Sanhua plum is the seasonal fruit in May. Many people like to eat it, not only because it tastes good, but also because of its nutrients. So let's introduce its cultivation. How many Sanhua plums are planted on an acre of land? Planting techniques of Sanhua plum?
How many Sanhua plums are planted in one acre:
1. Generally, the row spacing of plums is 4m, the spacing between plants is 3m, and there are 55 trees per mu. Dwarf species are relatively dense, 4*2 meters, 80 trees up and down, with zigzag branches.
2. On the flat land, the row spacing is 3m, the plant spacing is 3m, one plant is planted every 9 square meters, and 75 plants are planted 1 mu. On the hillside or the flat land with poor soil layer, the row spacing is 3m, the plant spacing is 2.5m, one plant is planted every 7.5m, and 89 plants are planted 1 mu. Some growers will also choose aggregation planting technology, planting 1 10 plants per mu. In short, more than 80 branches per mu can maximize profits.
Planting techniques of Sanhua plum;
The selection and planting of Sanhua plum with relative density in Scientific Research Park 1 and Zhonghua Garden No.8 have strong applicability to the weather, but the selection of Zhonghua Garden No.8 is very critical to achieve stable and high yield. Generally choose sunny, thick soil layer, loose, rich, good drainage pipe hillside or slope to build the garden. Generally, the soil type is good, the trunk is very large, and the relative planting density is 5×4m, with 33 plants per 667m2. However, in agricultural land and tidal flat land with poor soil layer, it can be moderately sparsely planted, with row spacing of 3-4m and plant spacing of 2-3m, with 55-11plant per 667 plants. According to the standardization regulations, the cultivated land should be planted by building a pasture with the same level.
2. Dig a pit and backfill soil before planting. Dig a transplant hole with length 100cm and depth of 80cm. When digging a hole, dig vertically downwards, with the same length and width, and put the subsoil and subsoil aside. When backfilling, fill the subsoil at the bottom of the pit first, and then put it into weeds, green manure crops, compost and waste in layers. The subsoil, farmyard manure (1 kg) and phosphate fertilizer (1- 1.5 kg) are fully mixed and filled into the middle and upper end of the pit to make a mound with a diameter of 100cm, which is 20cm higher than the road surface, so as to prevent insufficient backfilling, water accumulation and root rot in the pit after the soil layer moves down.
3 Planting stage and planting method Sanhua plum is a peach tree with leaves, which should be planted before the germination period of green seedlings in spring, with high survival rate; Spring seedlings can also be transplanted after maturity, that is, around the vernal equinox, but the survival rate is low. When transplanting, first dig a hole in the middle of the mound, and then put the green seedlings in the hole to let the roots extend naturally. The planting depth shall be based on the original seedling base depth, and the soil layer shall not be covered with grafting method. One hand holds the tractor to green the seedlings, and the other hand fills the soil to make the soil fully contact with the roots, then steps on it and turns over a layer of soil to make a tree trunk with a slightly lower middle and a slightly higher periphery. Immediately after planting, the green seedlings should be watered thoroughly with root water, and once every two days in sunny days to ensure the survival of the green seedlings.
The effective fertilization amount is 1. Fertilization on young trees is carried out several times according to the characteristics of long tails of young trees. Young trees of Sanhua plum are cultivated in spring, summer and autumn in one year. Fertilization of young trees should adhere to the standard of diligent application and thin application. The key to fertilization is before and after the bud. Generally, the use mode of one branch and two fertilizers is selected, that is, before the new buds sprout, the new buds sprout vigorously, and the base fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer. It is best to use retted human and animal manure water twice every 50kg+ urea solution 100- 150g. In the first year, apply 3-5 kg to each plant and add 1-2 times of water. In the second and third years, the amount of fertilization will be moderately increased. You can also use urea solution 150-200g and water 50kg for irrigation, or use the method of spreading fertilizer immediately after rain.
