Technical Regulation of Large Tree Transplanting Operation

(Technical Regulation of Large Tree Transplanting Operation)

Chapter 1 General Provisions

1.0.1 Large tree transplantation is an important technical means in urban greening construction. In order to unify technical standards, improve construction quality

and bring the large tree transplantation project into a scientific and standardized management track, these regulations are specially formulated .

1.0.2 This regulation applies to the city’s newly built, expanded, and renovated public green spaces, residential green spaces, unit-affiliated green spaces, urban scenic woodlands, and road greening. And cooperate with the transplantation of large trees in urban reconstruction.

1.0.3 This procedure is suitable for transplanting trees with a dry diameter of 15-40cm or trees that need to be transplanted with soil blocks with a diameter of 1.5m to 3m.

1.0.4 In order to ensure construction safety and tree transplant survival rate, the personnel must be experienced technicians or technical workers who have been trained and reviewed by the forestry department

before they can participate in this project project.

1.0.5 This regulation is formulated based on decades of practical experience and technical summary of employees in the Beijing Garden Bureau system. < /p>

Package transplants in wooden boxes.

2.0.2 Root reduction method: 1-2 years before transplanting the big tree, dig a 60-80cm wide trench around the tree according to the size of the root system when transplanted. Cut off the roots and return loose nutritious soil to allow them to heal and grow new roots at the root fracture, which will facilitate survival during transplantation.

2.0.3 Tuo repair: refers to the repair and shaping of the soil ball or soil platform according to specifications and standards when the soil ball or wooden box is transplanted.

2.0.4 Digging out the bottom: dig out the soil and remove the roots from the bottom of the soil ball and soil platform.

2.0.5 Waist rope: Wrap the grass rope around the middle part of the height of the soil ball.

2.0.6 Double-stranded double-shaft: refers to two straw ropes wrapped in two layers when packing soil balls.

2.0.7 Iron laths: Use 0.1 cm thick iron plates to process them into perforated iron strips with a width of 3cm and a length of about 60-100cm, used to connect wooden box boards.

use. Also known as iron sheet (commonly known as iron waist).

2.0.8 Original soil: The depth of the trees in the original planting site, and the traces of soil on the surface.

2.0.9 Ornamental side: The crown of the tree has a more beautiful ornamental side.

2.0.10 Later maintenance: Maintenance and management after the tree planting is completed (or after three waterings) until the project is completed and accepted and handed over in the second year

(The source of investment is engineering investment).

2.0.11 Packing: Wrap the soil ball tightly with cattails and tie it tightly with straw rope.

Chapter 3 Methods of Transplanting Large Trees

3.0.1 Depending on the tree species and transplantation time, there are generally two types: bare root transplantation and soil ball transplantation. Transplantation with soil is divided into soft-packed soil ball transplantation and hard-packed wooden box transplantation.

3.0.2 Root system regulations during transplantation. Generally, the diameter of the root system is 7-10 times the diameter of the trunk at 1.3m of the tree. The depth of the root system depends on the distribution of the root system. Generally, For 70-120cm.

3.0.3 Before transplanting a large tree, the roots of conditional or old trees should be cut off 1-2 years in advance.

3.0.4 Tree species and methods suitable for transplantation

Theoretically, as long as the time is mastered and the measures are reasonable, any tree species can be transplanted. Here we only introduce the common transplantation methods< /p>

Trees planted and methods adopted.

a), evergreen trees: juniper, pitch pine, whitebark pine, cedar, dragon cypress, arborvitae, spruce, fir, Huashan pine, etc. b) Deciduous trees and precious flowering trees: Sophora japonica, Columbine tree, Fraxinus leucophylla, Maple ingot, Ginkgo biloba, Magnolia, etc. c). Suitable transplantation methods 1). All evergreen trees and deciduous trees that are transplanted during the non-dormant period or trees that require false planting for a longer period of time should be transplanted using the soil ball method. Generally, the dry diameter is 15-20cm. If the soil is hard, it can be transplanted. Soft-packed soil ball method is used for transplantation. The diameter of the soil ball is 1.5-1.8m. The stem diameter is 20-40cm using the square wooden box transplantation method, and the square box size is 1.8-3m. Generally, the specifications of soil balls and large wooden boxes are 7-9 times the dry diameter. 2) All deciduous trees transplanted during the dormant period can be transplanted with bare roots or with a small amount of bare roots and protective soil. Generally, the root diameter is 8-10 times the dry diameter. (Except for trees with special requirements) 3.0.5 Time for transplanting large trees. Deciduous trees: It should be done during the dormant period of trees after falling leaves, which is spring and autumn in Beijing. Evergreen trees: can be carried out in spring, summer (rain) and autumn, but transplantation in summer should miss the vigorous growth period of new plants, and transplantation in spring is generally the best.

