I remember saying that fruit trees can be pruned all year round, and the purpose of pruning in each season is different, but it still depends on our technology to achieve a good pruning effect. Generally speaking, the main pruning periods of fruit trees are winter and summer, which are called dormant pruning and growth pruning respectively according to their growth characteristics. These two periods are roughly consistent with winter and summer, so they are also called winter pruning and summer pruning.
Similarly, for peach trees, it is also divided into dormancy pruning and growth pruning. Pruning in dormant period can be mainly carried out before the peach leaves fall behind and sprout, but it is better to prune after the leaves fall and before the Spring Festival. However, for some varieties, pruning can be postponed until before germination, so as to alleviate the tree vigor and prevent the flower buds from freezing injury caused by premature pruning, such as yellow peach varieties. For some cold areas, pruning should be done in time after defoliation.
As for pruning in the growth period, spring and summer are the growth periods of peach trees, so they are also divided into spring pruning and summer pruning. Pruning in spring is called pre-flowering pruning, which is carried out after germination and before flowering, such as thinning or cutting open branches and dead branches, retracting auxiliary branches and branches, and adjusting the proportion of flowers, leaves and fruits. Summer pruning refers to the pruning of the whole growing season after flowering, such as picking the heart, wiping the bud, twisting the tip, pulling the branch, etc.
Now is the season of pruning peach trees in winter, so how to prune peach trees? In fact, winter pruning is the most important pruning of peach trees in a year, because it involves the cultivation of tree shapes and fruiting branches. Therefore, winter pruning is a "major operation", and poor pruning will have a great impact on the annual output in the future.
Because peach trees have young trees, fruit trees and old trees, and the branches of peach trees have fruiting branches and growing branches, the pruning methods of each tree age are different, and the pruning of each branch is also different. In addition, the growth environment, tree potential, variety characteristics and so on of peach trees are different, and the pruning methods are different. Therefore, it may not be clear for a while to talk about the winter pruning of peach trees. If you really master pruning, you won't learn it for a while. However, if you master the following pruning points, you can try it in winter for a person who can't prune.
Master the pruning time. As for the pruning time, I have already said it above, and I want to emphasize it again here. If it is in a cold area, it needs to be advanced and cannot be put off until around the Spring Festival. When pruning peach trees in winter, most branches should be cut short appropriately. If pruned in advance, immature shoots will be cut off, and water transpiration will naturally drop greatly. But the water and nutrients accumulated by trees can basically meet the requirements. Therefore, the "seedling shedding" of young peach branches can be reduced.
B. pay attention to cultivating the tree shape. Only the tree shape suitable for the growth of peach trees can make full use of space and light energy to bear more fruits in the growth of peach trees, so as to achieve the purposes of high and stable yield, good fruit quality and prolonged fruiting years. There are many kinds of peach trees, which can't be introduced one by one, but the commonly used high-yield trees mainly include natural happiness, natural happiness with two main branches, natural cup shape, dried shape, extended happiness, double-plant semicircle, oblique palm leaf fan shape and so on. Every tree has its advantages, and it needs to be cultivated into a mature tree, and it needs years of pruning to be cultivated successfully.
C pay attention to cultivating the crown. Pruning peach trees can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the crown, improve the utilization rate of light energy, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and improve the fruit quality. For example, young peach trees with vigorous fruiting branches, if they are allowed to grow without pruning the elongated branches, can expand the crown of trees more quickly and bear more fruits, but it is also easy to cause empty cavities and few fruiting branches. Therefore, it is necessary to prune each problem tree in a targeted manner to cultivate a suitable crown.
Pay attention to using long branches. The long branches of peach trees grow vigorously and most of them have no flower buds. Unused flowers should be removed as soon as possible to reduce the consumption of nutrients, so as not to affect the differentiation and fruiting of flower buds. However, because the buds on peach branches mature earlier, the branches of the current year are prone to secondary branches, especially those growing on the back or obliquely above the back. As long as it is not treated early, a large number of high-quality flower buds will form on the secondary branches, forming long branches. Therefore, when cutting down trees in winter, it should be used according to the number of flower buds and whether there is room for branches to grow in the crown.
E, pay attention to keep the branches updated. Although peach trees have the characteristics of low fruiting parts and easy "single branch regeneration", the rapid outward migration of fruiting parts cannot be controlled by single branch regeneration alone, and the method of "double branch regeneration" must be adopted at the same time to reserve preparatory branches for cultivating fruiting branches. If we don't pay attention to the backup branches of fruiting branches and adopt "two-branch regeneration" pruning for a long time, after a few years, strong fruit branches will not grow on the updated mother branches, which will affect the stable and high yield of peach trees.
Of course, pruning peach trees in winter is a complicated project, and there is no specific pruning technology here. Only from the above aspects, it will play a role in attracting jade, I hope not to mislead. To really prune, you still need a systematic understanding.