatched 20,000 soldiers and horses to fight Huan Wen in Xu Huang (now southeast of lankao county, Henan). The whole army was wiped out and Murong Li fled back alone. Immediately, Xu Fan, the former magistrate of Yan Gaoping, surrendered to 8 Jin J. Jin forward Deng Xia and Zhu Xu defeated Yan Army in Zhu Lin (now northeast of Xinzheng County, Henan Province). Murong Yong quickly appointed his younger brother, Le 'an Wang Murong Zhang, to succeed Murong Li, and led the army to intercept, but 8 Jin Army was on the verge of collapse, and Murong Zhang was unable to parry and was losing ground. I had to send a rider from Qianqin for help.
In July, Huan Wen stationed troops in Wuyang, and Yanzhou Secretariat rose up to respond to Huan Wen. Huan Wen pushed his way to Fangtou (now Qimendu, southeast of Xun County, Henan Province), which is only a few hundred miles away from Yecheng. Murongyong, Emperor Yangdi, and Murong, a teacher of Yecheng, were frightened and planned to flee to their hometown of Liuzhou and give up the Central Plains (proving that Chi Chao didn't look down on them). In this case, Mu Rongchui, who was hiding in his own house and just wanted to preserve our sanity, had to come forward. Yan Qian Empire is, after all, the crystallization of the efforts of several generations of Ying Jie of Murong family, including the efforts of fathers and brothers and their own efforts. How can you bear to see it lost by relatives of these prodigal families? Mu Rongchui, a senior adviser to the Empire, said, "Please let me fight. If I lose, it's not too late for you to escape! " Originally MuRongYong and MuRongPing are very reluctant to let Mu Rongchui go out, but after all, now the fire has reached the bottom, so we have to promise to let Mu Rongchui succeed Mr. Murong Zang Rennan to win the viceroy and command fifty thousand people to resist Huan Wen everywhere. Then, an urgent letter recommended that Stuart Zuo Changshi, Huang Men Assistant Minister Feng Fu and Shang learned that they had joined the military. Because of the crisis, Murong Yong and Murong's comments must be accurate, but they are really angry that Mu Rongchui took advantage of the people's crisis to appoint a private political party (as they saw). Murong Yong didn't seem to have enough confidence in Wu Shu, so he twice sent Le Song, the deputy riding officer, to the former Qin for help, and very hastily proposed that as long as the former Qin sent troops to help. Since Fu Jian, the king of Qin, had so many benefits, he ordered Gou Chi, a general, to lead twenty thousand troops to Yingchuan (then Qianyan, now Yuxian, Henan) to see if it was successful.
Fangtou was an important ferry on the Yellow River at that time. Although the distance from here to Yecheng in the north is not long, there is no waterway to pass through. After Huan Wen arrived here, he paused. He may have pushed it too fast, causing the supply to be interrupted. He also hopes that more people can respond within Yan Qian like Sun Yuan. Between these pauses, Mu Rongchui has reached the top. The two men fought side by side and confronted each other by the Yellow River. The two men confronted each other, first engaged in some small-scale conflicts, and then became the guide of the Jin army for Duan Si (the eldest brother, who fled the Eastern Jin Dynasty after being killed). They fought with the newly promoted one and learned that they were captured alive. Huan Wen sent Li Shu, the commander-in-chief in the last years of power, to attack from the flank of the Yan army. When he got the news, Luo Teng struck and cut, and the offensive of 8 Jin J was stopped.
With the decrease of rainfall in autumn, the water routes of Wenshui, Qingshui and Yellow River will not be as smooth as expected, but Huan Wen also has a backup plan. He had already ordered Yuanzhen, the secretariat of Yuzhou, to attack Qiaoxian (now Bo County, Anhui Province) and Liangguo (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), cut through Shimen (now Xingyang County, Henan Province) and connect Suishui with the Yellow River to transport grain. Yuan Zhen successfully conquered Qiao County and Liang State, but the stone gate was not chiseled for a while. Mu Rongchui played a few small victories carefully, reversed the trend of repeated battles and repeated defeats, and immediately handed over most of his fifteen thousand cavalry to his younger brother Murong De. Out of Huan Wen, according to the Shimen block 8 jin j excavation, stay in the square head to contain Huan Wen headquarters. Huan Wen probably didn't get the message, or after several small failures, he felt uncertain about the decisive battle with Mu Rongchui. He didn't take advantage of the Yan army's short radius to attack Mu Rongchui's stronghold, still waiting for the arrival of Yuan Zhen's department and materials.
In September, the Battle of Shimen. Murong De defeated 8 Jin Jun in Yuan Dynasty, and Huan Wen's backup plan was a complete failure. As a result, Fang Tou's troops are in a bad situation in Huan Wen. If you drag it here, the food will only be eaten less and less; Forward, he didn't beat Mu Rongchui. The rest can only be left when the canteen is not too nervous. On September 19, Huan Wen ordered the ships to be burned (because the water level of the river had dropped before, and these ships could not go back) and the trench that could not be taken away, and the whole army retreated southward by land.
Return to China with broken grain, return to China with a crushing defeat.
