Metallurgical industry is used to calling iron, chromium, manganese and their alloys (mainly alloy steel and steel) ferrous metals. In fact, pure iron and chromium are silvery white, and manganese is silvery gray. They are called ferrous metals because the surface of steel is often covered with a layer of black ferroferric oxide, while manganese and chromium are mainly used for smelting alloy steel, so people call iron, chromium, manganese and their alloys ferrous metals. In addition, people specially classify these three metals and their alloys as one category, while all other metals and alloys are classified as non-ferrous metals, because steel occupies an extremely important position in the national economy and is one of the important symbols to measure a country's national strength; Its output accounts for about 95% of the world's total metal output. Of all metals, chromium is the hardest and the most difficult to corrode. People often mix chromium into steel to make hard and corrosion-resistant chromium steel. Chrome steel is a good material for construction machinery, gun barrels, tanks and armored vehicles. Adding more than 12% chromium and a certain amount of nickel in steelmaking can smelt stainless steel. Chromium is also an essential metal for electroplating (commonly known as cromet). Hard and tough manganese steel can be produced by adding about 13% manganese in steelmaking. People use manganese steel to make buckets of steel mills, ball bearings, bulldozers and excavators and other parts that are easy to wear. High manganese steel is also used to make helmets, tank armor and armor-piercing projectiles.

black metal

ironstone

China is a country rich in iron ore resources and low in iron grade. At present, there are 1834 mining areas with proven reserves, with a total ore reserve of 46.3 billion tons, ranking fifth in the world. Except Shanghai and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, iron ore is distributed all over the country, with the most abundant resources in Northeast China and North China, followed by Southwest China and Central South China. As far as provinces (regions) are concerned, Liaoning ranks first in proven reserves, followed by Hebei, Sichuan, Shanxi, Anhui, Yunnan and Inner Mongolia. China's iron ore is dominated by lean ore, with less rich ore, and the rich ore reserves account for 2.53% of the total reserves, which are only found in Shilu, Hainan and Daye, Hubei. According to the opinions of Cheng and others, there are mainly magmatic iron mines related to the intrusion of iron-based and ultrabasic magma, such as Panzhihua Iron Mine in Sichuan. Contact metasomatic-hydrothermal iron deposits related to intermediate-acid magma intrusion, such as Daye, Hubei, Makeng, Fujian and Huanggang, Inner Mongolia. Iron ore related to neutral sodium or metasodium volcanic-intrusive activities, such as Ningwu iron mine in Jiangsu and Anhui and Dahongshan iron mine in Yunnan; Sedimentary hematite and siderite deposits such as hematite in western Hubei, western Jiangxi and eastern Hunan; Metamorphic sedimentary iron ore, such as Anshan iron ore and Jidong iron ore; Weathered residual iron ore, such as Dabaoshan in Guangdong and Guanyinshan in Guizhou. Metamorphic sedimentary magnetite distributed in northeast China and North China is the most important genetic type of iron ore. Although the iron content of this type of iron ore is low (about 35%), its reserves are large, accounting for about half of the total reserves in China, and its beneficiation performance is good. After mineral processing, the concentrate containing more than 65% iron can be obtained. From the metallogenic age, iron ore was formed from Proterozoic to Cenozoic, but Proterozoic power is the most important.

Manganese ore

Manganese ore resources in China are rich and widely distributed, with 2 1 province (area) in China. There are 2 13 mining areas with proven reserves, with a total ore reserve of 566 million tons, ranking third in the world. There are few manganese-rich ores in China, accounting for only 6.4% of the reserves. In terms of regional distribution, Guangxi and Hunan are the most abundant, accounting for 55% of the country's total reserves; Guizhou, Yunnan, Liaoning, Sichuan and other places followed closely. According to the genetic types of deposits, sedimentary manganese ores are the main types, such as Xia Lei manganese ore in Guangxi, Zunyi manganese ore in Guizhou, Xiangtan manganese ore in Hunan, Wafangzi manganese ore in Liaoning and Leping manganese ore in Jiangxi. Second, volcanic-sedimentary deposits, such as the Motosala iron-manganese deposit in Xinjiang; Metamorphic deposits, such as Huya manganese mine in Sichuan; Hydrothermal transformation of manganese deposits, such as Ma Lishan manganese mine in Hunan Province; Supergene manganese ore, such as Qinzhou manganese ore in Guangxi. From the metallogenic age, manganese deposits were formed from Proterozoic to Quaternary, among which Sinian and Devonian are the most important.

chrome ore

China's chrome ore resources are relatively poor, and from the point of meeting the demand, it is in short supply. Total ore reserves/kloc-0.078 million tons, of which rich ore accounts for 53.6%. There are 56 chromium mines in Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other 13 provinces (regions), mainly in Tibet, accounting for about half of the national reserves. China chromium deposit is a typical magmatic deposit related to ultrabasic rocks, most of which belong to ophiolite type, and the deposit occurs in ophiolite belt. Both Luobusa chrome mine in Tibet and Sarthou chrome mine in Xinjiang belong to this category. Judging from the metallogenic age, the formation age of chromium ore in China is mainly Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

Titanium ore

Titanium ores in China are distributed in 10 provinces. Titanium ore is mainly titanium ore, rutile and ilmenite in vanadium-titanium magnetite. Titanium in vanadium-titanium magnetite is mainly produced in Panzhihua, Sichuan. Rutile ore mainly occurs in Hubei, Henan, Shanxi and other provinces. Ilmenite is mainly produced in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces (regions). The titanium dioxide reserves of ilmenite are 357 million tons, ranking first in the world. The main type of titanium ore deposit is magmatic vanadium-titanium magnetite, followed by placer. Judging from the metallogenic age, primary titanium ore was mainly formed in Paleozoic, while placer ore was mainly formed in Cenozoic.

navajoite

China is rich in vanadium resources, with a total V2O5 reserve of 2.596 billion tons, ranking third in the world. Vanadium ore mainly occurs in magmatic vanadium-titanium magnetite deposits and exists in the form of associated minerals. As an independent deposit, vanadium ore is mainly Cambrian black shale type vanadium ore. Vanadium ore is widely distributed, with proven reserves 19 provinces (regions), and Sichuan's vanadium reserves rank first in the country, accounting for 49% of the total reserves; Hunan, Anhui, Guangxi, Hubei, Gansu and other provinces (regions) followed closely. Vanadium titanomagnetite is mainly distributed in Panzhihua-Xichang area, Sichuan, and black shale type vanadium ore is mainly distributed in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi. The metallogenic age of vanadium ore is mainly Paleozoic, and a small amount of vanadium ore is also produced in other geological ages.

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