First, the planting method of wild cherry seeds
Planting technique
1, China cherry is weak in cold resistance and likes warm and humid climate, so it is suitable for cultivation in the place where the annual average temperature is 15 ~ 16℃. Sweet cherries like cold and dry. The natural dormancy period of cherry is about 80 ~ 100 days. The chilling requirement of sweet cherry for complete dormancy below 7.2℃ is 1 100 ~ 1300 hours. Sour cherry needs 1200 ~ 2500 hours. China cherry has a short dormancy period, and it is easy to sprout new buds when the temperature warms up in late winter and early spring. In case of "late spring cold" (frost or snow), the organs of flowers are frozen, which even seriously affects the yield and even fails to harvest seeds. Therefore, in the development, we must pay attention to whether the time when the local low-temperature cold wave strikes every spring coincides with the flowering period, and we should not plant cherries in places where adverse weather (frost, snowfall, strong wind) occurs in successive years of flowering. Even in places where disastrous weather rarely occurs, it is necessary to choose suitable small terrain for planting when building gardens. Compared with real cherry, Prunus tomentosa is extremely cold-resistant and suitable for planting in Northeast China.
The annual rainfall suitable for cherry growth is generally 700 ~ 1000 mm, and how to solve the problem of "spring drought" should be fully considered in building gardens in some areas in the south. Because in the early stage of fruit growth, drought will cause serious fruit drop and affect fruit growth and development. Cherry is a light-loving tree species, while China cherry is more shade-tolerant, but it has good light and early fruit ripening. Cherry is suitable for cultivation in deep, fertile and loose sandy soil. The pH value of soil is generally 6.0 ~ 7.5. The vertical distribution of cherry roots in China is generally concentrated in the soil layer about 20 cm deep, which requires loose soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Heavy clay is not suitable for planting cherries. As cherries are not easy to transport, the garden should be built in a place with convenient transportation.
2. Planting density should change according to varieties, rootstocks and soil conditions. On the fertile flat land, plant China cherry in a Y shape, and press1; 3m, planting 220 plants per mu, if natural clump or natural happy plastic is used, it can be 2 ~ 3 m; 3 ~ 4 meters. The density can be appropriately increased in the young age, and thinning measures should be taken after the garden is completed.
3. Planting time is generally divided into two periods: autumn and spring. It should be planted in cold, dry and windy areas of Yichun in winter and before seedling germination in spring. It can be planted in warm places in winter and autumn. Before planting, the soil should be deeply turned and cooked, and planting holes should be dug. Apply 25-50kg organic fertilizer to each hole. After mixing fertilizer with soil, plant seedlings and water the roots immediately.
4. Fertilization management Generally, big cherries are fertilized three times a year in the fruiting period. The first time is to apply base fertilizer in autumn, and the second time is topdressing before flowering. Compound fertilizer should be applied immediately after cherry harvest. Irrigation and mulching in spring and intertillage weeding in other seasons are better for soil management of cherry. Because mulching reduces the influence of spring drought on plants, it has a good effect on fruit growth. After harvesting cherries, remove or turn over the mulch. According to estimates, the average adult garden should cover 2000 ~ 2500 kilograms of wheat straw per mu. Cherry trees should be fertilized 3-4 times a year. Cherry root system is particularly sensitive, so organic fertilizer and Gymboree microbial fertilizer should be fed throughout the process. Improper use of fertilizer can easily cause root burning.
① Fertilization can be applied immediately after fruit picking, mainly to restore tree vigor, promote flower bud differentiation and increase the next annual output. Immediately after picking the fruit, apply decomposed manure, livestock manure or biogas slurry once. According to the results, 30 ~ 60 kg of decomposed livestock manure and 500 kg of biogas slurry were applied to each plant. Before germination and flowering, biogas slurry or decomposed livestock manure can be applied to the top of the fruit, and the dosage per mu is about 1000 kg. In addition, in addition to fertilization, it is best to add Gymboree microbial sweetener, which can make cherries live in an environment with a large number of activated beneficial functional microorganisms, thus expanding the absorption area of roots, enhancing photosynthesis of leaves and supplementing various trace elements needed for cherry growth. It can not only reduce the amount of fertilizer, reduce the cost and increase the yield, but also obviously improve the quality, sweetness and color of cherries, which is conducive to the production of high-quality cherries and can be matured early.
