Double glass hibiscus flowers: straight branches, double petals, sky blue.
Double fuchsia hibiscus: petals are fuchsia or white, double.
Hibiscus maculata: The leaves have white spots, and the flowers are purple, double. Commonly used cutting and sowing propagation, mainly cutting, mostly in early spring or rainy season, but also in late autumn and early winter, are very easy to take root and survive. Especially in the root of the mother plant, cultivate the soil to make it grow more branches. After the bud length is 1 ~ 2 years, some roots are dug and transplanted, and cutting is easier to survive. Before germination in spring, cut the branches into 20-25 cm long and plant them in the sand bed for about 30 days. Sowing: After the single-petalled hibiscus bears fruit, it is dried and stored until sowing in the next spring, and germinates about 20 days after sowing.
1, cutting seedlings
Hibiscus is often propagated by cutting because of its high survival rate and easy availability of cutting materials. Cutting seedling should be carried out before the germination of branches and leaves in early spring. Healthy plants without pests and diseases should be selected as mother plants. Before the mother tree germinates, the middle and upper branches of 1-2 years old with a diameter above 1 cm are selected as propagation materials (the selection of propagation materials can also be combined with early spring crown pruning), and the branches are cut into branches with a length of 15-20 cm, and soaked in clear water for 4-20 cm. Before transplanting, adjust the seedbed, the width of the border is 130 cm, and the height is 25 cm. Apply 6 kg of manure per square meter, 0.5 kg of burnt soil/kloc-0, and 75 g of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus as base fertilizer. Cutting requires a trench depth of 15 cm, a trench spacing of 20-30 cm, a plant spacing of 8- 10 cm, the upper end of the cutting exposed to the ground for 3-5 cm or a cutting burial depth of 2/3. After the cuttings are inserted, compact the soil and water it in time. Cutting seedlings generally take root and germinate around 1 month, and they can be planted by using heat preservation and warming facilities such as plastic greenhouses or cutting seedlings after defoliation in autumn. Soak the cuttings in NAA solution of100-200mg/L for18-24h, insert them into sand bed, water them in time, cover them with plastic film, and keep the temperature at 18℃.
Because the cutting of hibiscus is easy to take root, when the cultivation amount is small, it can be planted directly in the planting hole according to the cultivation density without transplanting. You can also use long branches to directly insert into the soil for cultivation, and the depth should be more than 20 cm to prevent shallow lodging and drought damage.
2. Planting hibiscus does not require high soil, and it can be planted in the open space, hillside and corner wasteland in front of and behind the house.
It can also be used as a hedge to plant in a single row around vegetable fields and orchards, or planted in pieces for professional production.
Hibiscus is a perennial shrub, which grows fast and can be planted 1 year and harvested for many years. In order to obtain higher yield and facilitate field management and flower harvesting, single row ridge cultivation can be adopted, with ridge spacing of 1 10- 120 cm, plant spacing of 50-60 cm, and planting holes or ditches in the middle of the ridge. When transplanting hibiscus, when planting in planting ditch or planting ditch, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. Generally, farmyard manure such as garbage soil or decomposed manure is mainly used, and a small amount of compound fertilizer is applied. Transplanting and planting should be carried out during seedling dormancy or rainy growing season. When transplanting, cut off some branches and leaves to survive. After planting, water 1 time should be poured to keep the soil moist until it survives. 1, trunk open pruning
For the upright hibiscus, the head often grows on the head, the branches in the crown are crowded, the effective space occupied by the branches is small, and the flowering part is easy to move outward, forming a light-transmitting phenomenon at the base, which can be gradually transformed into a gratifying shape. The main pruning methods are as follows: first, reasonably choose to keep the main branches and side branches, and sparse the redundant main branches and side branches in batches, so that the distribution of the main branches and side branches is reasonable and the density is moderate, but not too many branches can be thinned within one year; Second, the main branches and lateral branches should shrink again, the new branches should have a larger angle and a positive direction, and the peripheral branches should be reasonably thinned to facilitate ventilation and light transmission; Third, the annual strong flower branches are released slowly without cutting, and the middle and short branches are left to bloom, and the perennial branches with thin cavities are constantly retracted and updated, and the middle flower branches are short at the branch ends; Fourth, the peripheral branches are cut short and the outer buds are left. Generally, three robust branches can be sent out, the competitive branches of the branches are removed, the others are slowed down, and then retracted and cultivated into a branch group.
