1? Garden selection and planning

1. 1? Garden selection

According to the biological characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, the loess with sunny, sheltered, abundant sunshine and deep and loose soil layer is the best choice for garden construction, and it can also be selected in the land with a small amount of gravel and mild saline-alkali land. It should be noted that red clay is not suitable for Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge growth because it is too shady and the groundwater level is high. Most of the dry land and dry sandy land meet the land selection conditions of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.

1.2? Landscape planning

According to different site conditions, cultivation purposes and management levels, the following types of Xanthoceras sorbifolia orchards can be established.

1.2. 1? Ordinary orchard? Plant spacing is 2m, row spacing is 4m, and 83 plants are planted every 667m2. Easy to manage, less labor, reasonable row spacing, and convenient for intertillage weeding.

1.2.2? Intercropping orchards? Plant spacing 1.5m, row spacing 6m. 74 plants were planted in 667m2. When it is implemented in plots with good site conditions, the spacing between trees is small, which is convenient for early closure and increases the row spacing. Intercropping bean crops can improve the early benefit.

1.2.3? Forest orchard? First, it is used for farmland forest network construction. Because of the threat of land, farmers don't welcome Yang Shulin. The utilization of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge can have certain economic benefits, which is easily accepted by farmers. Plant spacing 1m, single row is appropriate. The second is the construction of highway forest belt. Used in highway forest belts, it has both ornamental value and economic benefits, killing two birds with one stone. Plant spacing 1m, row spacing of 2m, two or more rows can be designed, and it can also be mixed with other tree species.

1.2.4? Courtyard orchard? In the distribution area of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, farmers regard it as a symbol of longevity and good luck. When planting it in hospitals, there is a saying that "literary works come from the stars" and "civil servants enter the hospital". Farmers should be encouraged to plant in the yard and in front of and behind the house. While greening and beautifying the courtyard, it can also develop the courtyard economy.

2? Carry out soil preparation

Soil preparation is the process of ploughing the soil before afforestation. Soil preparation before afforestation can eliminate weeds, improve soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions, improve afforestation quality and promote the growth of young forests.

According to the characteristics of dry land and dry sandy land, land preparation can be divided into three types: comprehensive land preparation, strip land preparation and block land preparation.

2. 1? Comprehensive soil preparation?

That is, the soil is turned over in an all-round way, and the turning depth is greater than 625px. Small four-wheeled tractors, walking tractors or animal power can be used. Dry sandy land needs shallow tillage and can only be carried out by animal power.

2.2? Strip soil preparation?

That is to say, according to the designed row spacing of afforestation, a planting ditch with a depth of about 0.8~ 1m and a width of about 0.6~0.8m is excavated, and the row direction is north-south, and the bottom of the ditch is paved with crop stalks with a thickness of about 20~750px. Then the topsoil is mixed with an appropriate amount of fertilizer, backfilled into the ditch, and filled to about 500px above the ground (it can be watered and compacted when conditions permit), and then covered on it. Dry sand should be cleared of the covered sand layer in advance.

2.3? Land preparation?

That is to say, determine the planting point in advance according to the designed plant spacing, dig a pit with a diameter of about 1.500 px and a depth of about 2000px, backfill straw, topsoil and fertilizer in the pit, irrigate and compact, and cover the soil to preserve moisture (same as zonal soil preparation).

3? plant

Planting is divided into spring planting and autumn planting. As long as the method is proper, the survival rate of both kinds of planting is very high.

3. 1? plant in spring

Spring sowing can be carried out after the soil is thawed and before the seedlings germinate. The best planting time in spring is from March 20th to April 5th, usually from vernal equinox to Qingming. After the Qingming Festival, seedlings began to germinate and the survival rate of planting decreased.

3.2? autumn planting

Planting in autumn is carried out after defoliation and before soil freezing. Planting in autumn should be done sooner rather than later. If it is planted too late, the roots will enter the wintering period without recovery, and the water absorption capacity is poor, which is not conducive to survival.

