morphological character
Phyllostachys pubescens, native to tropical America, is a perennial algae evergreen plant with large plants. Stems are like bamboo joints, stout and 7-8 meters long. The leaves are large and strange, heart-shaped when tender, and have no holes. When they grow up, there is an oval hole in the middle of the leaves, like the back of a turtle, hence the name Phyllostachys pubescens. A yellowish cylindrical fleshy inflorescence. Berries. The flowering period is from April to June. The fruit maturity is 10- 1 1 month. Its flowers and fruits can be eaten, and the fruit tastes particularly good, with hemp and pineapple flavors.
Habits and points of daily maintenance
Lei Zhuxi is warm and not cold-resistant. Its optimum growth temperature is 20-25℃, and it stops growing when it is lower than 5℃. Strong resistance to shade, fear of strong light, lax requirements for soil, loose and fertile sandy loam is the most suitable. I like humidity, the air humidity is high, but the upper cavity can't accumulate water. Spring to autumn is the peak period of growth, so we should pay attention to watering and apply NPK compound fertilizer 1 times = 2: 1: 1 every month. Remove old leaves and yellow leaves in time. If the plant shape is too large, strong shearing can be applied to make it grow new branches again. Less pests and diseases.
meaning
"Turtle" is a symbol of longevity, and bamboo is also regarded as an auspicious plant symbolizing health and longevity. Potted plants are a good way to bless the birthdays of elders.
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The leaves of Phyllostachys pubescens are novel and interesting, and the four seasons are evergreen, giving people a delicate, elegant and generous feeling. It is a good foliage plant, which can absorb and remove formaldehyde, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gases in the air, and has a strong role in purifying the air. When used in southern gardens or courtyards, it is suitable to be planted in cool places such as pools, rockeries, crevices and corners.
2.nandina domestica
morphological character
Nandina domestica is an evergreen shrub, which is native to the Yangtze River valley, Shaanxi, Guangxi and other places in China. Most of them are wild beside wet valleys, under sparse forests or shrubs on hillsides, and also distributed in Japan and India. Because of its lush foliage, tall and straight, bamboo-like style, it is named, and its plant height can reach 2-3 meters. The stem is erect, with few branches, the young branches are often red, and the old stems are light brown. The leaves are opposite, with 2-3 pinnate compound leaves, and all the feathers at all levels are opposite. The smallest feather has 3-5 leaflets, of which more than 3 leaflets; Leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, thinly leathery, tapering at the top, broadly cuneate at the base, entire, subsessile. Panicle terminal, 20-35 cm long; The flowers are small, white, and the sepals and petals are in multiple rounds. Berry is spherical, bright red, occasionally yellow, oblate, with 2 seeds inside. The flowering period is May-July, and the fruiting period is autumn and winter.
Habits and points of daily maintenance
Nandina domestica likes warmth, its growth temperature is 15-25℃, it is cold-resistant, and it can also withstand the low temperature around 10℃. Resistant to shade and direct sunlight, but it is appropriate to shade in summer; The cultivation environment should not be too cool, otherwise the growth will be poor, the stems will be thin and the leaves will be long, the plants will be loose, and it will be difficult to blossom and bear fruit. As a calcium indicator plant, I like loose, fertile loam or well-drained sandy soil. I like humidity, but I'm afraid of stagnant water. Pay attention to watering from spring to autumn, and apply NPK compound fertilizer every month = 1: 1: 1. When the fruit falls behind, it is necessary to cut off the stem to keep the plant in good condition; Cut off dead branches, weak branches and too dense branches when pruning at ordinary times; For perennial plants or tall plants, branches can be pruned again in early spring to germinate new branches, and the top can be picked in summer.
meaning
Nandina domestica is a folk auspicious plant, which means good luck and longevity. According to legend, Tang Yao, an ancient sage, traveled to Huazhou, and Chinese Indians wished him a long life, wealth and many children, hence the code name "Three Wishes of Chinese Seal". In folk auspicious paintings, there are patterns composed of southern pearl, two birds and two auspicious flowers. Bamboo is homophonic with "bamboo", which means "three wishes", that is, wishing to be rich, live longer and have more men. There are also patterns composed of Tianzhu, Narcissus, Ganoderma lucidum and Shoushi, taking the word "Tian" from Tianzhu, which means "Happy Birthday". Pumpkin and Catharanthus roseus are added to Tianzhu to form a pattern, which means "Changchun in heaven and earth" and "forever and ever". Folk also often cut fruit branches and put them into bottles during the Spring Festival, with wintersweet and pine branches, which is a metaphor for "three friends who are cold at three years old".
