As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period BC, Jiujiu songs have been widely used by people. In many works at that time, there were records about Jiujiu songs. The original 99 songs started from "99.8 1" to "22.24", with 36 sentences. Because it started with "998 1", it was named 99 Song. The expansion of Jiujiu Song to "One for One" was between the 5th century and10th century. It was in the 13 and 14 centuries that the order of Jiujiu songs became the same as it is now, from "one for one" to "9981".
At present, there are two kinds of multiplication formulas used in China. One is a 45-sentence formula, usually called "Xiao Jiujiu"; There is also a sentence 8 1, which is usually called "Big Uncle Nine".
What is the history of China's invention of multiplication formula in ancient times? The multiplication formula invented by China in ancient times has a history of multiplication formula (also called "Jiujiusong"), which has been produced in China for a long time. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Jiujiu songs have been widely used by people. In many of Dan's works, some multiplication formulas have been quoted. The original 999 song begins with "998 1" and ends with "224", with 36 phrases. Bamboo slips unearthed in Han Dynasty and ancient wooden slips unearthed in Dunhuang all started from "998 1". The name "99" is the two words at the beginning of the formula. During the 5th ~10th century, the formula of "99" was extended to "one to one". About the Song Dynasty (1 1 and12nd century), the order of Jiujiu songs became the same as that used in modern times, that is, from "one for one" to "9981". The 45 formulas in the book "Arithmetic Enlightenment" written by Zhu Shijie in Yuan Dynasty changed from "1 1" to "99", also called the nine-number method. There are two kinds of multiplication formulas used now, one is 45 sentences, usually called Xiao Jiujiu; There is also a sentence of 8 1, which is usually called the big nine nine. According to the records in the book, The Great Nineteen Nine was first written by Chen Jie of the Qing Dynasty.
The Origin of Multiplication and Historical Multiplication-Source
Multiplication is one of the simplest operations in arithmetic. It originated from the multiplication of integers.
What is multiplication?
Multiplication is one of the four operations
Multiplication refers to how many times a number or quantity has been increased. For example, 4 times 5, that is, 4 increases 5 times, or it can be said that 5 4' s are added together.
The origin of "small ninety-nine"
The 99-99 multiplication melody is also often called "Little 99". At present, the formula for students to learn "elementary ninety-nine" is from "11" to "998 1", while in ancient times it was the other way around, from "998 1" to "224". Because the first two words of the formula are "99", people call it "99" for short. It was only in the 13 and 14 centuries that it turned into the present situation.
China used the "99 formula" earlier. Sentences such as "3927", "684 18", "483 12" and "6636" can be found in books such as Xunzi, Guanzi, Huainanzi and Warring States Policy. It can be seen that as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, 99 multiplication songs became popular.
This short story about the origin of multiplication table was first invented by China people. In ancient books where a hundred schools of thought contend, such as Xunzi, Guanzi and Huainanzi, you can find formulas such as 3927, 684 18 and 483 12. But the ancient multiplication formula is different from the modern one. The ancient multiplication formula of 99 is also called "Xiao 99", and its order is just the opposite, starting from 99 8 1 and ending from 22 to 4. Because the first two words of the multiplication formula are "99", people call it "99" for short. 13, 14 century or so, mathematicians thought that "998 1" to "224" did not conform to the mathematical order from small to large, so they changed it to "224" to "998 1" and added "one by one" lines. China used the "99 formula" earlier. Sentences such as "3927", "684 18", "483 12" and "6636" can be found in books such as Xunzi, Guanzi, Huainanzi and Warring States Policy. It can be seen that as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, 99 multiplication songs became popular.
