(1) preoperative preparation. Do a good job in patients' ideological work before operation, eliminate worries and nervousness, and explain the purpose and effect of the operation in detail, so that patients can actively cooperate and complete the operation together, explain their illness to their families and strive for their assistance. For major surgery, all necessary local and general examinations should be completed before operation.
(2) Preoperative nursing. Before operation, patients were treated with antibiotic eye drops four times a day and eye ointment every night 1 time to prevent surgical infection. Smoking is forbidden before operation, so as not to stimulate the tracheal mucosa, increase secretions and induce cough. If you have a cough, you should give a cough inhibitor and teach the patient how to stop coughing, such as opening your mouth to breathe or pushing the tip of your tongue to the palate. Thoroughly clean the whole body before operation 1 ~ 2 days, including haircut, shampoo, bath and nail cutting. Lacrimal sac surgery and intraocular surgery require routine irrigation of lacrimal passage. Before the operation, the patient should be trained to move his eyes in all directions to meet the needs of the operator. Patients who need absolute bed rest after operation should also be trained to adapt to bed life before operation, such as eating and using urinals, so as to avoid postoperative urinary retention and constipation. Children and patients under general anesthesia should be deprived of food and water for 4-6 hours before operation, and given sedatives one night before operation and 1 hour before operation. On the morning of the operation, measure blood pressure, temperature, respiration and pulse, urinate and defecate before the operation, change clothes, wear chest-tied clothes and avoid wearing pullovers to avoid eye injury when undressing after the operation. Women with long hair should braid two braids, take off their earrings, prepare and clean their skin according to the operation requirements, and escort patients into the operating room half an hour before operation. Make the bed according to the type of operation, and replace pillowcases and sheets for patients who need to stay in bed absolutely after operation. For general anesthesia and children, add single person and rubber sheet, and prepare sphygmomanometer, aspirator, oxygen bottle, mouth opener, bending plate, oxygen inhalation catheter, sterile gauze, etc.
(3) Postoperative care. After the operation, the patient was sent back to the ward with an operation cart. When assisting the patient to cross the bed, tell the patient to relax his head, open his mouth and not breathe hard. One person who helps the patient through the bed holds his head with both hands, and the other person helps the patient to move his body gently on the bed without shaking his head. The nurse on duty should listen to the shift change of nurses and anesthesiologists in the operating room, and tell patients not to squint hard and do strenuous activities. According to the different types of surgery, other precautions should be explained, so that patients can have a quiet rest and assist their daily life. Patients should be told not to cough or urinate forcibly. After the operation, you should eat semi-liquid food, and if there are no special circumstances, you can change to ordinary diet in the future. Generally speaking, painkillers can be used for wound pain. If the patient complains of headache, or is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, he should report to the surgeon in time to check whether there is infection or elevated intraocular pressure. Eye protection should be added during internal eye surgery to prevent eye contact. Pay attention to the tightness of the eye bandage, whether it falls off or shifts, and whether the wound oozes blood or liquid, and report and handle it in time.
Keep defecation unobstructed after operation. For those who are absolutely bedridden and unaccustomed to bedridden urination after operation, their mental anxiety and tension should be relieved, and massage, hot compress, voice induction, acupuncture at Guanyuan, Zusanli and Sanyinjiao points should be used to help urination, and urination should be taken in a lateral position to avoid pollution and infection as far as possible. Postoperative constipation is not good for the wound. If the patient has difficulty defecating and abdominal pressure rises, it will lead to complications such as eye incision dehiscence and surgical eye bleeding. You should use kaisailu or traditional Chinese medicine to help defecate.