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Nandina domestica is cultivated in gardens south of the Yellow River and widely used in courtyards. Its trees are graceful, with tall and straight branches, slender branches and leaves, and the colors are red and green. When it bears fruit, it is round and bright, bright red and lovely, and will not fade for a long time. It is also a tree species with strong pollution resistance. When applied to gardens and courtyards, it is suitable for planting in shady rockeries and rocks, in front of walls, houses, corners, flower beds and flower paths.
3.pine trees
morphological character
Pine here refers to the general name of Pinus, and there are 22 species in China, which are widely distributed in factories. For evergreen trees or sparse shrubs, use resin. The bark is smooth or longitudinally split or flaky, and the branches can be divided into long branches and short branches. Long branches can grow indefinitely without green leaves, but they have scales. Branchlets are extremely underdeveloped, born in the axils of long-branched scaly leaves, with green needle-shaped leaves at the top. Cones are unisexual; Male cones are axillary and clustered at the base of young branches, most of which are spikes; Female cones are lateral or near terminal, solitary or in bundles. Cones are diverse in shape, symmetrical or oblique, pedunculate or sessile, and mature in the third year. Common tree species are Pinus massoniana, Pinus pentaphylla in Taiwan Province Province, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus elliottii, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus pentaphylla and Pinus armandii.
Habits and points of daily maintenance
The cold tolerance of pine trees is very strong, but the cold tolerance of different species is slightly different, so it is a strong positive plant. If it passes through the shade, it is not good for plant growth. The requirements for soil are not strict, and sandy soil with deep soil layer, good drainage and ventilation and rich organic matter is better. It can grow in dry stone crevices, has strong drought resistance, and is most afraid of damaging roots by waterlogging. Apply n: p: k = 1:1compound fertilizer every two months, and stop applying fertilizer in winter. Slow growth is a normal phenomenon, and pruning is generally not carried out (except for five-needle pine).
meaning
Pine is regarded as "the length of a hundred trees" in China, also known as "Mu Gong" and "Doctor", and it is an evergreen tree. As a representative of longevity, folk birthday greetings have the words "Happiness is like flowing water in the East China Sea, and longevity is better than longevity in the South Mountain". People also give pine trees a symbol of strong will and perseverance, and compare them with bamboo and plum as "three friends of the old cold". In auspicious paintings, pine trees are frequent visitors, such as Songhe Yannian, Baisong Changchun, Songju Yannian and Three Friends in Cold Year. And put pine branches, daffodils, plum blossoms, mental deficiency and other cluster bottles, named "Hu Xian Qing Ji". Pine trees are also considered as auspicious dreams, and there is also a saying among the people that "pine trees are lush and livable", which advocates planting pine and bamboo in the courtyard. At present, Pinus taiwanensis has been selected as a tree in Anhui Province.
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Pine trees are flourishing, the seasons are green and the frost and snow are proud. It is an important conifer species in landscaping, which has a wide range of pollution resistance and can absorb and resist harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. It can also secrete volatile substances, kill bacteria and effectively reduce the number of bacteria in the atmosphere. When used in gardens and courtyards, it is mainly used for solitary planting.
4. Ginkgo biloba
morphological character
Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree. Up to 40 meters. The bark of young trees is almost smooth and light gray; The bark is grayish brown, with irregular longitudinal cracks, long branches and slow-growing rectangular short branches. Leaves alternate, scattered radially on long branches, 3-5 pieces clustered on short branches, fan-shaped, light green on both sides, notched or 2-lobed on wide top edge, 5-8 cm wide, and slender petiole. Dioecious, sparsely coextensive, cones solitary in leaf axils of short branches; Male cones are inflorescence-shaped with many stamens; The stem of the female cone is very long, and the stem is often divided into two forks. Drupe has long peduncle, drooping, orange-yellow, oval, oblong obovate, ovoid or subglobose. It blooms in April-May and matures in September-65438+10. Generally, female plants begin to bear fruit in about 20 years, and trees that have been 500 years old can still bear fruit normally. Its varieties include yellow leaf ginkgo, tower ginkgo, split ginkgo, drooping ginkgo and spotted ginkgo.