2. Fertilization of the fruit tree The fertilization of the fruit tree of Sanhua plum includes: ① base fertilizer. Base fertilizer should be applied early in autumn, which has a significant effect on restoring plant type, enriching flower buds and improving working ability in winter. Practice has proved that applying base fertilizer in autumn is very important for Sanhua plum to get a bumper harvest. The base fertilizer is mainly slow-acting organic fertilizer, supplemented by organic fertilizer. Every year, the organic fertilizer, filter mud and calcium magnesium phosphate are piled up in advance. From September to June, the furrow fertilization method is selected (two corresponding ditches are dug at the drip line of the trunk, with a length of 80- 100cm, a width of 50cm and a depth of 60-80cm), and 50cm of organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium are applied to each plant. Put weeds, green manure crops, soil cake fertilizer, etc. first. At the bottom of the ditch (65,438+0 kg of quicklime powder should be added to the soil with high acidity and alkalinity to neutralize the acidity and alkalinity of the soil layer), and then the organic fertilizer (pig manure, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, etc.) should be fully mixed. ) Take soil and fill it in the middle and upper end of the ditch. The backfill soil should be 20cm higher than the road surface to prevent the roots from rotting after the soil layer moves down.
2 flowers are fat. In order to promote the germination period of Cinnamomum camphora, 0.5 kg of urea solution, 0.5 kg of potassium chloride or compound fertilizer 1 kg were applied to the tree half a month before flowering, and the trunk was placed in the ditch in drip line, then sprayed with water and filled with soil.
③ Strong fruit and fertilizer. The top dressing time of strong fruit fertilizer is from March to April, which is the key stage of fruit growth and development and spring shoot growth and development. However, due to more precipitation at this stage, the outflow of nutrients from the soil layer is more serious. In order to achieve the normal growth of fruits and branches, it is necessary to apply a quick-acting fertilizer. If the nutrients are insufficient, it will endanger the growth and development of spring shoots and produce a large number of physiological fruit losses. Potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and 0.3-0.5kg urea solution and 0.5kg potassium chloride or 1kg compound fertilizer are applied to each plant, and the fertilization method is even before fertilization. Or applying compost bran fertilizer, and applying compost peanut bran fertilizer water 15-20kg per plant, the fruit quality is better.
(4) picking fruit fertilizer. Because fruit trees consume a lot of organic chemical nutrients, in order to repair plant type and promote flower bud differentiation, the method of furrow application was chosen. The quick-acting fertilizer mainly based on base fertilizer was applied once after fruit picking, with urea solution 1kg, potassium chloride 0.5kg or compound fertilizer 1.5kg per plant. Or 20-25kg compost organic fertilizer is applied to each plant.
3. Cover the soil and cover the fruit perfectly. Cover the soil in the whole garden with a depth of 5- 10 cm, and part of the fine roots on the surface of the implant should be cut off. At the same time, lime powder should be applied to the whole garden once. After one week, 0.25 kg of potassium chloride should be applied to the plants or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed on the leaves. Then cover the trunk with awn dustpan and weeds. , to prevent dry weather in high temperature and improve soil organic matter.
Protect flowers and improve fruit setting rate. Spraying 0. 1% borax in bud stage, and using 0.2% urea solution +0.2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Lv Wang No.2 to prevent the development of sprayer after flowers wither. When the fruit is light in color, uneven in size, rainy or high in temperature, 30-60 ppm 920+0. 1% urea solution or ". If the temperature is high in the early stage and extremely low in the middle and late stage, 5 ppm2-d blended foliar fertilizer should be used for flower protection after rain or rainy day. If the temperature is high and the sunshine is obvious, the application of 2,4-D should be stopped.
Plastic pruning 1, the key to plastic young trees is closely around plastic, which can quickly promote the harvest of trunk. After transplanting, when the main stem reaches the back 40 cm, the top is picked. After that, select 3-4 new shoots with vigorous growth and balanced top distribution, shape them into first-class branches, and remove the others. When the first branch reaches the back of 25-30cm, the top is picked again to promote its branch, and then each new shoot grows 25-30cm. After a year of plastic surgery, cutie has been shaped into a naturally happy harvest tree.
2. Pruning: It is carried out from dead leaves to budding in camphor trees, and all the last branches and blind branches over 30cm are cut short 1/3- 1/4, which can not only control the vegetative growth of tree stems, but also achieve the practical effect of draining terminal buds and improve the quality of buds. At the same time, dry trunk branches, drooping branches, slender branches, pests and diseases, and improve the light transmission standard of natural ventilation. In addition, overlapping branches and dense branches shrink by 1/4 of the total number of 3-5 years old branches every year. Pruning can make the stem structure reasonable, and then increase the total number of short branches of peach trees, promote the symmetry and firmness of spring shoots, and give play to its specialty of increasing production and quality.