First, the environmental conditions of mulberry growth
Mulberry is suitable for deep, fertile and loose soil with organic matter content above 1.5%, and the PH value is 4.5-9, and the PH value is 6-7.5. The annual rainfall is above 1000mm, the soil moisture content is 70-85%, the optimum temperature is 25-35℃, and the sunshine is sufficient.
2. Mulberry seedlings are divided into seed seedlings and cutting seedlings. Generally, seeds are used to raise seedlings.
1. Mulberry seed breeding should choose sandy loam with fertile and loose soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. Herbicide should be used 4-6 days before sowing and sprayed comprehensively. 1- 1.5 kg chlordane powder can be combined with the ground every 667m2, and then the ground should be leveled vertically and horizontally, with the height 12cm and width 1.
2. Mulberry seeds should be sown as soon as they are bought. Each seed should be mixed with five parts of fine soil and sown evenly in the border. Then gently stir the soil to make it match, then cover it, the thickness should be suitable for the edge mud, and water it once.
3. water. Water it every morning and evening within half a month after sowing. When the seedling height is 3cm, the plant spacing is 3cm, and when the seedling height is 6-9 cm, the plant spacing is 3-5 cm, ensuring 8-1.50,000 /667m2 seedlings.
4. Weeding at seedling stage should be "early weeding, small weeding and middle weeding", and 0.3% urea or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed on the leaves.
Third, it is best to choose fertile fields that can discharge energy and irrigate, places with deep soil layers or close to water sources. It is not easy to grow mulberries in the land affected by waste gas, waste water and waste residue discharged from brick and tile factories and chemical plants. Mulberry planting time is best after heavy snow and before beginning of spring. Before planting, the land should be fully reclaimed, and then the ditch (the depth and width of the ditch are preferably above 30cm) should be applied with base fertilizer and returned to the field. Mulberry seedlings should be grouted before planting (mixed with soil, pig manure, cow dung and a small amount of phosphate fertilizer), and planted in a fixed place, buried 3-5 cm above the stem, with 2-3 buds left on the surface, cut off the upper part, and control the number of sprouting branches, with planting density 1000 plants /667m2 and plant spacing of 50cm× 65438+.
Four, mulberry pruning high-yield technology
1, plastic. Before germination in the year of sowing, the seedlings were fixed at a height of 35-40 cm, and 3-5 buds were left under the incision 10- 15 cm to cultivate 3 main branches. Before germination in the next spring, the main branches of the first layer are cut short, and the cutting length is 80-90 cm. After germination, six lateral branches were cultured in the second layer. Before germination in the third spring, the six lateral branches were cut short, and the cutting length was 1 10- 120 cm.
2. Choose your heart. Timely coring is one of the key measures to plant mulberry. Seeding of mulberry seedlings means that when the height of grafted mulberry seedlings is about 35cm, especially strong mulberry seedlings can be seeded, and only one axillary bud is left to grow after seeding. Multiple axillary buds should be peeled, which can be peeled again in September, and then peeled after the axillary buds are pitted. Generally, young mulberry is enucleated twice. The first time is in mid-May, when there are 6-7 leaves, remove the tender head and leave 4-5 leaves. After coring, 750- 1000 kg of base fertilizer was applied per mu, and the second time was in mid-June. The core removal of mulberry in silkworm stage is generally carried out during the second sleep of silkworm, and the degree of core removal is to remove small hairs, which needs to be used first and then used.
3. Qingyuan If the upper part of winter mulberry is not full, it should be cut off, and the top should also be cut off. Generally, the lower end leaves about 130cm, and the dwarf mulberry leaves about 100cm. Pruning should be carried out in winter, and weak branches, horizontal heads, dead piles, dead branches and dead fists should be removed in time, and centralized burning should be carried out.
5. Rational fertilization
Mulberry fertilization is mainly based on organic fertilizer and available nitrogen fertilizer, according to the principle of one base and three topdressing. The application amount of base fertilizer is 200Kg /667m2 of organic fertilizer, 25-35kg/667m2 of urea or 50kg/667m2 of compound fertilizer, 0/5-20kg/667m2 of urea/kloc or 25-30kg/667m2 of compound fertilizer and 25kg/667m2 of autumn fertilizer urea. The main fertilization method is furrow application. In addition to basic fertilizer, manure should be applied thinly once and quick-acting fertilizer should be applied 3-4 times when the new buds grow to 12- 15 cm. At the same time, foliar fertilization can also be carried out in normal management, generally 0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Prevention and control of six pests
1, mulberry bacterial wilt. Symptoms: The diseased plants show bacterial wilt, which can damage the leaves. Stripping off the basal cortex, brown stripes can be seen in xylem. Prevention and control methods: strengthen field management, dig out diseased plants, and disinfect the soil with quicklime. At the initial stage of the disease, spray or irrigate the roots with 4000p solution of 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate wettable powder or 350P solution of 14% copper ammonia solution, once every 7- 10 d for 2-3 consecutive times.
2. weevil. Dry the box with 4-50 mixed liquid of stone sulfur in winter, and spray 50% cartap or methamidophos 1000p solution before germination in spring.
3. Use 80% dichlorvos 800- 1000 p solution every other week 1 time to control mulberry gall midge, mulberry whitefly, scarab and other pests for 2-3 consecutive times.