Do you have memories of junior high school history knowledge? 1. The order of dynasties is divided into two stages: Song Xia Yin Shang Western Zhou Dong Zhou. The Qin Dynasty was unified, and the Han Dynasty was divided. Wei, Shu, Wu, Western Jin and Jin Dong spread from front to back, and the Southern Dynasties and the Northern Dynasties died together with the Tang Dynasty. After the unification of the five dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Revolution of 1911 ended. 2. China's major achievements in history, science and technology, and culture (1) are descendants of the slave society, and culture, science and technology began in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. With the calendar in the Xia Dynasty, people began to use bronzes. Oracle Bone Inscriptions was invented in Shang Dynasty, and eclipses are recorded. There are four trees and five Fang Ding, and Siyang has a strange shape. With exquisite craftsmanship and beautiful patterns, bronze casting has flourished. The loom of the Western Zhou Dynasty can be jacquard, and the first lunar eclipse was in 776 (AD 776). (2) Since the development of the Spring and Autumn Culture, there are 305 earliest collections of poems and songs in The Book of Songs, most of which are poems in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Taoist Lao Dan's Tao Te Ching began with Confucian Confucius. Sun Wu, a great strategist, died young. 99 multiplication table; There were more than 2,000 comets as early as Europe; Invented and created several luban, siege equipment, wooden ladders, wooden figures, wooden birds, wooden carts, wooden horses, and later carpenters all respected their ancestors. (3) Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan is famous for Li Sao, and Sun Bin's masterpiece The Art of War has been invented by Sina. Bian Que, an imperial doctor, opposes superstition, looks, smells, asks and feels the pulse, pills, powder, ointment and Dan decoction, said the founder of traditional Chinese medicine. The classic Huangdi Neijing contains 300 pathological diseases. Dujiangyan, famous at home and abroad, was designed by Qin. Thirty-seven days after the grain experiment, the state of Lu had thirty-three certificates. Ren Weishi's divination at the beginning of the gods and Shigan Star Classic determine the stars, which are recorded in the Eight Hundred Stars Classic, and determine 130 directions. Astronomical calendars are beneficial to agriculture and distinguish between spring, summer, autumn and winter. Hundred schools of thought expressed his views, and Mohist, Confucian, Taoist and Legalist schools contended. Ancient cultural treasures are the most, such as banquet copper pots and chimes. (4) Before the Qin Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty was unified in 22 1 (year), and Wan Licheng and unified measurement were built, which was a miracle of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses. (5) The Western Han Dynasty was founded in 202 B.C. (), and the length of the two Han Dynasties was more than 400 years, with numerous cultural and scientific achievements and close economic ties among all ethnic groups. Sima Qian, a famous work in Historical Records, tells the history of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Nine Chapters Arithmetic is a special book with 246 questions. Cai Lun has improved papermaking, and the raw materials are easy to find and cheap. The astronomical calendar Zhang Hengjing, the armillary sphere and the seismograph are earlier than Europe 1700 years. This "medical sage" is called Zhang Zhongjing, the medical theory of Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Hua Tuo was the first anesthesiologist who created the "Five Animals Play" in gymnastics. Wang Chong wrote Lun Heng materialistically, which is a natural phenomenon of solar eclipse. Liu Bangjian Mang was defeated and Ban Gu was dated. (6) The Three Kingdoms ended in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Wei, Shu and Wu stood in the balance. Science, technology and culture have promoted exchanges and developed production and economy. Ma Jun overturned the South Locomotive and attacked the city to transport the stone machine. Zhong You studied calligraphy seriously, and official script was transformed into regular script. Liu Hui calculates pi, approximate value 14 16. (7) Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, collected the essence of the Wei and Jin philosophers and created a unique calligraphy style. His cursive style is amazing. Gu Kaizhi, who is good at painting, has beautiful lines and good form and spirit, and has the wonderful skill of "subtle things" in "A History of Women" and "A Picture of Luoshen". (8) All ethnic groups in the Northern and Southern Dynasties merged into the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the people of all ethnic groups worked hard to develop science and culture and improve social production. In the Southern Dynasties, Zu Chongzhi used the achievements of his predecessors for reference, studied astronomy and calendar mechanics and invented miracles. 