Knee joint replacement is a complicated operation, which is generally suitable for patients with severe osteoarthritis. The operation steps of knee replacement are as follows: the patient takes the supine position and routinely disinfects the affected limb. Take a median incision, generally 5cm above the patella and 5-7cm below the patella, cut the skin about 12cm in the middle, then cut the subcutaneous fascia along the patella and turn the patella over. Clean up the free body in the joint and take out the damaged meniscus, locate the femur and tibia, and perform anterior and posterior femoral osteotomy, tibial external rotation osteotomy and platform osteotomy. Prosthetic model test: After the model test, install the model test. After the activity, install bone cement, place artificial prosthesis, and finally close the wound.

At present, knee joint replacement is divided into single condyle replacement, total condyle replacement, total knee joint replacement and total knee joint replacement with patella. Its purpose is to remove the damaged part of the knee joint and replace it with a metal prosthesis to achieve the purpose of relieving pain. Knee joint replacement is a kind of soft tissue balancing operation, which is not only used for osteotomy to replace metal prosthesis, but also for loosening the soft tissue around the knee joint, so as to achieve the balance between the line of force of the knee joint and the surrounding soft tissue, and create favorable conditions for better functional exercise and rehabilitation after knee joint surgery and the preservation of knee joint function after surgery. At present, knee replacement is a mature operation, and the operation methods are basically the same. The difference may be that different prostheses need to be selected for replacement.

The general selection principle is that the younger you are, the more inclined you are to choose ceramic-to-ceramic or metal-to-metal friction surfaces. For example, patients under the age of 60 are expected to live more than 30 years in the future, so slow-wearing joint friction surfaces should be used. Patients aged 50~70 years are expected to have about 30 years to go, so it is more appropriate to choose ceramics for the friction surface of polyethylene plastic. For patients over 70 years old, the life expectancy is generally less than 30 years, so the metal-to-plastic friction surface can meet the needs of the rest of their lives.

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