Lighting temperature:
It is best to plant in spring in the north and autumn in the south. Ground planting should be selected with good drainage and strong water retention performance. Sandy loam rich in humus.
Camellia is a semi-negative flower, which needs to be shaded by a shed in summer. After beginning of autumn, the temperature dropped, and camellia entered the flower bud differentiation stage, so the whole plant should gradually receive sufficient light. In winter, it should be placed in a sunny place indoors. If the indoor light is too weak, camellia will grow poorly and be prone to pests and diseases. Camellia is a long-day plant. Flower buds can only be formed in the environment of day length 12 hours.
The optimum growth temperature is 18-25℃, and the optimum flowering temperature is 10-20℃. Above 35℃, the leaves will be burnt. It is not cold-tolerant. It should be indoors in winter, and the temperature should be kept at 3-5℃. It can tolerate the low temperature of-16℃ for a short time, but it cannot exceed 16℃ for a long time, otherwise it will promote germination and cause defoliation. The growing season should be placed in a semi-shady environment, and it is not suitable to accept too strong direct sunlight. Especially in summer and autumn, it should be shaded or placed in a cool place under a tree. Camellia likes warmth and is afraid of cold. The indoor temperature should not be lower than 5℃. If appropriate other measures are taken indoors at the temperature of 10℃ to 15℃, the Spring Festival can also bloom and the flowering period can last until March.
Water and fertilizer:
Camellia requires high fertilizer and water, and neutral and alkaline loam is not conducive to its growth. In the north, special attention should be paid to acidifying alkaline water before watering flowers. The specific method is to store tap water for 2 days to volatilize chlorine in the water, and then add an appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate (about 0.5% of water). Don't water too much, or the roots will rot easily. Pot soil can't be dry, otherwise the roots will shrink due to water loss, so it is advisable to keep the pot soil and surrounding environment moist. Don't spray water during flowering.
In winter, it is generally dry indoors, so we should often spray water on the leaves of camellia to form a humid microclimate. But avoid spraying water in rainy days. Don't spray water on the flowers when watering, otherwise it will cause the flowers to rot and shorten the flowering period. Pick the residual flowers in time after the flowers wither. Watering in winter depends on the indoor temperature, usually once every three days. Keep the soil moist, and avoid accumulating water or pouring half water. Tap water should be put in a bucket for a day or two to allow chlorine to evaporate. It is best to put 1% ferrous sulfate in the water to improve the water quality.
Camellia likes fat. Generally, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied at the bottom of the basin when putting or changing the basin. In autumn and winter, due to the rapid development of flower buds, decomposed light liquid fertilizer should be poured once a week and topdressing 1 to 2 times of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Too much nitrogen fertilizer is easy to scorch the flower buds, and it can be applied less or not after flowering. It is best to apply thin alum fertilizer and water to avoid applying thick fertilizer. Generally, after germination in spring, dilute fertilizer water is applied 65,438+0 times every 65,438+07 days, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied in summer, and fertilizer can be stopped for about 65,438+0 months in early autumn, then alum fertilizer water is applied before flowering, and quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied when flowering, so that the flowers are bright in color and have a long flowering period.
Plastic decoration:
Camellia planted on the ground mainly prunes dead branches, weak branches, cross branches and over-dense branches, which obviously affects the branches of trees and sparse redundant buds. Besides the above work, potted camellia should be pruned according to personal preference, but it is not suitable for re-pruning because of its weak growth potential.
Flowering control:
Because camellia is not cold-tolerant, delayed flowering is not commonly used. Generally, the flowering period is controlled by variety selection, temperature control and hormone treatment. In order to make camellia blossom in the 11th, we can dip 0. 1% gibberellin in the bud with a brush in mid-July or early August, and apply it 1 time every three days to achieve normal fertilizer and water management. It depends on the growth of flower buds in September to decide whether to coat them. If it is estimated that the "Eleventh" flowering is unsafe, we can increase the number of flower buds, increase the amount of fertilizer and water, promote the rapid growth of flower buds and make the "Eleventh" flowering visible.