(2) Apply base fertilizer before defoliation in autumn from September to 65438+1October (southern warm area10 ~165438+1October), so as to rejuvenate the trees and increase the nutrient content stored in the plants. At this time, the root system of cherry is in the most vigorous growth period, so it is better to apply organic fertilizer 20 ~ 30cm deep in the ditch and 20 ~ 25kg organic fertilizer with 50% organic matter content according to the tree potential, and then flush the biogas slurry again. Because it only takes more than 40 days from flowering to fruit ripening, the amount of stored nutrients greatly affects the size and quality of fruit. Therefore, the application of base fertilizer is very important, accounting for 50 ~ 70% of the annual fertilization. Organic fertilizer should be the main, such as compost, manure, rotten bean cake and so on.
In addition to the above-mentioned soil fertilization, spraying biogas slurry or foliar fertilizer twice at the interval of 10 day from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage is helpful to improve the fruit setting rate.
5. Pest control The main pests and diseases that harm cherry trees are geometrid, moth, pink-necked beetle, apple moth, scarab, pear moth, anthracnose, cherry leaf spot, bacterial perforation, gummosis, root neck rot and so on. Comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and control it. When pruning in winter, cut off the branches of diseases and pests and burn them, and spray Bubomei 5-degree stone sulfur mixture once when falling leaves; Spraying 40% dimethoate 1200 times solution and 70% thiophanate methyl 800 times solution each 1 time before the leaves of spring shoots stop growing; In July and August, spray 50% marathon emulsion with a ratio of 1000 and 65% zineb with a ratio of 400-500 once each.
Second, can wild cherries be eaten?
Cherry mdash Cherry not only has beauty effect, but also has dietotherapy and health care functions, such as diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, tonifying middle warmer, expelling wind and overcoming dampness, lumbago and leg pain due to kidney deficiency, and poor activity. Fruit juice can treat dumping injury and scald, and has the functions of relieving pain and preventing thickening; Ye Zhu Shuikou can warm the stomach and strengthen the spleen, stop bleeding and detoxify, and treat epigastric pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea, hematemesis, sores and toxic swelling and pain. Eating cherries regularly is especially beneficial to patients with iron deficiency anemia. Cherry is also very popular with ladies, because it has the effect of nourishing skin and pleasant color. Sticking to wiping your face with cherry juice can make your skin fair and ruddy, and remove wrinkles and freckles. Especially the roots and whiskers of cherries, which doctors call the patron saint of ladies.
Nutrition expert Hu Min said that in the fruit family, the iron content is generally low, but cherries stand out: the iron content per100g of cherries is higher.
Cherry photos (10) reached 59 mg, ranking first among fruits; Vitamin A content is 4-5 times more than that of grapes, apples and oranges. In addition, cherries also contain vitamins A, B, C and mineral elements such as calcium and phosphorus.
Chinese medicine believes that cherries have great medicinal value. You can take medicine all over your body. Fresh fruit has the effects of sweating, benefiting qi, expelling wind and penetrating rash, and is suitable for dietotherapy of numbness of limbs and rheumatic waist and leg diseases.
Hu Min said that cherries can relieve anemia. Iron is the raw material for synthesizing human hemoglobin, which is of great significance to women. According to the World Health Organization, about 50% girls, 20% adult women and 40% pregnant women will suffer from iron deficiency anemia.
When buying cherries, choose cherries with pedicels, bright colors and full skins. If you can't finish eating at that time, it's best to keep it in a cold storage condition of-1℃.
Cherry belongs to berries and is easily damaged, so it must be handled with care. In addition, although cherries are good, be careful not to eat too much. Because it contains not only iron, but also a certain amount of cyanoside, if eaten too much, it will cause iron poisoning or cyanide poisoning.
Avoid people: suitable for people with spleen and stomach deficiency, diarrhea, anorexia, anemia, fatigue, gout, arthritis, chronic hepatitis, etc. People with fever, cough due to deficiency-heat and constipation should avoid eating, and those with renal insufficiency and oliguria should use it with caution.
Planting techniques?
