market prospect
At present, the planting scale of golden pear is small and the total output is small. With the development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the consumption demand is increasing day by day, and its rich nutritional value is paid more and more attention. At present, the cultivation of golden pear is still in the early stage of development, which has considerable development potential and market.
Income analysis
Benefit accounting of building 1 mu pear orchard;
◆ Input
The plant spacing is set at 3m× 4m, and 56 plants are planted per mu, with the investment of 450 yuan, fertilizer and labor 1.05 yuan, and the total investment 1.05 yuan.
◆ Output
Young golden pear trees have strong growth potential, axillary bud fruiting characteristics, early fruiting and less pollen, so pollination trees are needed. Seedlings begin to bear fruit about 2 years after transplantation. Under general cultivation conditions, the pear yield per mu can reach 600 kg in the third year, per mu 1.200 kg in the fourth year, and the high-yield period is in the fifth year. The yield of fresh pears can reach 2000 kilograms per mu, with an output value of more than 20,000 yuan per mu.
◆ Income
In the third year, if the yield per mu is 600 kg and pear 16 yuan/kg, the yield per mu will be 600×16-1500 = 9600-1500 = 8100 yuan;
In the fourth year, the yield per mu is 1200 kg and pear 16 yuan/kg, and the yield per mu is1200×16-1050 =18150 yuan.
In the fifth year and beyond, if the yield per mu is 2,000 kg and pear 12 yuan/kg, the yield per mu will be 2,000×12-1050 = 22,950 yuan.
expert opinion/advice
1. Choose a place with deep soil layer, good air permeability, high organic matter content and convenient watering. Where the soil is thick and the fertility is thin, it is not suitable for planting.
2. Natural spindle-shaped multi-main branches and "Y" shape should be adopted for tree shaping and pruning. After the first year of planting, only 65,438+0 ~ 2 branches often appear, so it is necessary to pick the core to promote the branches. Before that winter, competing branches, clustered branches, crossed branches, etc. Should be thinned, the trunk should be cut short appropriately, and the rest branches should be cut lightly or not as far as possible to increase the amount of branches and leaves. Young trees show strong branches and should be hung in time to avoid being broken by fruit pressure or wind. At the same time, with the expansion of the crown and the increase of fruit, the intensity of short cutting can be increased year by year to control the outward migration of the fruit part, so that there are enough new branches every year to achieve high and stable yield year by year.
3. The pollination tree configuration of "Golden Pear" is a variety with no pollen or very little pollen. When building a garden, we should choose a well-configured pollination tree with a ratio of 5.8∶ 1. The local pollination trees are mainly round yellow and abundant water, and the economic benefits of these two varieties are also high. The flowering period is the same as that of "Golden Pear", and it is appropriate to allocate about 20% of the total number of plants in the whole garden.
4. Flower thinning and fruit thinning should be carried out in the early stage of flower bud expansion or combined with pruning. Fruit thinning should be completed within half a month after fruit setting, leaving only 1 fruit per inflorescence. In the specific operation, we should follow the principle of keeping more prosperous trees, less weak trees and less fruits.
5. Fertilizer and water management: From June 5,438+10 to mid-October165,438+10, sufficient base fertilizer was applied, mainly organic fertilizer, and 50 kg organic fertilizer was applied to each plant with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The fertilization pit is dug at the periphery of the planting pit, with a depth of 50-60 cm and a width of 50 cm. Topdressing is applied in 3-4 times, the first time is pre-flowering fertilizer, which is applied before germination 10- 15 days, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, with 200-250g nitrogen fertilizer applied to each adult tree and100g nitrogen fertilizer applied to each young tree; Apply the second fertilizer before flower bud differentiation, mainly ternary compound fertilizer, and apply 300 ~ 500 grams of compound fertilizer to each plant; Fertilize for the third time in July to promote fruit growth and improve quality. Potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer, with phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer 100 ~ 200 grams per plant; After the fourth harvest, fertilizer is mainly used to restore tree vigor, improve leaf function, increase tree storage nutrition, promote flower bud development and prevent early defoliation. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and each plant is about 65,438+000g. Pear trees need a lot of water during their growth. When there is more rain in spring or rainy season, the pear orchard should be drained in time to avoid water accumulation and root rot. In case of long-term drought or high temperature in midsummer during the growing season, pear orchards should be irrigated and cultivated.