Introduction experiment of 1 walnut
Walnut is a walnut plant. Together with almonds, cashews and hazelnuts, it is known as the world-famous "four dried fruits". Walnut has high nutritional value.
Walnut 100g contains protein 0.0 15 ~ 0.002kg, carbohydrate 10g, and many trace elements important to human body, so it is called "longevity fruit". Walnut also has certain requirements for growth environment and likes light, so in sunny places, the yield and quality of walnut are relatively high. At the same time, walnuts are cold-resistant, drought-resistant, disease-resistant, adaptable to the growth of various soils, like fertile and humid sandy loam, like water and fertilizer, and have no strict requirements on water and fertilizer. Not suitable for pruning after defoliation and before germination, it is easy to bleed. Because of its good tolerance, walnut can be planted in many areas. Walnut likes calcareous soil, which is mostly found in deep soil layers on both sides of the valley.
2 methods to improve the yield of walnuts
2. 1 Reasonable seedling selection
The selection of walnut seedlings is the key to improve the yield and quality of walnut. At present, in the process of walnut planting, suitable seedlings should be selected according to the soil and climate environment of the planting park. Common walnut varieties are early fruiting type, high yield type, drought resistance type and early frost resistance type. When selecting seedlings, seedlings with relatively pure varieties and good joint healing should be selected. Generally speaking, the lateral roots should be kept above 65,438+60 cm, and the trunk should be kept at 65,438. In addition, the seedling raising of excellent walnut varieties is mainly realized by cultivating improved varieties and grafting. However, because walnut branches contain more tannin, tannin will be oxidized when exposed to air during grafting, forming a brown oxide film, which makes it difficult for walnut to graft and propagate. Therefore, it is necessary to study grafting technology to improve the planting level of walnut.
2.2 Control of Walnut Planting Technology
In the process of walnut planting, land is an important foundation, and whether the choice of land is reasonable has a great influence on the yield of walnut. Generally speaking, walnuts like deep and fertile soil and have strong water holding capacity. Walnut is a sunny plant. When choosing walnut planting areas, we should choose sunny places to ensure the sunshine demand during walnut growth. After that, it is necessary to plan the garden and rationally arrange the planting density. Generally speaking, the depth and width of walnut pond should be kept at1m. Surface soil and deep soil should be placed separately, and the surface soil and base fertilizer to be backfilled should be fully stirred and placed at the pit edge. Before planting, check the walnut seedlings, cut off the damaged roots, and spray rooting powder on the roots of walnut seedlings, or soak them in water for 3-5 hours or dip them in mud to make the roots of walnut seedlings fully absorb water, which is beneficial to the survival of walnut seedlings after planting. Before planting, put the nutrient soil in into the pit, step on it, put the seedlings in the center of the pit, straighten them, and comb the roots of the seedlings by hand to make them stretch. After planting the root system of the seedling in the soil, put it in the nutrient soil prepared by 1 layer, keep it steady until the pit is full, and then fully water it. After the roots of the seedlings are planted, they should be covered with loose soil with a certain thickness, generally 30cm, and then covered with a plastic film with the length and width of 1m, and compacted with soil to expose the seedlings. In the process of planting, attention should be paid to straightening and straightening walnut seedlings, and then burying soil, watering and covering with plastic film. Every 1 planting should be carried out according to these basic points, so as to improve the survival rate of walnut seedlings.
2.3 Soil, fertilizer and water management technology
2.3. 1 soil management. In the process of walnut planting, soil management should be strengthened at any time, that is, weeding and loosening the soil. For young walnuts, weeding is generally 3-4 times a year. In addition to weeding and loosening soil, mature walnut trees should loosen soil outward for 40-50 cm every year or every other year, and the depth of loosening soil is about 60cm. In addition, in order to improve the utilization rate of soil, intercropping should also be carried out. The fruiting time of walnuts is relatively late, and it usually takes three years to enter the full fruiting period. The walnut orchard should be intercropped and some other crops should be added, which can not only increase crop yield, but also promote walnut growth and improve soil utilization rate through the influence of different crops. It should be noted that suitable crops should be selected in the process of intercropping. Generally speaking, in the process of walnut planting, it is not suitable for planting tall crops. After practice in various places, it is found that melons, beans (not climbing stems) or potato crops can be intercropped. 4 ~ 6-year-old walnut orchards can be intercropped with potatoes, semi-negative or negative-tolerant Chinese herbal medicines, green manure plants, konjac and wormwood. For adult walnut trees, spring crops such as wheat can be intercropped, because adult walnut trees have basically entered the dormant period, and at this time, spring crops can obtain higher yield. In intercropping crops, we should also strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, solve the contradiction between water and fertilizer of walnuts and other crops, and promote the growth of walnuts and other crops.
2.3.2 Pay attention to water and fertilizer management during walnut planting. Any kind of 1 crop can't grow without water and fertilizer, especially walnut. Only sufficient water and fertilizer can promote the rapid growth of walnuts. Fertilization for walnut trees can generally be applied 5 years and 2 ~ 3 months before planting to promote the growth of walnut seedlings. Fertilizers before flowering are mainly nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea and ammonium bicarbonate. After applying pre-flowering fertilizer, you can apply stable fruit fertilizer. Fruit-stabilizing fertilizer is mainly used to increase production, generally multi-element compound fertilizer. The third stage is mainly to apply strong fruit fertilizer, which is usually applied before germination in autumn. In the application process, multi-element compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer can be combined to make walnut grow with sufficient nutrients.
2.4 Reasonable pruning
If the walnut tree is allowed to grow, the crown formation of young trees will be slow, and the bearing capacity of the crown will be reduced in the late fruiting stage, which will easily lead to the problem of poor permeability of the tree in the fruiting stage, resulting in many pests and diseases of the walnut tree and poor fruit quality. In order to make walnuts bear fruit early and achieve high and stable yield as soon as possible, it is necessary to carry out shaping and pruning. To master the pruning time in the process of plastic pruning, it is usually carried out every year 10, and five points need to be paid attention to: first, control the secondary branches; Second, inhibit the excessive growth of branches; Thirdly, processing vegetative branches; Fourth, sparse branches; Fifth, cut the branches on the back. Starting from young trees, we should adopt reasonable pruning and shaping methods to cultivate more high-yield crown structures, so that walnut trees can obtain balanced nutrition, and the branches of walnut trees can fully absorb sunlight and water, thus growing better. When pruning, attention should be paid to sticking calluses antiseptic film on the cut of knife and scissors in time to promote wound healing and prevent walnut trees from being infected with germs.
3 Conclusion
To sum up, walnut is not only a nutritious food, but also an important Chinese herbal medicine. In the process of walnut planting, we should strengthen management from many aspects, such as strengthening the selection of walnut seedlings and strengthening the management of water and fertilizer, so as to continuously improve the yield and quality of walnuts.