John gordon was born in 1933 in waverley, Surrey, England. 1960 received his Ph.D. from Oxford University, England, and later worked in California Institute of Technology. Since 1972, Gordon has been a professor of cell biology at the University of Cambridge, England, and the dean of Magdalene College of the University. Currently, he works at the Gordon Institution, which focuses on biological research at Cambridge University.
Shinya yamanaka 1962 was born in Osaka, Japan, and 1987 received a bachelor's degree in medicine from Kobe University, Japan. He was once a plastic surgeon. 1993 received his Ph.D. from Osaka University, and later worked in Gladstone Institute in San Francisco and Nara Institute of Science and Technology in Japan. He is now a professor at Kyoto University in Japan.
The results of the two scientists are related to the induction of pluripotent stem cells. This kind of cells, also known as iPS cells, are stem cells transformed from specific mature cells (mainly somatic cells) of animals after "programming" with inducers. It has similar functions to embryonic stem cells and other stem cells, and can develop into tissues and organs. At the same time, it avoids the ethical and legal obstacles faced by embryonic stem cell research, creates a general trend of life science research, and is an epoch-making achievement that is expected to be applied to regenerative medicine and pharmacy.