14 15 years, 926 years and 14 15 years, 927 years to accurately calculate pi, which is 1 100 years earlier than Europe; "Seal script" is a book specializing in mathematics, which was spread to Asahi as a teaching material. Jia Sixie, an agronomist in the Northern Wei Dynasty, studied agricultural proverbs and agriculture, the earliest farming methods, and a complete summary of Qi Yao Min Shu. Fan Zhen, a famous materialist, published the theory of deification and inherited Wang Chong of Xun Kuang. What a precious ideological legacy. The Northern Wei Dynasty has a high level of sculpture, large-scale Yungang Grottoes and exquisite art treasures, and the Longmen in Luoyang is also famous. (9) Zhao Zhouqiao was magnificent in the Sui Dynasty, and Li Chunzao, the great craftsman of the Sui Dynasty, added arch shoulders to relieve the pressure, which was the worst disaster in the world. 1300 years later, the history of Chinese and foreign bridges is important. Engraving was invented in the Sui Dynasty, and the quality of diamond sutra printing is very good. The Grand Canal was dug in 605, and the north-south traffic contributed greatly. Three people sent Liu Qiu, and five floors were built on the warship. (10) Both the Tang Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty established medical schools. * * * compiled Herbal Medicine of Tang Dynasty eight hundred years earlier than Europe. Sun Simiao, a famous "drug king", wrote a medical book "Thousand Golden Prescriptions", which contains 5,000 prescriptions and 800 kinds of drugs. Gunpowder was made in the Tang Dynasty, and it was used earlier in the military at the end of the Tang Dynasty. The famous "Three Colors of the Tang Dynasty" was fired with very high technology. Astronomer Monk and his team first determined the meridian length. In the Tang Dynasty, the north and south were unified, the economy was prosperous, the territory was vast, and the feudal culture reached its peak, resulting in the largest number of Tang poems. There are 2,200 poets handed down from ancient times, leaving more than 48,000 poems, which are perfect in content and art. Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi ... prose Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, named "Taishan Beidou". The calligraphy of Yan Gu by Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan is peculiar. Yan Liben, a famous painter, is known as the Wu Daozi of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and is a treasure house of art (1 1). Sima Guang, a historian in the Song Dynasty, has a long history. Zhang Zeduan's "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" is loaded with the prosperity of Bianjing. Compasses were used everywhere in the northern song dynasty, and ships from all countries dared to sail. Shen Kuo's "Meng Qian Bi Tan" is the first in the history of the Twelfth Qi Dynasty, 800 years earlier than that of Britain, and the natural science is the most brilliant; Bi Sheng printing in the Northern Song Dynasty was widely spread in Asia, Europe and Africa, 400 years earlier than in Europe, and made a long-term contribution to world culture. Prose in Song Dynasty has made great progress, and ideological reality has indeed been expressed. Ouyang Xiu, a literary leader, opposes empty rhetoric. Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong wrote well, and Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty were collectively called the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. (13) The Yuan Dynasty was the most developed period of drama, and a large number of playwrights emerged. When Guan Hanqing wrote Dou Eyuan, his thoughts and art flashed. Guo Shoujing, a meta-scientist, creatively compiled a calendar, which is exactly the same as today, 300 years earlier than the Gregorian calendar. In the practice of learning new technology, Huang Daopo, a textile artist in Yuan Dynasty, invented the cotton gin, innovated the technology suitable for cotton farmers, and taught the Li people the textile technology. The "black mud well quilt" is well known. (13) Ming and Qing dynasties became ancestors, and the national strength was strong. Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Ocean, 1405- 1443, were the most ocean-going voyages in the world. Li Shizhen, the Compendium of Materia Medica, made some innovations in drug research, and visited the collection of proven prescriptions in medical practice to explain various colors and flavors. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Song Yingxing's masterpiece Heavenly Craft Ascends Things was praised as an encyclopedia of industry and agriculture, which sold well in Japan, France, Britain and other countries. Xu Guangqi, a modern scientist, is knowledgeable and has studied westernization. The agricultural theory in The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration is reasonable, with notes and pictures. Ming and Qing novels are the most prosperous, with many masterpieces; Shi Naian wrote it.