(1) Buy seedlings: it is advisable to buy seedlings after autumn and before the Spring Festival. Buying seedlings after the Spring Festival is prone to mixed varieties and lack of good varieties. The open field, sunshade and greenhouse are all arranged in rows from north to south, with the plant spacing of 0.7m and the row spacing of about 1.8-2m, and about 300 plants are planted per mu.

(2) Seedling transportation: loading above zero, and sealing after wet seedling. When the seedlings get home, they should be unloaded above zero, covered tightly with heat preservation and moisture preservation, and it is strictly forbidden to put them in the environment below zero.

(3) Storage of seedlings: If the seedlings are not planted immediately after purchase, they can be stored. The method is: in the weather above zero, the seedlings are bound and buried in a pit with a depth of 60-80 cm and a soil cover of 30 cm, which is slightly higher than the ground. Cover the straw pile, do not water it, and store it below 7 degrees. This method is prone to fever and should be planted immediately after the soil is thawed in spring.

2. Planting time: Grapes planted in the open field in autumn are easy to freeze to death, and greenhouse planting in autumn is not conducive to dormancy. Therefore, it is best to plant them in the open field and greenhouse in spring, and the time is from March to May. The soil is thawed until it germinates, but the later it grows, the weaker it becomes. In addition, after planting trees, greenhouses can also be built.

3. Land preparation and ridging: The open field and the greenhouse are arranged in rows from north to south, with the row spacing of 1.8-2m, and ridging along the rows. In winter, there will be big ridges in the cold-proof area with buried soil, and small ridges in the cold-proof area without buried soil in winter. There are two methods of soil preparation before ridging.

(1) Deep ploughing of the whole garden: the ground is sprinkled with fermented manure, generally about 5 cubic meters/mu, and the new shed 10 cubic meters/mu or more. The old shed has high organic matter content, so it is not necessary to apply manure. Then turn it over about 40 centimeters deep.

(2) Trenching along the line: the depth is 60-80 cm and the width is 80- 100 cm. The lower part is filled with about 500 kg of mixed soil of weeds, and the upper part is filled with about 5 cubic meters of organic fertilizer/mu until the mixed soil is filled. If the cooked soil is not enough, you can dig from the row, scatter the core soil between the rows, and then the water will sink.

4, seedling treatment: If it is a grafted seedling, then all the rootstock buds are carved, leaving only the grafted seedling buds and removing the binding film.

5. Pollination tree: Grapes are pollinated by closed flowers and do not need pollination trees. Different varieties should be planted in blocks for easy management.

6. Planting method: plant a row every 0.7m along the ridge. The planting method is as follows.

(1) In winter, the grafted seedlings are planted on one side of the big ridge in the cold-proof area: the grafted seedlings are planted obliquely to the north, and the grafting interface is about 10 cm from the ground. It will not take root above the grafting interface in the future, which is convenient for burying the soil to prevent cold. After planting, water is poured, and after the surface is dry, the mound is buried over 10 cm, and scraped off after germination.

Cutting seedlings are planted obliquely to the north, and the line of yin and yang is about 10 cm below the ground. Even if the ground freezes to death in the future, the ground can germinate. After planting, water it. After the surface is dry, continue to bury the mound 10 cm above. After germination, remove the mound. The green seedlings in the nutrition cup are planted directly, but the green vines cannot be buried, otherwise the seedlings will rot. Water after planting.

(2) In winter, the grafted seedlings are planted to one side of the small ridge in the cold-proof area without covering soil: the grafted seedlings are planted obliquely to the north, and the grafting interface is about 25 cm away from the ground. After planting, water is poured, and after the surface is dry, the soil is covered and buried above the grafting interface 10 cm. In this way, the seedlings are planted on the big ridge, and the grafting interface is exposed after germination.

Cutting seedlings are planted obliquely to the north, and the original yin-yang line is slightly higher than the ground level. After planting, water is poured, and when the surface is dry, the soil is buried for about 25 cm, so that the seedlings are planted on the big ridge. The green seedlings in the nutrition cup are planted directly, but the green vines can't be buried, otherwise the seedlings will rot, and the soil will gradually be buried in the growing season, and the seedlings will also be on the big ridge.

7. Fixed stems of seedlings: grafted seedlings and cuttings have at least 3 complete buds.

8. Moisturize and maintain vitality

(1) First, cover wet grass with a thickness of 5cm along the line, and cover the grass with plastic film to keep the humidity and raise the ground temperature.

(2) Erase the rootstock buds in time after germination, otherwise the grafted buds will not grow.

(3) It is best not to intercrop and interplant between rows. If intercropping and interplanting are needed, it must be pulled out at the beginning of May, otherwise the light will be affected.

9. Accelerate growth

(1) After planting, water every 7- 10 days to keep the surface moist until September. During the next heavy rain, you can water less once, but light rain can't replace watering.

(2) From May to August, apply 16-8- 16 compound fertilizer every time, melt it in advance and add water.

(3) Spraying No.24 foliar fertilizer on the bottom of leaves every 15 days.

Extended data

The lowest temperature for grape growth is about 12℃- 15℃, the lowest ground temperature is about 10℃- 13℃, the optimum temperature for flowering is about 20℃, and the optimum temperature for fruit expansion is 20℃-30℃. Such as large temperature difference between day and night, good coloring and high sugar content.

Grapes have a high demand for water, and strictly controlling the water in the soil is the premise of planting grapes well. Grapes need more water in the early growth stage or vegetative growth stage, and less water in the late growth stage or fruiting stage, so it is necessary to avoid damaging the root system so as not to affect the quality.

Grapes must have a certain intensity of light in the normal growth process, but when the light is too strong, especially when the grapes enter the hard core stage, it is more prone to sunburn. At this time, you can try to keep bagging or leaves to cover the grapes.

When the sunshine is insufficient, it is easy to cause poor corolla shedding at flowering stage and low fertilization rate; In the stage of flower bud differentiation, flower bud differentiation is poor and parthenocarpy is more; In the growing period, the plants are long and the internodes are long. Not bearing fruit or parthenocarpy; Diseases and poor quality in fruit expansion period; When ripe, the color is not good and the sugar content is reduced. ?

Although grapes can be planted in various soils (improved), loam and fine sand loam are the best. Although sandy soil has good air permeability, its ability of retaining fertilizer and water is poor. Loam is between sandy soil and clay.

Grape is similar to most crops, and its growth requires about 17 kinds of nutrients: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine and cobalt. Carbon and oxygen in bases come from carbon dioxide in the air during photosynthesis, while hydrogen comes from water in the soil.

Baidu encyclopedia-grapes

Baidu Encyclopedia-Grape Cultivation Techniques