1. China cherry is weak in cold resistance, and likes warm and humid climate, so it is suitable for cultivation at the place with annual average temperature of 15 ~ 16℃. Sweet cherries like cold and dry. The natural dormancy period of cherry is about 80 ~ 100 days. The chilling requirement of sweet cherry for complete dormancy below 7.2℃ is 1 100 ~ 1300 hours. Sour cherry needs 1200 ~ 2500 hours. China cherry has a short dormancy period, and it is easy to sprout new buds when the temperature warms up in late winter and early spring. In case of "late spring cold" (frost or snow), the organs of flowers are frozen, which even seriously affects the yield and even fails to harvest seeds. Therefore, in the development, we must pay attention to whether the time when the local low-temperature cold wave strikes every spring coincides with the flowering period, and we should not plant cherries in places where adverse weather (frost, snowfall, strong wind) occurs in successive years of flowering. Even in places where disastrous weather rarely occurs, it is necessary to choose suitable small terrain for planting when building gardens. Compared with real cherry, Prunus tomentosa is extremely cold-resistant and suitable for planting in Northeast China. ?
The annual rainfall suitable for cherry growth is generally 700 ~ 1000 mm, and how to solve the problem of "spring drought" should be fully considered in building gardens in some areas in the south. Because in the early stage of fruit growth, drought will cause serious fruit drop and affect fruit growth and development. ? Cherry is a light-loving tree species, while China cherry is more shade-tolerant, but it has good light and early fruit ripening. Cherry is suitable for cultivation in deep, fertile and loose sandy soil. The pH value of soil is generally 6.0 ~ 7.5. The vertical distribution of cherry roots in China is generally concentrated in the soil layer about 20 cm deep, which requires loose soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Heavy clay is not suitable for planting cherries. As cherries are not easy to transport, the garden should be built in a place with convenient transportation. ?
Second, the planting density varies with varieties, rootstocks and soil conditions. On the fertile flat land, China cherries were planted in a Y-shape with a density of 1×3m and 220 plants per mu. If natural clumping or natural happiness is adopted, it can be planted in the size of 2 ~ 3m× 3 ~ 4m. The density can be appropriately increased in the young age, and thinning measures should be taken after the garden is completed. ?
Third, the planting time is generally divided into autumn and spring. It should be planted in cold, dry and windy areas of Yichun in winter and before seedling germination in spring. It can be planted in warm places in winter and autumn. ? Before planting, the soil should be deeply turned and cooked, and planting holes should be dug. Apply 25-50kg organic fertilizer to each hole. After mixing fertilizer with soil, plant seedlings and water the roots immediately. ?
Fourth, fertilization management? Generally, large cherries should be fertilized three times a year in the fruiting period, the first time is to apply base fertilizer in autumn, and the second time is to apply topdressing before flowering. Compound fertilizer should be applied immediately after cherry harvest. Irrigation and mulching in spring and intertillage weeding in other seasons are better for soil management of cherry. Because mulching reduces the influence of spring drought on plants, it has a good effect on fruit growth. After harvesting cherries, remove or turn over the mulch. According to estimates, the average adult garden should cover 2000 ~ 2500 kilograms of wheat straw per mu. Cherry trees should be fertilized 3-4 times a year. Cherry root system is particularly sensitive, so organic fertilizer and Gymboree microbial fertilizer should be fed throughout the process. Improper use of fertilizer can easily cause root burning. ?
1, fertilization after fruit picking? Top dressing can be applied immediately after fruit picking, mainly to restore tree vigor, promote flower bud differentiation and increase the next annual output. Immediately after picking the fruit, apply decomposed manure, livestock manure or biogas slurry once. According to the results, 30 ~ 60 kg of decomposed livestock manure and 500 kg of biogas slurry were applied to each plant. ? Before germination and flowering, biogas slurry or decomposed livestock manure can be applied to the top of the fruit, and the dosage per mu is about 1000 kg. In addition, in addition to fertilization, it is best to add Gymboree microbial sweetener, which can make cherries live in an environment with a large number of activated beneficial functional microorganisms, thus expanding the absorption area of roots, enhancing photosynthesis of leaves and supplementing various trace elements needed for cherry growth. It can not only reduce the amount of fertilizer, reduce the cost and increase the yield, but also obviously improve the quality, sweetness and color of cherries, which is conducive to the production of high-quality cherries and can be matured early. ?