Habits and points of daily maintenance
Ginkgo biloba has slow growth, long life and strong tillering ability in the early stage. Wild species are distributed in subtropical monsoon region, like warm and abundant sunshine, and can tolerate low leakage of 10℃ in winter. The requirements for the main soil are not strict, and the pH value can grow in the range of 4.5-8. The fertile, organic-rich, well-drained, neutral or slightly acidic deep loam is the most suitable. It likes the main soil to be moist, and it is more resistant to drought and water accumulation, and does not grow well in excessively dry places, rocky hillsides or places with low humidity. So pay attention to watering when the weather is dry. From the beginning of sprouting new branches and leaves in spring until defoliation in autumn, compound fertilizer of N: P: K =1:1:1can be applied every month, and fertilization is stopped during defoliation dormancy. There are few pests and diseases.
meaning
Ginkgo biloba first appeared in the Carboniferous more than 300 million years ago and was widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. The Quaternary Glacier Movement occurred 500,000 years ago, and Ginkgo biloba was extinct in most areas. Only Ginkgo biloba in China miraculously survived and became the oldest seed plant in relict plant. Extremely precious, it is known as "living fossil" and "panda in plant kingdom" and is listed as a national first-class protected wild plant. Ginkgo biloba has a long life and is listed as. In the famous mountains, rivers and ancient temples in China, you can often see tall and straight ancient ginkgo biloba. In Ding Lin Temple, there is a big ginkgo tree, which is said to have been planted in Shang Dynasty and has a history of more than 3,000 years. Locally, it is called "old sacred tree". Ginkgo biloba has strong vitality, long life and magnificent momentum. It is regarded as a symbol of health and longevity. There is a saying that "there is ginkgo in the house, and people live over 100 years old". Because of its many results, it also means that future generations are prosperous. Ginkgo biloba, also known as the "sacred tree", blooms at night and hides mysterious power. It is considered to have the functions of exorcism, exorcism and house-keeping. Many town houses are also engraved with ginkgo biloba. At present, Ginkgo biloba has been identified as a provincial tree in Jiangsu, and it has also been selected as a city tree in Chengdu, Sichuan, Ezhou, Hubei, Dandong, Liaoning and Fushun.
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Ginkgo tree is tall, with smooth and straight trunk, curved branches, graceful posture, green in spring and summer, golden in late autumn, and resistant to smoke, fire and toxic gases. It is an ideal tree species for landscaping in gardens and courtyard greening, and is usually planted singly or in pairs.
5. Bamboo and cypress
morphological character
Bamboo and cypress are evergreen trees, native to South China, Japan, Vietnam, Cambodia and other places. They are named because their leaves are shaped like bamboo and their trunks are like cypress trees. The plant height can reach 20 meters, DBH 80 cm, the bark is nearly smooth, reddish brown or dark red, and it is divided into small pieces; The branches extend outward and the crown is conical. Leaves alternate or nearly opposite, arranged in 2 rows, thick leathery, shiny, oblong, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic. Flowers dioecious; Male cones usually branch into spikes; Globular female flowers are usually solitary in leaf axils and sparsely axillary in pairs. The seeds are spherical with a diameter of 1.2- 1.5 cm. When mature, the aril is dark purple, with white powder and traces of bracts falling off. Flowering in March-April. Seeds 10- 1 1 mature.
Habits and points of daily maintenance
The most suitable annual average temperature of bamboo and cypress is 18-26℃, with strong cold resistance, and the extreme minimum temperature is -7℃. I like semi-yin. Yin grows 5-6 times faster than Yang. In the strong sunshine, the root neck will burn or die, and the requirements for soil are not strict. It is best to grow in deep, loose and moist sandy loam to light clay with deep humus. Sex likes humidity. When it is dry, you should pay attention to watering, but you can't accumulate water. From spring to autumn, apply compound fertilizer 1 times every month (N: P: K = 2: 1: 1), and do not apply fertilizer in winter. Proper shaping and pruning are carried out during the growing period to maintain a good crown shape and improve the ornamental value. Strong ability to resist pests and diseases.
meaning
Bamboo and cypress are ancient gymnosperms, which originated in Mesozoic Cretaceous about 654.38+55 million years ago. They are called "living fossils", precious and rare plants, and have the reputation of "diamonds in the plant world". Its longevity is regarded as a symbol of longevity, health and auspiciousness among the people, and it is also considered to ward off evil spirits. It is often planted in front of temples and homes.
