1. Susan pear has strong adaptability, lax requirements on soil climatic conditions, resistance to thin rot, moderate cold resistance and moderate disease resistance, and is suitable for cultivation in deep and fertile soil. In barren land and sandy land. Mild saline-alkali soil also performed well. Young trees have strong growth potential and straight crown: the upright mature crown is half open, and the fruit branches have weak ability to bear fruit continuously. Results This part was easy to move outward. Strong germination ability, bud tip 82%, medium branching ability. Usually draw two long branches under the incision. Fruiting began 3~ 4 years after colonization. Mainly short fruit branches. High and stable yield. It ripens in the middle and late September, and the fruit has 135 days. Nutritional delivery is 207 days. Fruits can be stored until March of the following year.
Fruit nearly cylindrical or not broadly ovoid. The top is flat and slightly wide, with an average fruit weight of 250 grams and a maximum of more than 500 grams. The peel is yellow-green, and it is yellow after storage. Wrap it a little. Watch the money, sandy. There is a rust or a rust, and many pieces fall off. Small nucleus and white flesh. Medium thickness, crisp, juicy, sweet, with stone cells. Fruit contains soluble trace elements 1 1%~ 14%, titratable acid 7.35%, vitamin 0. 10% and vitamin 0.2 1 mg/ 100g. Rich in nutrition, it is a rare fruit. Besides being fresh, canned food can also be processed. It is an important raw material for food industry.
Cultivation management 1. Rootstock orchard: In addition to conventional methods, pear orchard is seriously infected with rot. In order to cultivate strong rootstocks and achieve the purpose of high grafting, rootstock nursery garden or seed direct seeding garden can be used, and when the seedlings reach a certain height, they can get married on the spot.
(1) Preparation of planting holes: Dangshan crisp pear belongs to medium and large crown. Generally, the plant spacing is 5m× 6m, and 22 plants are planted per mu. The tree is mostly in the form of evacuation and stratification. But some places also use dwarfing and close planting. Plant spacing
(2) Direct seeding or seedling planting: ① Garden direct seeding: When the rootstock seedling reaches the grafting standard, direct seeding the rootstock seeds such as Lidulie in the planting hole. In situ grafting. Realize one-selection, one-sowing and two-plant grafting. Measures of keeping seedlings per plant to ensure the neatness of fruit building. When sowing, grab 5~7 seeds at the center of the planting hole 20 cm. After the seedlings emerge, choose healthy seedlings when asking about them. In order to limit the growth of rootstock seedlings, promote thickening and facilitate bud grafting in the same year, when the direct seeding seedlings grow to 50-60 cm, the tips should be picked in time.
If the seedlings can't meet the requirements of bud grafting in autumn, bud grafting can be carried out in the following autumn. ② Planting seedlings and establishing gardens: Planting robust 1~2-year-old rootstock seedlings in early April and budding in mid-August of that year. ③ Grafting: Generally, it is required to graft the rootstock more than 30 cm from the ground, cut off the shoots less than 30 cm from the rootstock, and water the remaining water 3-5 days before grafting. Use bud grafting or T-bud report. In the second spring after grafting, unbinding was released, and the part was cut at 1 cm above the grafted bud. Jushan crisp pear has low self-flowering intensity, so attention should be paid to marrying and throwing powder trees as required when grafting. The varieties suitable for pollination are Jinfeng pear, Yali pear, Zaosu pear, Huangguan pear and Xuehua pear.
2. Shaping and pruning: It is better to prevent acid and stratify trees in conventional gardening, and the cultivation method is the same as that of pear trees with soft cracks and zero fruit collection. For example, the short dense planting garden adopts sawtooth tree shape, and its basic tree shape is: the trunk is 50-60 cm high. The height of the tree is 2~2.5 meters. Two main branches. The branch spacing is 15 ~ 20cm, and the included angle between the two main branches is 180 "flat angle, so that the two branches extend in a Y shape, and the double included angle between the main branches and the center line is 55"-65 ",the ventral angle is 65 ~ 75, and the sharp angle is 50*-60*.
Each main branch has 2-3 side branches, the first side branch is 30-40cm away from the main branch, the second side branch is 25-35cm away from the first side branch, and the third side branch is 70-80cm away from the second side branch. There are medium and small fruit branches on the main branches and side branches. Large oblique branch groups are arranged on both sides between the second and third side branches. In the year of rootstock cutting, all branches above the butt bud should be reserved to facilitate the production of nutrition.
Promote growth, roots and buds are erased in time. In summer, the branches are pulled in a fixed position. In order to cultivate the tree shape, the main branches are cut off in winter, and the other branches are not moved. In the summer of the following year, the redundant branches below the plastic belt were cut off, and the measures of coring and taking branches on the backbone branches and inner branches were taken to promote the formation of flower buds, which was beneficial to early flowering and early fruiting. After entering the dried fruit stage, the key is to strengthen the transfer and cutting of summer shoots. In principle, twigs should be moved instead of big branches, and the problems of ventilation and residual light of trees should be solved by methods such as wiping buds, grasping cores, thinning branches, cutting short, cutting around, opening corners, taking branches, hanging branches, etc., so as to prevent the bearing parts from moving outward. Improve fruit quality.