1) Irrigation and drainage

Various trees have different ecological habits and characteristics. To make the trees grow strong and give full play to the greening effect, it is necessary to create enough space for the trees to meet their needs. The living conditions must meet its water needs. It can neither suffer from drought due to lack of water nor suffer from flooding due to excessive water.

1. Irrigation

The water required for tree growth is mainly absorbed from the soil by the roots. The water content in the soil cannot meet the absorption capacity of the tree roots, or the above-ground parts. When water consumption is too large, efforts should be made to meet their needs. This measure is called irrigation.

Irrigation is generally determined based on the osmotic pressure or water absorption within the plant leaves. During irrigation, if the leaves have a large water absorption capacity, it proves that there is insufficient water, and water should be sprayed in time.

Although drought-resistant shrubs are limited by equipment and manpower conditions, it must be known that newly planted trees, seedlings, shrubs, and broad-leaved trees should be irrigated first, and long-term planted trees, large trees, and coniferous trees can be irrigated later. Summer is the peak season for tree growth and requires a lot of water. However, it is best not to water at noon when there is direct sunlight and hot weather. It is also not good to water the leaves at noon.

When irrigating, it is necessary to achieve an appropriate amount. It is best to adopt the principles of less irrigation, frequent irrigation, and slow irrigation. Reasonable irrigation must be based on the needs of tree growth, tree, location, and time to ensure that Trees have an adequate supply of water at all times.

The current irrigation method commonly used in production is after the trees are planted. Generally, trees need continuous irrigation for 3 to 5 years, and shrubs for at least 5 years. If the soil quality is poor or the trees grow poorly due to lack of water, and in drought years, The irrigation period should be extended. The minimum irrigation amount for each plant at a time is no less than 90 kilograms for trees and 60 kilograms for shrubs.

Commonly used water sources for irrigation include tap water, well water, river water, lake water, pond water, and wastewater that has been tested and available. The main methods used include single weir irrigation, border irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, etc.

Irrigation should meet the following quality requirements:

(1) The irrigation weir should be opened under the vertical line of the tree crown projection, and should not be opened too deep to avoid damaging the roots;

(2) Sufficient water;

(3) After water seeps through, seal the weir or cultivate in time to cut off the capillaries of the soil to prevent water evaporation.

2. Drainage

Excessive soil water content can cause poor growth or even death of trees. Different tree species, different ages, different growth conditions and different growing conditions will have different resistance to waterlogging.

Commonly used drainage methods include:

(1) Surface runoff: the surface slope is controlled at 0.1 to 0.3%, leaving no dead corners;

(2 ) Open ditch drainage: suitable for draining stagnant water after heavy rain;

(3) Underground ditch drainage: underground drainage pipelines are used and connected to drainage ditches or municipal drainage, but the cost is higher.

(2) Fertilization

Fertilization can be divided into two types: base fertilizer and top dressing. Most of the base fertilizers are organic fertilizers or compound fertilizers, and the application methods include hole application, ring application and radial furrow application. Top dressing generally uses chemical fertilizers or bacterial fertilizers, and the application methods include root application and extra-root application.

Pay attention to the following matters when applying fertilizer:

(1) Organic fertilizers must be fully fermented and decomposed, and chemical fertilizers must be completely crushed into powder. After fertilization, appropriate amount of water must be poured in time to allow the fertilizer to penetrate, otherwise the concentration of the soil solution will be too high and it will be detrimental to the tree roots.

(2) Top dressing at the roots is best sprayed in the evening.

(3) Pruning

Pruning is one of the important measures for tree care and management. Through pruning, it can adjust and balance the tree vigor, so that the trees can grow strong, neatly shaped and graceful. It is beautiful and more importantly can improve the survival rate of newly transplanted trees.

Pruning methods include:

1. Pruning: After a tree is transplanted, many buds and young buds will sprout on the trunk and branches, which will affect the growth of the tree. As the tree grows, excess buds can be removed by hand as they emerge in the spring. After pruning in winter, new shoots will sprout at the incisions of the branches in the following spring. They should be removed to prevent the main branches from becoming weak and the branches becoming overgrown. In short, all branch buds below the fixed trunk should be removed before they become lignified, and useless buds above the fixed trunk should also be removed.

2. Pruning: Pruning refers to the short cutting of the branches or trunk of seedlings. Pruning should be carried out according to the tree shape and growth and development needs of the seedlings. It is necessary to cut off diseased and insect-infested branches, internal branches, competing branches, overly dense branches and budding tillers. The cutting edges must be smooth and not split or split. The cutting edges of overly thick branches must be smeared.

3. Shaping: For trees with partial crowns or irregular tree shapes, you can remove the main branches or side branches that are too strong on one side, or cut off the strong leading branches to make them smaller. Outward lateral branches instead. If there is a partial crown due to a lack of branches on one side, you can use a rope to pull the branches on both sides to make up for the defect. For pine trees used as street trees, the branch points should be raised when the tree grows up, and several main branches can be arranged in one round.