1, initial symptoms of onychomycosis
Visually, the deck becomes turbid and opaque, and the deck becomes thicker, which can exceed 1 ~ 3 times of the normal deck. The surface of the deck is rough, uneven and dull. In severe cases, there may be grooves, cracks, bulges and irregular spots on the deck, which are insect-bitten, and the nails are weak in elasticity and easy to break. The damaged fragments on the deck can be dirty gray, brown, white, yellow, black, etc.
Symptoms of onychomycosis
Onychomycosis can be divided into two types according to the different invasion sites of fungi.
1. onychomycosis: Fungi invade from the side edge or front edge of the nail, and develop backward along the deck, forming loose keratin fragments, which accumulate under the nail, making the nail thick, uneven and inclined, separating the deck from the nail bed, leading to incomplete moth-eating, and the deck is completely destroyed for a long time.
2. Superficial white onychomycosis: Fungi invade from the nail surface to form ugly white turbid spots, which often cause the deck to deform, thicken and become brittle for a long time. The number of nails affected varies, ranging from 1 ~ 2 to most or all fingers (toes) in severe cases. Generally, there are no conscious symptoms: the course of disease is slow, and if it is not treated, it will not heal for many years.
2. What medicine is the best for onychomycosis?
Onychomycosis is caused by fungal infection. Single external drug treatment can not cure the disease, resulting in a high recurrence rate. Experts pointed out that to eradicate onychomycosis, it is necessary to go through scientific testing, determine the types of fungi, and then carry out standardized treatment. So, what is the treatment for onychomycosis?
There are many treatments for onychomycosis, including external application, oral administration and surgical removal of onychomycosis.
Fingernails and toenails grow at different rates. It takes 100 days for fingernails to completely replace a new nail, while it takes about 300 days for toenails, so it takes patience to treat onychomycosis.
(1) Surgical nail removal: It is suitable for single onychomycosis, and the affected nail is removed under local anesthesia. This method is traumatic, bleeding and easy to cause infection. After the operation, you will generally feel more pain, and it is easy to reinfect and relapse. Because of "treating the symptoms but not the root cause", it is rarely used in clinic. Moreover, patients with heart disease, hypertension and diabetes are not suitable for surgical treatment.
(2) Oral drugs: suitable for patients with multiple nails at the same time. This method has been used in clinic for a long time, such as terbinafine tablets, griseofulvin, ketoconazole, etc., with definite curative effect and convenient use. However, because this kind of drugs can only play an antibacterial role when they reach the deck where fungi live, the dosage is large, the time is long, there are side effects, and it is easy to relapse after stopping taking drugs, so it is not suitable for routine medication of onychomycosis.
(3) External treatment: External treatment is relatively safe, generally painless and has no side effects, and it is the first choice for treating onychomycosis. According to different drugs, there are mainly methods such as soaking, local application, sealing and cutting.
3. Prevention methods of onychomycosis
Prevention of onychomycosis should start from the following aspects:
1. First of all, we should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of tinea manus and pedis, and correct the incorrect view that tinea pedis will not cause other diseases.
2. Don't borrow daily necessities, such as shoes and socks, slippers, footbath, foot towel, etc. Don't share it with others, which is the key to prevent indirect infection of onychomycosis.
3. Develop good hygiene habits, wash your feet and change your socks frequently, and keep your shoes and socks exposed and dry.
4. People with sweaty hands and feet can appropriately use some treatments to suppress local perspiration. Summer is the frequent period of tinea manus and pedis, so we should pay special attention to it.
5. Do a good job in environmental sanitation, and don't create an external environment for the growth and reproduction of pathogenic fungi, such as avoiding crowded and humid houses, paying attention to indoor ventilation, drying bedding frequently, and washing sheets, shirts and pants frequently. The daily necessities of patients with onychomycosis and tinea of hands and feet at home should be disinfected regularly with boiling water, and the items that cannot be burned should be disinfected by sunlight for 2-3 hours.
6. Enhancing the body's ability to resist pathogenic fungi, such as strengthening physical exercise and paying attention to nutrition, is conducive to improving the prevention of onychomycosis.
7. Patients with tinea manuum, tinea pedis and tinea capitis should be treated actively and seriously as soon as possible to avoid the development of the disease and infect others.