Sweet, sour and warm in nature, it has the effects of killing insects, astringing, astringing intestines and stopping dysentery. Pomegranate fruit is rich in nutrition, and its vitamin C content is one or two times higher than that of apples and pears.
The history of pomegranate cultivation in China can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. According to Lu Gong's records, it was introduced from the Western Regions by Zhang Qian. Both north and south of China are cultivated, and Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan and other places have large planting areas, and some better varieties have also been cultivated. Huaiyuan County is the hometown of pomegranate in China, and "Huaiyuan Pomegranate" is a national geographical indication protection product.
Traditional culture in China regards pomegranate as a mascot and a symbol of many children and many blessings.
General situation of planting
Pomegranate flower pomegranate cultivation has a long history and is widely distributed in Hotan area. Uighur farmers have a fine tradition of planting pomegranate in history, and pomegranate planting is mostly in front of houses or behind trees. But it has never been taken seriously. With the reform and opening up and the improvement of people's living standards. The economic value and cultivation value of pomegranate have gradually attracted people's attention. At present, the planting area of pomegranate is gradually expanding, and the planting has changed from extensive planting in the past to variety division, early high-yield technology, pest control and so on. The problems that restrict the development of pomegranate planting in Hotan area still exist:
1. Varieties are mixed, and the yield is low and unstable, especially there are many inferior varieties, which directly affect the yield and quality of pomegranate. While expanding the planting area, there are still measures to ignore the excellent varieties, soil conditions and management. [ 1]
4. Extensive management and low output. Compared with ordinary fruit trees, pomegranate production management technology is still poor, such as fertilizer and water can not keep up, unreasonable pruning or no pruning.
3. The deep processing technology is not perfect.
There is still a big gap between the utilization of resources and the cultivation of excellent varieties.
With the expansion of pomegranate planting area and the needs of the market, we must pay close attention to the above problems and other possible situations in production, so that this tree species can produce greater economic benefits.
cultivated species
Pomegranate belongs to the genus Pomegranate and belongs to the family Pomegranate. As a kind of cultivation, there is only one kind of painting and calligraphy works of painter Wen, namely pomegranate. In addition, a wild pomegranate named Heng Ke Traye was found in Ricktra Island in the Indian Ocean, which has no cultivation value. After long-term artificial cultivation and domestication, pomegranate has many variation types, including 6 varieties:
(1) White pomegranate: large flowers, white.
⑵ Red pomegranate (double-petalled pomegranate): Also known as four-petalled pomegranate, the flower is big and the fruit is big.
⑶ Double pomegranate: the flowers are white or pink. [ 1]
(4) Pomegranate (pomegranate in four seasons): short plants, small flowers and small fruits. There are many flowering times and long flowering periods every year, all of which are mainly ornamental.
5. Ink pomegranate: the branches are thin and soft, the leaves are narrow, the fruit is purple and black, and the taste is not good. Mainly used for potted ornamental purposes.
[6] Colored pomegranate (agate pomegranate): The flowers are variegated.
Breeding and cultivation
Fruitful potted pomegranate [8] Pomegranate is more resistant to barren drought and is afraid of waterlogging. Pomegranate cultivation methods mainly include garden cultivation, fruit tree cultivation, bonsai and potted plants.
Pomegranate is often propagated by cutting, dividing plants and layering.
Cutting: biennial branches can be selected in spring or semi-lignified branches can be used for cutting in summer, and roots can be taken after 15 ~ 20 days.
Ramet: When the buds germinate in early spring and April, we can dig out the strong roots and plant them separately.
Hierarchical feeling: it can be used in spring and autumn, and it doesn't need to be carved. Before the buds germinate, they are pressed into the soil by the tillers of the roots. After taking root in summer, it is cut from the mother plant and becomes a seedling in autumn. Open field cultivation should choose a place with sufficient light and good drainage. Fertilize 1 time every month during growth. It is necessary to remove roots and tillers frequently, and cut off dead branches, diseased branches, dense branches and long branches to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Potted plants should be planted shallowly and watering should be controlled. They should be dry, not wet. During the growth period, the seeds should be removed, the vegetative growth should be controlled, and the formation of flower buds should be promoted.
Cultivation knowledge folding
1. Planting: You can plant or change pots after defoliation in autumn and before germination in the following spring. The ground should be planted in sunny, leeward and slightly higher places, with loose, fertile soil and good drainage. Potted plants are made of humus soil, mixed culture soil of soil and river sand, and appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is added. When planting, soil should be brought, the overground part should be cut short properly, watered after planting, kept cool, and moved to a ventilated and sunny place after germination and survival. [ 1]
2. Light and temperature: Light and temperature are important conditions that affect the formation of flower buds. Sufficient sunshine is needed in the growing period. The more sunshine, the more flowers and more bright colors. Leeward, sunny and dry environment is conducive to the formation and flowering of flower buds. When the light is insufficient, only the long leaves will not bloom, which will affect the ornamental effect. The suitable growth temperature is 15 -20℃, and the winter temperature should be lower than-18℃, otherwise it will be frozen.
13. Water fertilization: Pomegranate is drought-resistant and likes dry environment. Watering should master the principle of "dry and thorough watering" to keep the basin soil "dry and breathable, dry and not wet". In the flowering and fruiting period, you should not water too much and the soil in the basin should not be too wet, otherwise the branches will grow white, leading to the phenomenon of falling flowers, falling fruits and cracking fruits. Drainage should be done in time in rainy season. Both ground-planted pomegranate and potted pomegranate should be fully applied with base fertilizer, and then 1 times decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied before winter, and 1 times decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied before winter every year. Young trees should be planted in circular ditches 1 m away from trees, and old trees should be planted in radial ditches with a depth of 20 cm. Potted pomegranate should be applied with thin fertilizer frequently, and thin fertilizer and water should be applied 1 time every week during the vigorous growth period. Long-term topdressing of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can protect flowers and fruits.
2. Pruning: Because pomegranate branches are thin and messy, it needs pruning to achieve the effect of beautiful plant shape. Generally, pomegranate can be made into round head or flat head; It can also be made into a cluster opening shape; You can also be pomegranate bonsai. Cut off dead branches, long branches, cross branches, weak branches and dense edges by thinning and short cutting. Grasp the heart in time in summer, sparse flowers and fruits, and achieve the effects of ventilation and light transmission, beautiful plant shape and flowers and fruits.