2. Cluster pruning
For open hibiscus flowers, there are often too many main branches, the peripheral branches droop prematurely, and the vertical branches in the inner cavity are numerous and messy. Pruning methods mainly include: sprouting upright branches on the inner room, generally thinning, and space is available, but generally short pruning is not needed to prevent too many branches from disturbing the tree shape. The inner branches and other branches become thinner from vigorous branches, and the strong flower branches increase and contract in time after being slowly released, and then release and contract. By this method, the proportion of medium and short flower branches is increasing.
① Fertilizer and water management. When the branches begin to sprout, topdressing should be done in time, focusing on quick-acting fertilizers to promote nutritional growth; Topdressing 1-2 times phosphorus and potassium fertilizer before budding to promote plant budding; During the flowering period of 65438+1October from May to June, weeding and soil improvement were combined with topdressing twice, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main component and nitrogen fertilizer as the auxiliary component to maintain the flower quantity and tree vigor; Weeding and clearing the garden in winter dormancy period, ditching or digging holes around the plants for fertilization, mainly farm manure, supplemented by appropriate inorganic compound fertilizer, to supply nutrients needed for growth and flowering in the coming year. In long-term dry and rainy weather, we should pay attention to irrigation, and when there is too much rain, we should drain water to prevent waterlogging.
② plastic trimming. Newly planted hibiscus plants are small, so they can be allowed to grow or lightly pruned in the first 1-2 years, that is, pruning dead branches, weak branches of diseases and pests and declining branches in autumn and winter. When the tree grows up, the hibiscus plants should be pruned, and it should be done after the leaves fall in autumn. According to the different degree of opening of hibiscus branches, it can be divided into upright type and open type. Erect hibiscus branches have small incident angle, nearly erect, strong germination ability, relatively poor branching ability and are not tolerant to long-term growth. It can be cultivated and transformed into a tree with non-layered trunk, with 3-4 main branches left on the trunk and the rest sparse, and each main branch can leave 1-2 side branches, which is called the trunk happy shape. The pruning methods mainly include: first, reasonably select and keep the main branches and side branches, and sparse the redundant main branches and side branches in batches to make the distribution of main branches and side branches reasonable and the density moderate; The second is to shrink the main branches and side branches again; Thirdly, after flowering, the 1 year-old strong flower branches are released slowly without pruning, and all the sprouting strong branches and strong flower branches are thinned in the second year, which can effectively adjust the branch potential and promote the quality of flower buds; Slow down, then retract, and cultivate into branches. The branch angle of open-branch hibiscus is large, and the branches are open, which is thicker than the branches of upright hibiscus, and can be cultivated into tufted shrubs. In open hibiscus flowers, there are often too many main branches, the peripheral branches droop prematurely, and the vertical branches in the inner cavity are too many and messy. There are few diseases and insect pests in the growth period of hibiscus, and the main diseases are anthracnose, leaf blight and powdery mildew. The main pests are red spiders, aphids, moths, noctuids, longicorn beetles and so on. When pests and diseases occur, the branches of pests and diseases can be cut off, and safe, efficient and low-toxic pesticides can be used for spray control or trapping. It is necessary to pay attention to early prevention and control, avoid applying pesticides during flowering and harvesting, and ensure that the harvested hibiscus flowers are not contaminated by pesticides.
Common leaf spot and rust are sprayed with 600 times of 65% zineb wettable powder. Pests include whitefly and scarab, mainly aphids, inchworm and leaf roller moth, and 40% omethoate EC can be sprayed 1000 times. The environmentally safe pest control method is to use diluted detergent.
The poem "Hibiscus Flower" by Li Shangyin, a poet in Tang Dynasty;
The wind is bleak and the autumn colors are colorful.
Poor glory is due to fainting.
3,000 women in Weiyang Palace,
But protect Mo Baoen's beauty.
The poet used hibiscus flowers to describe the decline of beauty. The first sentence shows that hibiscus is still in full bloom in windy and bleak autumn, and the word "sadness" is used to strengthen the bleak atmosphere, which means that all flowers have withered. It means that hibiscus blooms in sad autumn. The second sentence is a little more pity for hibiscus flowers. The poem "Meng Jiao Dongye Collection" says: The villain is in love, and dusk does not exist.
Hibiscus blooms early and withers late, because it is used to describe a changeable heart. Furong's flower language is "tough, simple, eternal and beautiful", so it is also rated as the national flower of Korea.
Gentle persistence
The hibiscus blooms and falls at dusk, but every time it fades, it is for the sake of a more brilliant next time.
Just like the sun keeps setting and rising, just like spring comes to Qiu Lai, and the seasons rotate, but it is endless.
More like loving someone, there will be low tide and disturbance, but those who know how to love will still insist gently. Because they understand that ups and downs are inevitable, but nothing will make them shake their original choice and their faith in love will never change.