Chapter 4 Selection of Transplanted Trees 4.0.1 The design requirements for tree specifications and quality should be met. 4.0.2 The basic requirements for transplanted trees are as follows: a) No serious diseases or insect pests. b), no serious mechanical damage. c), must have certain ornamental qualities.

d) The plants are strong and have normal growth. e) Lifting and transportation machinery can reach the tree transplanting site. 4.0.3 After selecting a tree for transplantation, an obvious mark should be made with paint on the north side of the tree trunk to identify the sunny side of the tree. At the same time, the tree should be listed, numbered and registered to facilitate registration. 4.0.4 Create a tree card, which includes: tree number, tree species, specifications (height, branch diameter, crown width), tree age, growth status, tree location, and location to be transplanted. Photos or videos can also be retained if necessary.

Chapter 5 Preparations before transplantation 5.0.1 For trees that need to be transplanted, the transfer of ownership and necessary procedures should be completed in accordance with relevant regulations. 5.0.2 Understand the transplanted trees in detail, the surrounding environment where they grow, soil conditions, ground obstacles, underground facilities, traffic routes, etc. 5.0.3 Develop specific transplantation techniques and safety measures based on the species of trees to be transplanted and construction conditions. 5.0.4 Make preparations for the transfer of tools, materials, and mechanical equipment required for construction. Before construction, relevant departments such as transportation, municipal administration, public utilities, and telecommunications are requested to come to the site to cooperate in removing construction obstacles and completing necessary procedures. 5.0.5 Prune the crown of a deciduous tree before transplanting it. Bare root transplantation generally requires heavy pruning, with 1/2-2/3 of the branches cut off. When transplanting with soil, you can cut it lightly and cut off 1/3 of the branches. When pruning, the cuts must be smooth and the cross-section should be as small as possible. When pruning branches of more than 2 cm, preservatives should be applied to the cuts. Evergreen trees generally do not need to be pruned before transplantation. After transplantation, any broken branches or branches that are too dense, overlapping, whorled, drooping, leggy branches, diseased branches, etc. during the transplantation process can be cut off. When pruning evergreen trees, 1-2cm should be left. Wooden prongs must not be cut off by the roots. Apply preservative or wrap the cut after cutting. When pruning deciduous trees, some small branches can be left appropriately to facilitate sprouting and spreading of leaves. 5.0.6 After confirming the trees to be moved, root shrinking (root cutting) measures should be taken 1-2 years in advance. 5.0.7 The tree trunks should be wrapped with hemp sheets and straw ropes, generally from the rhizome to the branch points, to reduce evaporation and reduce scratches during transplantation. Remove after planting.

