Planting point:
1. Seed collection and storage: The harvesting period of Qinghai Lycium barbarum mature fruit is from August to September, when the fruit turns dark purple and the granules are full, it can be picked. If you don't pick it in time, the fruit won't fall off on its own, but will naturally dry in the branches. Berries should be dried in time after picking and stored in a cool place. Fruits after September are not suitable for seed collection because of insufficient growth period and short seeds. When picking seeds, put the berries in clean water, soak them, break them with a beater, clean the pulp adhered to the seeds, remove impurities, filter out the seeds, dry them in the air, select the best ones, and then store them in breathable textile bags. The seeds of Lycium barbarum are very small, weighing about 0.9 grams, and there are about 165438+ million seeds per kilogram. It is best to sow in the same year, the germination rate of seeds in that year is between 80-95%, and the germination rate of seeds over two years is obviously reduced, so pay attention to it when planting.
2. Seedling raising: There are three ways of seedling raising: seed seedling raising, cutting and tillering.
Nursery can be carried out in spring and autumn, and sandy loam with flat terrain, good drainage, good irrigation conditions, convenient transportation and deep soil layer should be selected as the nursery ground. Remove the grass roots from the nursery, apply decomposed farm manure, preferably sheep manure, and apply 20-30 kg of NPK compound fertilizer according to the amount of 2000 kg per mu, and rake the ground in time after fertilization. The seedbed is a low bed with a bed width of 1.2m and a bed height of 12m. A working channel with a width of 40cm is reserved between the two beds for walking management. Irrigate the seedbed before sowing, and sow in 2-3 days after irrigation. Disinfect the seeds with potassium permanganate solution before sowing, then spread the seeds evenly on the bed at the dosage of 0,8-10.5 kg per mu, and cover them with fine sand of 1- 1 0.5 cm. Spray clean water on the sand surface every two days or so until the seedlings appear. In addition, drilling and hole sowing can also be used. You can also use containers to grow seedlings in the greenhouse, and when the seedlings are about 20 cm high, they can be moved out of the greenhouse and planted in the ground.
Cuttings can also be carried out before germination in spring and autumn. Select 1 year-old tendril branches or stout branches with full buds on excellent single plants, cut into cuttings with the length of 18-20 cm, insert the cuttings obliquely into the whole border, and compact firmly. Pay attention to frequent watering to keep the soil moist, and the general survival rate is about 85%.
In addition, the root system of Lycium barbarum fruit is developed and the root system has strong shading ability. By cutting off the main root, many new seedlings can be covered around the main root to increase coverage.
3. Planting density: After our research, it is suggested that the reasonable planting density of Lycium barbarum is 440 plants per mu. It can be cultivated reasonably according to the row spacing of 1.5 m and the plant spacing of 1 m, which will not affect the growth and fruit picking of Lycium barbarum and will not waste land resources.
4. Field management: combine weeding all year round, loosen the soil in time and water it appropriately according to the land situation. Full base fertilizer is applied in March every year, and scientific topdressing is carried out at the end of June and August. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the early stage, and phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied in the later stage.
5, plastic, pruning:
Black Lycium barbarum bears fruit in three years, and enters the full fruit stage in five years, and must be finalized three years before planting. In the year of planting, all branches are cut short at a height of about 30-40 cm, leaving 4-5 well-developed main branches as the first layer, and then leaving a layer every 30-40 cm, leaving 3-5 main branches on each layer. Finally, the whole tree is trimmed into an umbrella shape with three to four layers, and on this basis, it is properly trimmed and reshaped every year. After such pruning and shaping, each Lycium barbarum can have dozens of fruiting backbone branches, which can relatively maintain the yield. Pruning is very important to improve yield and cultivate large fruit Lycium barbarum.
6. Harvesting and processing: Harvesting of Lycium barbarum should be between awn seed and autumnal equinox. Pick ripe fruits in time and dry them in the shade or in the sun. Should not be exposed to the sun, so as to avoid excessive drying, be careful not to rub with your hands, so as not to affect the quality. When it is rainy in summer, it can be dried with warm fire.