1, garden selection
Cherry is a fruit tree that likes light, temperature, humidity and fat. It is suitable to grow under the climatic conditions of annual average temperature 10 ~ 12℃, annual precipitation of 600 ~ 700 mm, and annual sunshine hours of more than 2,600 ~ 2,800 hours ... The time when the daily average temperature is higher than 10℃ is150 ~ 200 d. If there is freezing damage in the local area, cherry orchard can choose areas with slow temperature rise and good air circulation in spring. Considering that the cherry root system is shallow and easy to be blown down by the wind, the garden should be in an area free from wind damage, and the soil is sandy loam with loose soil and deep soil layer. ?
2. Variety selection and rational allocation of pollination trees
Big cherry is a cross-pollinated variety, most of which are self-pollinated and need pollination trees. Varieties with different maturity, such as Sijiqing Zaohong and Deng Hong, can be selected as main planting varieties, and Senecio scandens and Redmi can be used as pollination varieties. Generally, the main cultivated varieties are separated by 2 rows, and the pollinated varieties are 1 row to ensure normal pollination. ?
3. Strengthen the management, pruning and shaping of soil, fertilizer and water, as well as pest control.
The soil, fertilizer and water management of cherry is very different from other fruit trees. Because it is sensitive to soil, fertilizer and moisture, a little carelessness will cause a lot of serious consequences such as fruit cracking and tree death. Therefore, cherries should be managed according to the law of demand for soil, fertilizer and water. Plantations should be cultivated and weeded in spring and summer to keep the soil loose. Every year from September to June, 65438+ 10 month, 50 cm outside the trunk between rows, apply organic fertilizer in ditches, apply 400 kg of organic fertilizer every 667 m2, urea 15~30 kg and compound fertilizer 50- 15~30 kg. Apply 0.3 ~ 0.5 kg of urea before germination and after fruit picking. Spraying 0.3% urea 2 ~ 3 times on the leaves from germination to flowering, and spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time on the leaves when the fruits are ripe and after picking. Irrigation before germination 1 time, hard core stage, fruit picking and freezing.
4. Free spindle shape can be used for reasonable shaping and pruning of cherry tree.
The height of the stem is 40 ~ 50 cm, and the height of the tree is about 3 m. The whole tree has 8 ~ 12 uniaxial branches with an angle of 70 ~ 80, which are staggered. Before germination, the seedlings were cut in winter and dried at a height of 80 cm. 1 ~ 4 years, stems and uniaxial branches were cut off at the full bud stage, the length was 40 ~ 60 cm, and the dense branches and pests were cut off. Generally, the branches on the lateral uniaxial branch group are shortened by 5 ~ 15 cm to promote the formation of the short branch group and form the fruit branch bundle in the next year. In order to reduce the number of outer branches of the crown and improve the lighting conditions in the crown, thinning and re-cutting methods were used to deal with the outer multi-head branches.
In spring and autumn, the angle of uniaxial branching group is about 75, and the auxiliary branching is pulled to 90. From May to June, leave 5 ~ 10 cm for vigorous new shoots and erect new branches germinated by short cuttings. When the secondary branches grow vigorously, they can be cored again to promote the formation of short branches and flower buds.