Chapter 6 Excavation of Trees Section 1 Bare Root Excavation 6.1.1 Bare root transplantation is limited to deciduous trees. According to the regulations, the size of the root system should depend on the distribution of the root system, which is generally 1.3m in dry diameter. 8-10 times. 6.1.2 The key to the survival of bare root transplants is to shorten the root exposure time as much as possible. After transplanting, the roots should be kept moist by digging out the roots and spraying them with moisturizer or dipping them in mud, wrapping them with wet grass, etc. 6.1.3 Dig the operating trench vertically along the outside of the remaining root width. The width of the trench is 60-80cm. The depth of the trench depends on the distribution of the root system. Dig until the main root is no longer visible. Generally 80-120cm. 6.1.4 During the excavation process, all roots other than the reserved root system should be cut off, and the cuts should be smooth and not split. 6.1.5 From below 1/2 of the depth of the remaining root system, you can gradually dig inward. After cutting off all the main lateral roots, you can break the soil platform, retain the core soil, remove the remaining soil, and knock down the trees. If there are special requirements, you can Wrap the roots. Section 2 Excavation of soil balls 6.2.1 When transplanting soil balls, ensure that the soil balls are intact, especially in the rainy season. 6.2.2 The specifications of the soil ball are generally 7-10 times the dry diameter of 1.3m, and the height of the soil ball is generally about 2/3 of the diameter of the soil ball. 6.2.3 Before digging tall trees or trees with large crowns, pillars should be erected to stabilize the trees. 6.2.4 Soak the packaging materials, cattail bags, cattail sheets, and straw ropes in water for later use. 6.2.5 Before excavation, draw a circle with the tree trunk as the center according to the specified size, and dig an operating trench of 60-80cm outside the circle to the specified depth. When digging, first remove the topsoil and see the surface roots before digging down. When digging, if you encounter thick roots, you must use a saw to cut them off and then cut them flat. Do not shovel hard to avoid causing loose lumps. 6.2.6 Repair the lump. Use milling to trim the remaining lump of soil into a frusto-conical soil ball with a larger top and a smaller bottom. 6.2.7 When closing the bottom, the bottom of the soil ball should not be left too large, which is generally about 1/3 of the diameter of the soil ball. When collecting the bottom, any thick roots should be sawed off. 6.2.8 Wrap the waist rope around the waist of the earth ball with a straw rope soaked in water. Wrap it tightly around the waist of the earth ball and tighten it by beating it around. The width of the waist rope depends on the soil quality of the earth ball. Generally it is about 1/5 of the soil ball. 6.2.9 Open a bottom ditch. After wrapping the waist rope, dig a 5-6cm wide bottom ditch inward at the bottom of the earth ball so that it can be wrapped around the bottom edge when packing and the straw rope will not loosen easily. 6.2.10 Wrap the soil ball tightly with packaging materials (cattail bags, cattail bags, sack sheets, etc.) and surround and fix it with straw ropes. 6.2.11 When packing, the rope should be tightened and beaten as it is wound. Use a double or four-strand straw rope starting from the tree trunk, tilt it slightly, and wrap it from top to bottom to the ditch along the bottom of the earth ball and then return to the earth ball from the other side. On the top, wrap it clockwise around the trunk. It should first form a double layer or four-strand straw rope, and the second layer should be cross-embossed with the first layer. The distance between straw ropes is generally 8-10cm. Note that the double ropes should be arranged and straightened out when winding the grass rope. 6.2.12 Wrap the outer waist rope. After wrapping the bag, use a straw rope to wrap a 20-30cm waist rope across the waist of the earth ball. The straw rope should be wrapped tightly and tap with a mallet as it is wrapped. After wrapping, use the waist rope up and down. The straw rope is tied diagonally to prevent it from falling off. 6.2.13 After completing the packing, push the trees down in the predetermined direction. If there are any tap roots, they should be sawed off and not pushed hard. Then use cattail sheets to wrap the bottom tightly, and use straw ropes to connect them in series with the straw ropes on the soil balls. Section 3 Wooden Box Excavation 6.3.1 The soil platform transplanted with wooden boxes is square, with the upper part larger and the lower part smaller. Generally, the lower part is about 1/10 smaller than the upper part.