4? Soil, fertilizer and water management

4. 1? soil management

Soil is the basis of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge growth and fruiting, and also the source of nutrients and water supply. The growth quality, types, number, absorption and synthesis ability of roots are closely related to soil. Reasonable soil management measures are conducive to loosening soil, improving gas and heat conditions, promoting microbial activities and improving soil aggregate structure; Conducive to maintaining a good state of soil nutrients and water supply; Conducive to root growth. Therefore, improving the growth environment of root system is an important content of soil management.

4.2? Garden fertilization

4.2. 1? Base fertilizer? Combining deep tillage with soil improvement, it is divided into autumn application and spring application. In autumn, basal fertilizer germinates early, and the leaves spread quickly and the buds are full in the next spring. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, mixed with certain nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.

4.2.2? Topdressing? According to the annual growth cycle of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, topdressing is divided into two stages: flowering stage and fruit expansion stage. Topdressing at flowering stage combined with irrigation one week before flowering stage is generally in the middle and late April (irrigation conditions are not available, so it can be postponed until the beginning of May).

4.3? Garden irrigation

Irrigation should be based on the commercial situation of the soil. According to the situation of trees, it can be divided into three irrigation periods: flowering water, fruit swelling water and safe overwintering water.

5? Tree management

5. 1? Plastic trimming

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge is a light-loving tree species, so it should be fully considered to have good ventilation and light transmission conditions. It is suggested to adopt two tree types: natural happy tree and trunk sparse tree. 5.2? Guo Hua management

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge has more sterile flowers and less pregnant flowers. More flowers, less fruit. There was once a saying called "a thousand flowers and a fruit". Strengthening the management of water and fertilizer, strengthening the tree vigor and taking reasonable measures of pruning and thinning flowers and fruits can significantly increase the yield. Spraying sodium naphthylacetate at flowering stage has obvious effect on improving fruit setting rate. Trees with excessive flowering can be moderately thinned to reduce nutrient consumption. For dense fruit hanging on a single branch, thinning should be carried out when the fruit has a thumb, so that the nutrition of the leaves can be transported to the left fruit. The amount of fruit left should be controlled at the level of 40~50 compound leaves to raise a fruit. There are too many fruits left, which are easy to fall off, resulting in the phenomenon of big and small years.

6? Pest control of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge

6. 1? Pest control method

6. 1. 1? Agricultural control? Measures such as cutting off branches of pests and diseases, clearing away dead leaves and weeds, scraping off the cracked bark of trunk, turning over the tree tray deeply, covering the ground with straw, and applying fertilizer scientifically have been taken to increase the tree vigor, improve the ability to resist pests and diseases, and worsen the living environment of pests and diseases. Pay attention to water control and drainage in the late growing season to prevent excessive growth. Strictly thinning flowers and fruits, reasonable load, keep the tree vigorous. Not mixed with economic trees such as apples, pears, peaches and apricots, not intercropped with potatoes, melons and vegetables, so as not to aggravate the harm of secondary pests and diseases.

6. 1.2? Biological control? Using parasitic and predatory natural enemies insects and pathogenic microorganisms, the population of pests and diseases will be controlled below the hazard level. Such as artificial release of Trichogramma to protect natural enemies of pests such as ladybugs, lacewings and predatory mites; Orchard hanging attractant, sweet and sour liquid, etc. Trapping and killing LEPIDOPTERA pests; Limit the use of organic synthetic pesticides and reduce the harm to natural enemies. You can also raise chickens and peck pests artificially in the orchard. Make Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge form a good and healthy ecological environment.

6. 1.3? Physical prevention? In the growing season, using the phototaxis of adults, insecticidal lamps are set up. Setting a lamp every 0.667hm2 and turning it on at 8:00-5:00 every night can effectively control LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA pests. The annual spraying amount can be reduced by one third.

6. 1.4? Chemical control? According to the biological characteristics and hazard characteristics of the control objects, chemical pesticides are used for control.