Extended data:
Greening;
Camellia can be combined with other plants in urban green space, parks, residential quarters, city squares, flower beds and green belts as long as the requirements for water and soil are paid attention to. When camellia is in full bloom and full of trees, it will be a great finishing touch. ?
Garden;
Camellia is most suitable for landscaping. In terms of cultural connotation, it is a traditional Ruihua Jiamu and an auspicious happy tree. From the morphological point of view, camellia is evergreen all the year round and has a moderate tree shape, which is suitable for ground planting, potted plants and flower beds. However, the types of tea trees in Nanshan, Yunnan need a large courtyard space to be planted easily, so they are mostly planted in temples and academies. Dali Bai people, every family has running water, and every family raises flowers. First, they must grow camellias, but mainly in pots or pots. ?
exhibit
Camellia can form the theme of the spring flower show and is very popular. Hangzhou, Kunming, Dali, Chengdu, Wenzhou and other places have agreed to become a custom, and camellia has also become the theme of the annual flower show. Flower shows usually choose venues that are conducive to camellia exhibitions, mainly potted flowers, organize exhibitions in indoor and outdoor exhibition areas, and hold camellia academic conferences. ? [ 10]?
Special garden;
In the research departments of plants or horticulture at home and abroad, in the relevant garden scenic spots, special gardens of Camellia plants are often set up according to the conditions, which are used for the taxonomy, ecology and horticulture research of Camellia plants, and most of them have the function of opening exhibitions.
China is famous for its mountainous tea gardens in Kunming Institute of Botany, with many varieties, high age and large scale. The alpine tea garden in Jin Dian Garden and Botanical Garden is larger and has become the first-class alpine tea garden in Yunnan. There are a large number of private mountain tea gardens in the ancient city of Dali, among which Yangjiayuan and its neighboring Zhao Jia Garden are the most famous, and the latter was transformed into Dali Camellia oleifera variety base in 1986.
In East China, there are many kinds of camellias and camellias in mountain tea gardens in Hangzhou Botanical Garden, subtropical forestry research institute of Chinese Academy of Forestry in Fuyang, Zhejiang, Nanchang Forestry Institute in Jiangxi and Changsha Forestry Institute in Hunan, as well as tea gardens in Wenzhou and international camellia species garden in Juma Township, Jinhua. Camellia japonica protected areas and variety gardens established in Nanning, Guilin and other places in Guangxi are also quite large. ?
Landscape area;
It refers to the macroscopic scene of large-scale camellia natural community or cultivated community, such as the spectacular scene of safflower camellia forest blooming on the east slope of Gaoligong Mountain in Tengchong, Yunnan, the magical landscape of Guangxi camellia reserve, the blooming scenery of large camellia forests in Jiangxi and Hunan, and the exotic island camellia ecological landscape on the coastal islands of Shandong Peninsula, which are all places that camellia workers yearn for. ? [ 10]?
Medical use;
The medicinal value of camellia was first seen in Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty. Wu, a famous doctor in Qingganlong, has recorded in detail in New Materia Medica: "Camellia is slightly pungent, sweet and cool, and cools blood. It is used to treat intestinal wind, vomiting and bleeding, and the soup is burned in the fire (sesame oil smear). " The hair of children and women is straight, and they are mixed at the end of the study. "
Wu (1849) wrote in Volume 35 of Textual Research on Plant Names: "Camellia, the compendium of materia medica, is the materia medica for famine relief. Its leaves are edible and used as tea. Single petal is used to extract oil, planted in mountainous areas. Flower cures blood syndrome. "
In the southwest of China, people often use camellia buds as medicine, and regard camellia as medicinal camellia. Other camellias have similar functions. Camellia contains astringents such as anthocyanins and anthocyanins, which have the functions of stopping bleeding, removing blood stasis and reducing swelling. Mainly used for hemoptysis, nosebleed, gastrointestinal bleeding, uterine bleeding, burns, traumatic injuries, traumatic bleeding. Soak the wine into Camellia wine, or add Camellia glutinous rice porridge when cooking glutinous rice porridge to treat dysentery.
References:
Camellia-Baidu Encyclopedia