6.3.2 When setting out the line, first remove the topsoil and expose the surface roots. According to regulations, center on the tree trunk, select the crown viewing surface, and mark out a square soil platform range that is 5-10cm larger than the specified size. The size must be accurate. Then draw a square white gray line 80-100cm outside the range of the soil platform, which is the range of the operating ditch. 6.3.3 Set up pillars. Use 3-4 pillars to support the tree stably, in a triangle or square shape. The pillars should be strong and the length should be above the branch point. Small horizontal sticks can be nailed to the bottom of the pillars, and then buried tightly and compacted. The pillars and branches should be tied tightly, but the joints must be padded with soft objects, and the bark of the tree must not be directly rubbed. To make it stronger, cross bars can be added to connect the pillars. 6.3.4 Dig down according to the designated operating trench range. The trench walls should be regular and smooth, and should not be depressed inward. Dig to the specified depth, and the excavated soil should be spread or transported away at any time. 6.3.5 The earth platform should be trimmed according to the specified size. The four corners should be 5cm larger than the wooden box board. The earth platform should be smooth, and there should be no masonry or thick roots protruding from the earth platform. No one is allowed to stand on the repaired earth platform. 6.3.6 After trimming the soil platform, first install the side boards on all sides. When installing the side boards, the upper opening of the board should be slightly lower than 1-2cm of the soil platform, and the lower opening should be 1-2cm higher than the bottom edge of the soil platform. When leaning against the box board, pad the four corners of the earth platform with cattail sheets and then close it against the box board. After it is close to the box board, temporarily use wooden sticks and the edge of the pit to support it firmly. After passing the inspection, use steel wire ropes to surround the upper and lower sections and place them 15-20cm from the upper and lower edges respectively. The two wire rope interfaces are placed in the direction of the box board (one east and one west or one south and one north). The wire rope interface is inserted into the hook of the wire tensioner. Note that the wire tensioner should be stable on the belt in the middle of the box board. In order to make the box board close to the earth platform, 1-2 garden wooden bottles should be placed between the rope boards on all four sides. After placing them, use barge sticks to rotate both sides to tighten the wire rope simultaneously, and then use wooden sticks to beat the wire rope until it is released. to the sound of metal strings. 6.3.7 Nail the box boards. Use processed iron waists to connect the four corners of the wooden box. Nail the iron waists in two strips 5cm above and below the two boards, and one stripe every 8-10cm in the middle. They must be nailed firmly. The nails should be slightly tilted outward and driven in. The nails should not be bent. The iron sheet and the wooden belt should be tightened. The steel wire rope can be removed only after the metal vibrating sound is struck. For wooden boxes larger than 2.5cm, you can also tighten the wire rope after removing the garden wood. 6.3.8 Dig out the bottom. After digging the surrounding trench to a depth of 30-40cm, dig out the bottom into the soil platform from opposite sides at the same time. The width of the bottom out is equivalent to the width of the installed single board. When digging out, the soil should be slightly higher than the box. The bottom edge of the board is 1-2cm. If thick roots are encountered, the roots should be sawed slightly into the soil platform. 6.3.9 Once the width of a board is determined, it should be installed immediately. When installing, one end of the bottom board should be mounted on the wooden belt of the side board of the wooden box. The lower part should be supported with wooden piers. The other end should be jacked up with a hydraulic jack. When the board is close, , use garden nails to nail the iron waist, use garden wooden piers to hold it tight, remove the hydraulic jack, and then use sticks to firmly support the upper end of the box board and the pit wall. One side of the pit wall should be padded with wooden boards. After it is supported, it can continue inward. Dig the bottom. 6.3.10 When digging inward, the operator's head and body are strictly prohibited from entering the bottom of the soil platform. When the wind speed reaches level 4 or above, the operation should be stopped. 6.3.11 When the subsoil is loose, cattail sheets should be used when putting up the bottom plate, and the bottom plate can be sealed tightly without leaving any gaps. In case of a small amount of soil loss, the loose soil should be filled with earth from cattail bags or wooden boards, and then the bottom board should be nailed. 6.3.12 When installing the board, first level the topsoil with a shovel, making the middle slightly higher by 1-2cm. The length of the upper board should be equal to the outer edge of the side board, and must not exceed or be insufficient. Place cattail sheets before placing the board. The upper board should be placed in a direction that crosses the bottom board. The spacing between the upper boards should be even, generally 15-20cm. If the trees are moved multiple times, the upper board can also change its direction and add another layer in a tic-tac-toe shape.

Chapter 7 Loading, Unloading and Transportation of Trees

7.0.1 The loading, unloading and transportation of large trees must use large mechanical vehicles. Therefore, in order to ensure safe and smooth progress, skilled personnel must be equipped The personnel are under unified command. Operators should operate in strict accordance with safety regulations. 7.0.2 The trees, especially the root system, should be protected during loading, unloading and transportation, and the soil balls and wooden boxes should be kept intact. The crown of the tree should be enclosed and the trunk should be wrapped and protected. 7.0.3 When loading, the roots, soil balls, and wooden boxes should face forward, and the tree crown should face backward. 7.0.4 When loading and unloading bare-root trees, special attention should be paid to protecting the roots to reduce root splitting and breaking. After loading, the trees should be supported and squeezed tightly, and covered with wet straw bags or tarpaulins for protection. When unloading the truck, they should be lifted in sequence. 7.0.5 When loading and unloading soil balls, trees should ensure that the soil balls are intact and not scattered. For this reason, thick hemp ropes should be tied when loading and unloading. At the same time, wooden boards should be placed between the ropes and the soil balls. After loading, the soil balls should be stabilized and clamped with wooden boards and other objects to prevent them from rolling. 7.0.6 When loading and unloading wooden boxes and trees, ensure that the wooden box is in good condition. The key is to tie the rope and lift it. First, use a steel wire rope to surround the waist of about 1/3 of the lower end of the wooden box, and put the rope head into the hook. In addition, use a wire rope or hemp rope to pad one end with a soft object at a suitable angle and tie it to the appropriate position of the tree trunk. The other end is also put into the hook. After slowly raising the crown of the tree, find the center of gravity and protect the tree body. Can lift the truck. When loading, first place two 10×10cm square logs 20cm longer than the wooden box on the carriage. Be careful not to press the wire rope when placing the box. 7.0.7 Any raised and super-high parts of the tree crown should be enclosed as much as possible. Do not drag the crown of the tree to the ground. For this reason, place a stable bracket at the end of the carriage and put soft objects (cattail bags, straw bags) on it to support the trunk. 7.0.8 Special personnel should be assigned to escort the vehicle during transportation. The escort should be familiar with tree species, unloading locations, transportation routes, obstacles along the way, etc. The escort should be on board the carriage and should cooperate closely with the driver. Eliminate driving obstacles at any time.