2. Apply base fertilizer? From September to 65438+1October (southern warm area10 ~165438+1October), basal fertilizer was applied before defoliation to rejuvenate the trees and increase the nutrient content stored in the plants. At this time, the root system of cherry is in the most vigorous growth period, so it is better to apply organic fertilizer 20 ~ 30cm deep in the ditch and 20 ~ 25kg organic fertilizer with 50% organic matter content according to the tree potential, and then flush the biogas slurry again. Because it only takes more than 40 days from flowering to fruit ripening, the amount of stored nutrients greatly affects the size and quality of fruit. Therefore, the application of base fertilizer is very important, accounting for 50 ~ 70% of the annual fertilization. Organic fertilizer should be the main, such as compost, manure, rotten bean cake and so on. ?
In addition to the above-mentioned soil fertilization, spraying biogas slurry or foliar fertilizer twice at the interval of 10 day from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage is helpful to improve the fruit setting rate. ?
5. Pest control? The main pests and diseases that harm cherry trees are mulberry white scale, stickleback moth, pink-necked longicorn beetle, apple winged moth, stinkbug with golden edge, chafer, pear moth, anthracnose, cherry leaf spot, bacterial perforation, gummosis, root and neck rot and so on. Comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and control it. When pruning in winter, cut off the branches of diseases and pests and burn them, and spray Bubomei 5-degree stone sulfur mixture once when falling leaves; Spraying 40% dimethoate 1200 times solution and 70% thiophanate methyl 800 times solution each 1 time before the leaves of spring shoots stop growing; In July and August, spray 50% marathon emulsion with a ratio of 1000 and 65% zineb with a ratio of 400-500 once each.
What are the benefits of wild cherry wine?
Everyone has tasted the delicious cherry. Like grapes, cherries can be used to make wine. Cherry wine is pale pink and has a faint cherry fragrance, which is suitable for female friends to drink and has a cosmetic effect. Cherry wine has the effects of expelling wind and removing dampness, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. It is suitable for rheumatism, lumbago and leg pain, numbness of limbs, hemiplegia due to stroke, unfavorable flexion and extension, chilblain, etc. Cherry wine can also relieve fatigue, stimulate appetite and improve sleep. Women often drink this wine, which has the effect of beauty beauty.
Cherry wine can be brewed by itself or by itself. I will introduce the specific methods as follows for your reference.
Practice 1: Fresh red cherries, white wine and rock sugar are all suitable. Wash the cherries and remove the pedicels. Take a clean container and add rock sugar and cherries. Pour the white wine, seal it and put it in the refrigerator. Drink it after a week, take it out in the middle and stir it a little, so that the rock sugar and wine can be fully integrated.
Method 2: 500 grams of fresh cherries, rice wine 1000 ml. Clean cherries, put them in a jar, soak them in rice wine, seal them, and stir them every 2-3 days/time 1 5-20 days. Drink 50 ml each morning and evening (including cherry 8 ~ 10).
Practice 3: disinfect hands and containers, and do not use metal tools and containers such as iron and copper. Cleaning cherries, removing pedicels, drying, and crushing or mashing by hand. Put the juice into a container, and add 170g white sugar and distiller's yeast to every liter of cherry juice. After a day, there will be weak carbon dioxide bubbles. After 2 ~ 3 days, a large number of bubbles are released, and the skin residue floats to form a hat shape. When you taste the fruit juice, the sweetness gradually decreases and the taste of wine gradually increases.
Every day, sterilized chopsticks should be used to press the floating cherry into the juice several times. On the one hand, it can prevent mildew and sourness, and the pigment on the skin can also be immersed in the juice to make the fermentation more vigorous. When the carbon dioxide emission is weak and close to calm, the smell of alcohol becomes stronger and the juice begins to clear. Then squeeze out the cherry wine with clean gauze. In this way, a fragrant, sweet and sour cherry wine was made. If it is stored in a container for 2 months, the wine will be more mellow.
Production essentials: It is best to use fresh red cherries, so as to present a beautiful light pink. If there are no other colors of cherries, the taste is the same, but the color is not so beautiful.