When converting raster data into vector data, discrete raster cells need to be converted into independently expressed point and line polygons, and the attributes of elements depend on the attributes of raster cells. The key of transformation is to correctly identify the boundary data unit nodes and corner data units of point data units, and carry out topological processing on the data units that constitute the elements.

To convert vector data into raster data, the spatial characteristics of vector data need to be converted into discrete grid units according to the set grid resolution, that is, map coordinates are converted into line numbers and column numbers of grid units, and the attributes of grid units are obtained by attribute assignment.

Raster data is easier to generate color-coded polygon maps, and vector data is easier to track boundaries.