Chapter 8 Planting of Trees

8.0.1 Dig the planting hole according to the designed location. The specifications of the planting hole should be determined according to the size of the root system, soil balls, and wooden boxes. a) The planting hole for bare root and soil ball trees should be a garden pit, which should be 60-80cm larger than the diameter of the root system or soil ball, and 20-30cm deeper. The pit walls should be smooth and vertical. After digging, place a 20-30cm mound of soil at the bottom of the pit. b) For wooden box trees, dig a square pit that is 80-100cm larger than the wooden box on all sides and 20-30cm deeper than the wooden box. The excavated bad soil and excess soil should be hauled away. Place planting soil and humus soil near the pit for later use. 8.0.2 The depth of planting should be appropriate, generally level with the original soil mark or slightly above the ground about 5cm. 8.0.3 When planting, the direction of the main ornamental surface should be selected, and the sunny side should be taken care of. Generally, the tree bends should be as close to the wind as possible. When planting, they should be planted upright and supported, and the main tip of the crown and the roots should be in a vertical line. 8.0.4 To return the soil, generally use planting soil and add humus soil (fertile soil is made into mixed soil). The ratio is 7/3. Note that the fertilizer must be fully decomposed and mixed evenly. When returning the soil, it should be done in layers, one layer every 30cm, until it is filled. 8.0.5 Erect pillars, generally 3-4 fir trees high, or use thin steel wire ropes to pull the fiber, which should be buried deep and firmly erected. The joint between the rope and the trunk should be padded with soft objects. 8.0.6 Weir opening, a), bare root, earth ball tree opening weir, the inner diameter of the earth weir is the same as the edge of the pit, the weir height is about 20-30cm, when opening the weir, be careful not to go too deep to avoid digging the tree roots or earth ball . b) For wooden box trees, open a double-layer square weir. The inner side of the weir is at the edge of the earth platform, and the outer side of the weir is at the edge of the square pit. The weir height is about 25cm. The weir should be made of fine soil and compacted to prevent water leakage. 8.0.7 Water three times. The amount of water in the first time should not be too large. The water flow should be slow to make the soil sink. Generally, the second watering should be completed within two or three days after planting, and the third watering should be completed within a week. The amount of water throughout the water should be sufficient. After each watering, attention should be paid to trimming the weir and filling it with soil to plug leaks. 8.0.8 When planting bare-root trees, the root system must be stretched. Split and broken roots must be cut off and the cuts must be smooth. Rooting agents can be applied if conditions permit. 8.0.9 When planting soil ball trees, the soil ball should be placed firmly, and then unpacked and taken out. If the soil ball is loose, the lower part of the waist rope does not need to be removed, and the upper part should be unpacked and taken out. 8.0.10 To plant wooden box trees, first mound a rectangular earth platform with a height of about 20cm and a width of 30-80cm in the pit. Stand the tree upright. If the soil is hard and the soil platform is intact, you can first remove the three middle bottom boards, use two wire ropes to cover the bottom boards, fasten both ends of the ropes on the hooks, lift it into the pit, and place it on the soil platform. Note that when lifting trees into the pit, it is strictly forbidden to stand under the tree or under the crane arm. After the wooden box is put into the pit, in order to correct the position, the operator should work in the upper part of the pit and must not stand in the pit to avoid crushing. After the tree is stable, remove the wire rope and remove the bottom plate to fill it with soil. After supporting the tree stably, you can remove the upper board of the wooden box and the cattail bags. Fill about 1/3 of the pit with soil. Then the four side box boards can be removed, taken out, and filled with soil in layers and compacted to the ground level.

Chapter 9 Later Maintenance and Management of Trees

9.0.1 The maintenance and management of large trees after transplantation is particularly important. The first year after planting is the key and should be focused on improving the survival of the tree. To carry out the comprehensive maintenance and management work of the center, the necessary funds and organizational guarantees should first be provided. Set up dedicated personnel to formulate specific maintenance measures and carry out maintenance management. 9.0.2 Watering should be timely and the amount of water should be sufficient, depending on the growth needs of the trees and climate changes. After watering, the weirs should be cultivated or sealed. Green trees should also be sprayed with water on their leaves, and water should be sprayed on the leaves during the rainy season. Attention should be paid to drainage, and there should be no accumulation of water in the tree weir. 9.0.3 After transplanting deciduous trees, pay attention to pruning, remove tillers and buds, and gradually change the tree shape after it survives and grows. 9.0.4 For trees prone to diseases and insect pests, special personnel should be regularly observed and measures should be taken for timely prevention and control. 9.0.5 Strengthen care and maintenance to prevent natural disasters and man-made damage.