App application
Bamboo cypress is a beautiful ornamental tree species, with straight trunk, beautiful tree shape, strange leaf shape, evergreen all the year round and shady leaves, which can absorb toxic gases such as chlorine, hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and vacuum. Bamboo and cypress trees are very suitable for gardens and courtyards. They can be planted alone or in the opposite place where strong sunlight can't be direct.
6. Catharanthus roseus
morphological character
Catharanthus roseus is native to South Asia, Southeast Africa and tropical America. It is a perennial herb or sub-shrub, usually cultivated as a biennial, with erect stems and many branches. The leaves are opposite, rectangular, entire, smooth and hairless on both sides, and the main veins are white and obvious; Petiole is short. Cymes are terminal, with rosy flowers, butterfly corolla, 5-lobed, and dark holes in the center of flowers. At present, the main cultivated varieties are hybrid varieties, which are purple, red and white, and also have white hearts. Cultivated in the open field in warm areas in winter, it can bloom all year round. Habits and points of daily maintenance
Catharanthus roseus likes warm to high temperature, the optimum temperature for its growth is 20-33℃, and it is not cold-resistant, so it can only be cultivated as an annual in cold regions in winter. Like sunny environment, when the sun is shining, the leaves are bright and bright; If there is insufficient light, the leaves will turn yellow, and the plants will grow tall and thin with few branches. Not strict with quality requirements, barren resistance. Sandy soil with rich humus and good drainage and ventilation is the best, but saline-alkali soil is not suitable. Good drought tolerance, like slightly dry air humidity, afraid of waterlogging and rain. Apply nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium =1:1:1:1times compound fertilizer every month. Seedlings should be cored 2-3 times to promote more side branches and flowers. Cut off the residual flowers and stems in time after flowering. Perennial plants will be dwarfed by strong shearing.
meaning
Catharanthus roseus symbolizes youth, health, longevity, loyalty and growing old together.
App application
Catharanthus roseus is cultivated and applied in the south of the Yangtze River in China. Beautiful posture and long flowering period are also one of the flowers that can resist air pollution. It has a strong absorption capacity for toxic gases such as chlorine, hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide. Very suitable for sunny gardens and courtyards. It can be planted in clumps or pieces, or decorated with rockery pools.
7.magnolia grandiflora
morphological character
Magnolia grandiflora, a deciduous tree, originated in Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places in China. Up to 5 meters. The bark is gray. Branchlets are purple-brown, with annular stipules, smooth and hairless, with white prominent lenticels. Winter buds have fine hairs, flower buds are large, and they are solitary at the top of branches. Simple leaves alternate; Leaves elliptic or obovate, apex acuminate, base cuneate, entire. In March, the first leaf of the flower is open, big and bell-shaped; The petals are purple outside and white inside. Aggregate fruit, oblong, light brown. Fruit: September -65438+ 10.
Habits and points of daily maintenance
Sanxi, Yu Zi, has a warm and humid climate, with a suitable growth temperature of 15-25℃, and poor growth at high temperature and high humidity. Good cold tolerance, can safely overwinter at about-65438 00℃. Like sunny environment, a little shade-tolerant. Suitable for fertile, well-drained acidic or neutral sandy soil, not tolerant to salt and alkali. Because it is a fleshy root system, it is not suitable for planting in low-lying areas and areas with high groundwater level. It is hot in summer and dry in autumn, so we should pay attention to watering, but we can't accumulate water. Plants like fertilizers, and the compound fertilizer of n: p: k =1:1:1can be applied every month. Young trees should pay attention to cutting off dead branches, horizontal branches and internal branches to make them ventilated, transparent and beautiful; But after reaching maturity, it will generally be trimmed and naturally formed. Less pests and diseases.
meaning
Magnolia grandiflora is also called "wooden pen", which means longevity. There are also flowers to repay one by one.
App application
Magnolia grandiflora is a famous ornamental tree species at home and abroad. In China, it has been widely planted in gardens for a long time. Now it is widely used in various provinces in the Yangtze River basin, and it can also be cultivated in the leeward and sunny places in the north. It is a famous ornamental flower in early spring. When it blooms, it is full of purple flowers, which are large and beautiful, fragrant, elegant and high in ornamental value. It has good absorption and resistance to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine gas and hydrogen fluoride in the air, and has good air purification effect. When used in gardens and courtyards, it can be planted alone, opposite or scattered in front of and behind buildings.