Wisteria has deep main roots and shallow lateral roots, and is not resistant to transplantation. Fast growth and long life. Strong winding ability, strangulation to other plants. Buds appear in March and bloom in April, with 20 to 80 iris flowers per shaft.
When planting wisteria, you should choose a dry place with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. If it is too wet, the roots will rot easily. The planting time is generally from defoliation in autumn to germination in spring. The main root of wisteria is thick and long, with few lateral roots, which is not resistant to transplantation. Therefore, when transplanting, no matter whether the plants have soilless balls, they should be replanted, and organic fertilizer should be applied to the planting holes as base fertilizer. They should be watered after planting. For larger plants, a sturdy and durable scaffolding should be built before planting, and thick branches should be tied to the scaffolding after planting to make them climb along the scaffolding. The daily management of wisteria is simple, and appropriate water and fertilizer management can be carried out according to the water and fertilizer status of the soil.
Pruning wisteria is an important work in management, and the pruning time should be in the dormant period. When pruning, the branches are evenly distributed by removing secrets and keeping sparse and manual traction. In order to make flowers flourish, we should also prune them reasonably according to their budding habits. Because wisteria has strong branching ability, flower buds are planted in the axils of annual branches, and the tops of growing branches are easy to dry up. Therefore, we should take back the new branches of that year, cut off 1/3- 1/2, and cut off the delicate branches and the base of dead branches.
Wisteria is easy to propagate, and it can be planted, cut, layered, divided and grafted. Sowing and cutting are the main methods, but cutting is the most widely used because of the long seedling raising time.
Cutting propagation Cutting propagation generally adopts hard cuttings. Before the branches germinate in the middle and late March, select 1 ~ 2-year-old stout branches, cut them into cuttings of about 15cm, and insert them into the seedbed prepared in advance. The cutting depth is 2/3 of the cutting length. Spraying water after transplanting, strengthening maintenance, keeping the seedbed moist, the survival rate is very high, the plant height can reach 20 ~ 50 cm in that year, and it can be taken out of the nursery two years later.
Rooting is the use of adventitious buds easily produced on wisteria roots. Roots with a thickness of 0.5 ~ 2.0 cm were dug in the middle and late March, and cuttings with a length of 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+02 cm were inserted into the seedbed, and the cutting depth was kept at the same level as the ground. Other management measures are the same as pruning.
Sowing and propagation Sowing and propagation are carried out in March. In June,165438+1October, the seeds were harvested, the pods were removed, dried and stored in bags. Soak the seeds in hot water before sowing. When the boiling water temperature drops to about 30℃, take out the seeds, rinse them with cold water for a while, then keep them moist, and pile them up for a day and a night before sowing. Or store the seeds in wet sand and soak them in clear water 1 ~ 2 days before sowing.
Layering, plant division and grafting are all carried out in the middle and late March.
The following briefly introduces several breeding methods:
1. Sowing and propagation: Sow in autumn, or pollinate artificially when flowering to promote pod setting. When they are ripe, collect pods and store them in dry warehouses (sand warehouses are better), and sow them in the next spring.
2. Cutting propagation in early spring in the south, after thawing the soil in the north, take one or two-year-old shoots, cut them into 10 ~ 15 cm segments, and insert them directly or obliquely.
3. Take biennial branches after defoliation by layering method, peel off some skins and press them into the soil.
4. Rhizosphere seedlings are cut by tillering method and transplanted in winter and spring.
5. Grafting method is to graft one or two-year-old branches at the root and move them out after survival.
To plant wisteria well, we should pay attention to the following problems:
First, illumination: Wisteria likes sunshine, but it is slightly tolerant of shade. Because wisteria is a large vine, in order to make it grow well, it is usually cultivated with certain scaffolding. Wisteria also has shorter species and varieties, which can be used as potted plants or bonsai.
Second, temperature: Wisteria has strong adaptability, heat resistance and cold resistance, and it is cultivated from south to north in China. So in Guangdong, the temperature can adapt to wisteria all year round.
Third, watering: Wisteria has deep roots and strong drought resistance, but it likes wet soil, but it can't let the roots soak in water, otherwise it will rot.
Fertilization: applying compound fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times a year to wisteria can basically meet the needs.
Fifth, soil: the main roots of wisteria are long, so the planting place needs deep soil layer. Wisteria is barren, but fertile soil is more conducive to growth. Wisteria also has strong adaptability to soil pH value.
Sixth, location: besides the sunny and deep soil mentioned above, the location where wisteria is planted needs shelter from the wind.
Seven, propagation: Wisteria can be propagated by cutting, layering, sowing, grafting, tillering and other methods.
Wisteria has strong straight roots, so when transplanting, we should dig as many lateral roots as possible and bring the ground. Plant more in early spring. Before planting, you must set up a scaffolding, tie thick branches on the scaffolding and climb along it. Because wisteria has a long life and thick leaves, the scaffold materials must be strong and durable. When young trees are planted, the branches can't form flower buds, and peanut bud will appear later. If it doesn't bloom for several years, it's because the tree is too strong, with too many branches and leaves, and the tree is weak, so it is difficult to accumulate nutrients. The former uses partial root cutting and sparse branches and leaves, while the latter can blossom by adding fertilizer. Fertilizer should be properly applied with more potassium fertilizer. Topdressing is usually 2 ~ 3 times during the growth period. After flowering, 5 ~ 6 buds can be cut off from the middle branches and weak branches to promote the formation of flower buds.
Potted wisteria, in addition to selecting shorter species and varieties, should also strengthen pruning and coring, and control the plants not to be too large. If you are cultivating bonsai, you need to strengthen plastic pruning. If necessary, you can use old piles to plant pots and graft excellent varieties.