Gardenia cultivation method 1, soil. Gardenia likes to grow in acidic soil with more humus. Humic soil 4 parts, vegetable garden soil 4 parts, soybean meal (decomposed) 1 part, river sand 1 part, with good water permeability and air permeability, and mixed with 0.5% black alum or sulfur.
2. temperature. The optimum growth and development temperature of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is 20-25℃, and the suitable flowering temperature is 26-28℃. After 4-5 years' cultivation, the plant can endure short-term low temperature of -3℃, and when the temperature is lower than -5℃, it will suffer from freezing injury, the leaves will fall off after blackening, and the young branches will freeze to death. In winter, the indoor curing temperature should be 6- 10℃, and the lowest temperature should not be lower than 0℃. If the room temperature is higher than 15℃, it is necessary to open the doors and windows facing south and ventilate properly to cool down, otherwise it will easily cause germination, and it will suffer when it meets low temperature, which is extremely unfavorable for the growth and flowering of the next year.
3. Lighting. Gardenia likes plenty of sunshine, especially in spring and autumn, and should be given more than 8 hours of sunshine every day, otherwise it will be unfavorable to its growth and development and wintering in winter. Avoid strong light at noon in summer, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow, and should be maintained in astigmatism, with a light transmittance of 40-50%. In winter, it is placed indoors in Nanyang.
4. Fertilize. Gardenia is not a flower that loves fertilization very much, but because of its vigorous growth and limited nutrients in the basin soil, it is necessary to supplement fertilizers reasonably during the growing period. Apply decomposed human excrement or cake fertilizer once every 10 day, stop watering 1 day before fertilization, and water 1 time at the same time on the day of fertilization. Fertilization was stopped in mid-September. For adult plants, sesame paste residue should be applied again in mid-June and mid-August, with 0.5- 1 2 each time, and thoroughly mixed with topsoil after crushing.
5. water. Gardenia likes water. Some people call it that? Gardenia? . In spring, due to the strong wind, windy, dry air and scarce rainfall, water every three days, and sprinkle water around potted flowers every morning and evening to improve air humidity. It's hot after summer, so water less in the morning and then water it after two o'clock in the afternoon. Soft water should be used for irrigation in summer, because there are many calcium and magnesium salts in hard water, which is very unfavorable to the growth of gardenia, from yellowing of branches and leaves to rapid death. In order to overcome the alkalinity of soil and water quality, alum fertilizer water is poured once a week in the growing season to keep the branches and leaves of gardenia green. Water should be controlled in winter, and long-term high water content is easy to cause root rot and death.
6. Choose your heart. In order to control the growth of gardenia, make the plant beautiful and promote flowering, when the vigorous growth will stop in spring, the top of new branches will be picked to promote the fullness of axillary buds and the formation of flower buds at the base of branches.
Propagation and cutting methods of gardenia jasminoides Ellis
Gardenia branches take root easily. Warm land in the south is often cut in March-65438+10, and warm land in the north is often cut in May-June. Cutting strong and mature branches into sand beds can easily take root and survive as long as they are kept moist. Water cuttings are far superior to soil cuttings, and the survival rate is close to 65,438+0,000%. Cuttings were cut from April to July, only the top two leaves and terminal buds were kept, and they were inserted in a container filled with clear water, and the water was often changed to avoid the incision from rotting. After 3 weeks, the cuttings began to take root.
layerage
Generally, it is carried out around Tomb-Sweeping Day in April or in rainy season. In April, select 1 year-old robust branches from 3-year-old mother plants, which are 25 ~ 30 cm long, and press them to the ground, which will cut off the buried parts of the branches. If the cut part can be soaked in 200ppm powdered acetic acid and then covered with soil for compaction, it will be easier to take root. If there are three branches, you can take three seedlings at a time at the fork. Generally, it takes 20 ~ 30 days to take root. After taking root in June, it can be separated from the mother plant, and it can be planted separately or individually with soil in the next spring.
It is better to transplant seedlings or potted plants in spring, and soil balls are needed in rainy season. Keep the soil moist during the growing period, and water it more during flowering and midsummer. Apply fertilizer 1 time every month, and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1 time before flowering. Prune and reshape in early spring of the following year, and cut off dead branches and long branches in time.
Sowing method
Generally, mature fruits with full and deep red colors are selected and dried or dried as seeds. Before sowing, cut off the peel of seeds with scissors, dig out the seeds, rub them in hot water to remove floating seeds or impurities, then take out the sunken full seeds, spread them on bamboo mats, and put them in a ventilated place to dry excess water. Generally, sandy loam with deep, loose and fertile soil layer is selected for sowing, which can be planted in the corner of ridge or interplanted with leguminous plants. Before planting, plow the land 1 ~ 1.5 feet, remove the miscellaneous tree pockets, and press the width of 4 ~ 5 feet (if the soil is good, the distance can be larger, otherwise it will be smaller), and the border will be 6 inches high. Soil miscellaneous fertilizer, green manure or human and animal manure can be used as base fertilizer, for example, human manure can be applied per mu. Seeding furrows are opened in the border with a row spacing of 6-7 inches and a depth of about 65438 0 inches.
Gardenia can be planted in spring or autumn, usually in spring. Spring sowing is around the rain, and autumn sowing is around the autumnal equinox. Mix the seeds with fire ash, spread them evenly in the sowing ditch, then cover the flat sowing ditch with fine soil or fire soil, cover the grass and spray water, and keep the soil moist frequently to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, and use 4-6 kilograms of seeds per mu. Pay attention to weeding in time after emergence, weeding frequently at seedling stage, and be careful not to damage the root system of seedlings. After weeding, it is necessary to chase human excrement and urine, and it will take one year to transplant seedlings. If the transportation is far away, it is advisable to use yellow mud to fluidize the roots, cover with grass to keep moisture, plant one plant in each hole, cover with soil, compact and spray water. After planting, weeding and topdressing can be done once a year in spring and summer, and human and animal manure, manure, compost and cake fertilizer can be applied. Before flowering in summer, it is best to apply fertilizer with more phosphorus and potassium content, and fertilization is generally carried out after weeding and loosening the soil.
Introduction to Gardenia Gardenia (scientific name: Gardenia), also known as Gardenia and Gardenia, belongs to Rubiaceae of Gentianaceae. Belonging to Rubiaceae, it is an evergreen shrub with lush foliage, evergreen leaves and fragrant flowers. It is an important garden ornamental plant. Besides ornamental, its flowers, fruits, leaves and roots can all be used as medicine, which has the effects of purging fire, removing annoyance, clearing away heat and diuresis, cooling blood and detoxifying. The leaves are opposite or trifoliate, and the leaves are obovate, leathery, green and shiny. Berries are oval, yellow or orange. I like a well-lit and well-ventilated environment, but I want to avoid strong light.
Mainly distributed in Guizhou, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hunan, Hubei and other places. Like warm and humid, like sunshine, cold-resistant, semi-cloudy, afraid of stagnant water, loose, fertile, acidic sandy loam, leaves easy to yellow, native to China.