The former Yan people got the news and rushed to catch up, but they were stopped by Mu Rongchui. He said to the generals: "If you retreat from fear at the beginning, you must establish strict vigilance. If you simply refuse after the elite, you may not succeed. Better slow down. He is glad that I haven't arrived yet, and I will run around the clock; First-class soldiers are exhausted, and then they can't do anything. " Mu Rongchui didn't intend to let Huan Wen go back so safely, but he knew very well that Huan Wen was proficient in the art of war and had a high degree of vigilance. He will surely patrol with a good soldier and retreat slowly. 8 jin j didn't fight a big battle, foot soldiers are not tired, food can feed him. In this chase, the result is unpredictable. In a word, Huan Wen's army is not prepared to attack. When he walks out of a considerable distance, especially when he can get home at sight, his guard will be relaxed and he will run back quickly. The so-called anxious to return, who has no fighting spirit, just wants to go home and is very tired, then it will be easy to fight.
"Sun Tzu's Art of War: A Preliminary Plan" says: Soldiers are precious. Therefore, you can show what you can't do, use it without showing it, show it far and near, and show it near and far. Lure it, take it at random, prepare it, avoid it, scratch it angrily, be humble, do it, let it go, attack it unprepared and surprise it. The victory of this military commander should not be announced first. Simply translate, that is to say, if you have the ability, pretend you don't have the ability, if you want to fight, pretend not to fight, and if you fight here, pretend to fight there. If the other party is greedy, you seduce him; if it is strong, you guard against him; if it is irritable, you provoke him; if it is cautious, it will make him proud; if it is strong, it will make him tired; if it is United within the other party, it will try to alienate him; if it is unprepared, it will attack at unexpected times. These principles were generously given to Huan Wen by Mu Rongchui. Isn't Huan Wen's army tired? Then try to make them tired. Yanjun let out the wind, saying that the rivers and wells on Huan Wen's retreat had been poisoned by Murong Dejun. Can the technical level at that time really make such a large dose of lasting poison? I deeply doubt it, but Huan Wen, who was cautious by nature, took the attitude of "believing what it is, not believing what it is not" and ordered the soldiers to "dig wells and drink water" along the way. In this way, Huan Wen's army retreated, while acting as a voluntary drilling team, silently contributing to the infrastructure construction in Yan Qian, and thus retreated seven hundred miles to the south. On the other hand, Mu Rongchui left the infantry and followed slowly with only eight thousand cavalry, keeping a considerable distance from Huan Wen. He did this in order to maintain the physical strength of his army and let himself get the effect of calmly fighting in the war. At the same time, 8 jin j paralysis, gave them a sense of security that YanJun dare not pursue. In ancient times, under normal circumstances, infantry could March 50-60 miles a day. Of course, this does not mean that they can't go further, just that the army should keep a certain formation when marching. If it goes fast, it has to wait for it to go slow and can't rush forward. Generally, it must have a sentry to prove that the road ahead is safe before it can act. In this way, the distance of 700 miles is enough for them to walk for more than ten days, while Huan Wen's army may walk a little slower because it has to make a guest appearance in the construction team. During this time, perhaps Huan Wen can always be nervous and dare not relax, but the combat readiness of the Jin army cannot be maintained all the time. Think about it. Although Master Huan keeps saying that "the wolf is coming" every day, he should take strict precautions, but after so many days, this "wolf" just didn't come. Every soldier intuitively felt that he was getting farther and farther away from the Yan army and getting closer and closer to home. In other words, it's getting safer. These days, they are either marching, digging wells or marching, and they are getting more and more tired. In this case, can they be impeccable with only one order from the boss? In a word, the time was ripe to take it by surprise, and Mu Rongchui chose Xiangyi (now Sui County, Henan Province) as the surprise attack site.
Although history used to call this war "the battle of the square head", what actually happened at the square head was confrontation, and the real place of the war was Xiangyi. Murong De left Shimen when he withdrew south from Huan Wen in advance, and made use of the mobility of cavalry to arrive at Xiangyi early and wait in ambush. Originally, an ordinary ambush was not easy to work for Huan Wen (Yao Xiang once ambushed Huan Wen, but was defeated), but at this time, the pursuer under the command of Mu Rongchui caught up with the Jin army and suddenly attacked, driving the Jin army into the ambush circle of Murong De. The tacit cooperation between Germany and Germany should have been designed by Mu Rongchui a long time ago.
In this battle, there were 8,000 people in Mu Rongchui and 4,000 people were ambushed by Murong De. It is not clear in the history books whether 1 1000 cavalry participated in the war. In the war, the strength of the Yan army was between 12000 and 23000. Huan Wen led fifty thousand people to the Northern Expedition. Although there was a little setback, the loss was not great. At this time, the strength is more than 45 thousand people, and the Jin army has at least two to one advantage over the Yan army. But this is not a normal battle at all, but a carefully planned attack by the Yan army on the tired and lax 8 Jin Army. Under the attack of the two brothers, the Jin army was defeated and more than 30 thousand people were killed. Gou Jian, an ex-Qin reinforcement, and his chance to play Reservoir Dogs came. They went into battle in a hurry and gave a good kick behind the defeated Jin army's ass. Huan Wen was defeated again, losing nearly ten thousand troops. It's not hard to imagine that if Huan Wen wins, they may not even touch a hair of 8 jin j..