Dalian ranks first in the national environment.
Our reporter Huang Kangsheng.
The past 20 years have witnessed the fastest urban development in China.
During the period of 1990-200 1 year, the number of prefecture-level cities in China increased from 188 to 269, and the number of mega-cities with a population of over one million increased from 3 1 to 4 1, and the proportion of urban coverage to the national territory increased from 65,438+. In 200 1 year, the total urban population accounted for 37.7% of the national total population, which was 0.3 percentage points higher than that in 1990. In 20001year, the gross domestic product (GDP) of cities above the prefecture level (excluding counties under the jurisdiction of the city) in China increased from 654.38+670.8 billion yuan in190 to 5505.7 billion yuan, with an average annual growth of 15.5% at comparable prices. 200 1 year, urban per capita GDP is 18322.9 yuan, which is 4.8 times of 1990 and 1.4 times higher than the national average.
Under the leadership of Dr. Ni Pengfei from the Institute of Finance and Trade of China Academy of Social Sciences, experts from dozens of famous universities, local colleges, authoritative statistical departments and enterprise R&D institutions gathered together. After more than half a year, through in-depth investigation and careful study, using the latest data, perfect indicators and advanced calculation methods, the main aspects of the competitiveness of 200 major cities in China were evaluated authoritatively and fairly, and it was officially announced in February this year.
According to the comparative data of this report, the top cities in China 10 are Hong Kong, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Beijing, Macau, Guangzhou, Dongguan, Suzhou, Tianjin and Ningbo (excluding cities in Taiwan Province Province). The representative cities of the three metropolitan areas are undoubtedly the most competitive cities in China today. Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, and a number of prefecture-level cities along the eastern coast have strong competitiveness and rapid improvement. In contrast, the competitiveness of mining cities in urgent need of transformation is obviously weak in the wave of market economy.
In this report, the comprehensive competitiveness index consists of 12 indicators such as human capital competitiveness, capital competitiveness and scientific and technological competitiveness. On the basis of studying the comprehensive competitiveness of 200 cities, the Report classified and evaluated 47 most competitive cities (excluding cities in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). The ranking status of each index is as follows:
1. Talent competitiveness
Talent competitiveness index consists of human resource quantity index, human resource quality index, human resource allocation index, human resource demand index and human resource education index.
The top 10 are: Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Nanjing, Jinan and Wuhan. After 10 are Zhoushan, Huzhou, Haikou, Zhuhai, Weihai, Taizhou, Huizhou, Quanzhou, Jiaxing and Qinhuangdao. In this respect, big cities are obviously superior to small and medium-sized cities.
2. Financial capital competitiveness
The competitiveness of financial capital consists of capital quantity index, capital quality index, financial control index and capital acquisition convenience index.
The top 10 places are: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Xiamen and Dalian-Qingdao. After 10: Yantai, Zhuhai, Nantong, Weihai, Kunming, Hefei, Xuzhou, Changzhou, Qinhuangdao and Zhengzhou-Changsha. Obviously, big cities with high extroversion have more competitive advantages in financial capital than other cities.
3. Scientific and technological competitiveness
The competitiveness of science and technology consists of three indexes: comprehensive strength of science and technology, innovation ability of science and technology and transformation ability of science and technology.
The former 10 is: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Qingdao, Wuhan, Jinan, Xi 'an and Hangzhou, and the latter 10 is: Huzhou, Zhoushan, Xuzhou, Haikou, Foshan, Qinhuangdao, Nantong, Nanchang, Taizhou and Changzhou. Judging from the ranking, the scientific and technological competitiveness of big cities is obviously higher than that of small and medium-sized cities.
4. Structural competitiveness
Structural competitiveness consists of industrial structure upgrading index, economic structure transformation speed index, economic system soundness index, economic system flexibility and adaptability index and industrial agglomeration index.
The top 10 are: Ningbo, Shaoxing, Guangzhou, Wenzhou, Dongguan, Huzhou, Taizhou, Beijing, Xi 'an and Huizhou. After 10 are Zhengzhou, Zhuhai, Shijiazhuang, Xuzhou, Kunming, Hangzhou, Qinhuangdao, Nantong, Weihai and Quanzhou.
5. Infrastructure competitiveness
Infrastructure competitiveness consists of external infrastructure index, information technology infrastructure index and infrastructure cost index.
The top 10 are: Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Dalian, Nanjing, Xiamen, Wuxi, Fuzhou, Qinhuangdao and Ningbo. The post 10 places are: Zhongshan, Jinan, Weihai, Huizhou, Changsha, Yantai, Zhengzhou, Huzhou, Foshan and Dongguan. The infrastructure of eastern cities is generally better than that of central and western regions.
6. Regional comprehensive competitiveness
The comprehensive location competitiveness index consists of natural location convenience index, economic location advantage index, resource location advantage index and political and cultural location advantage index.
The top 10 are: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Shenyang, Chengdu, Nanjing, Tianjin, Chongqing and Hangzhou. The post 10 positions are: Zhongshan, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Zhoushan, Weihai, Huizhou, Foshan, Yantai, Xuzhou and Huzhou. The regional competitiveness of large and medium-sized cities is generally stronger than that of small cities.
7. Environmental competitiveness
The index system of environmental competitiveness includes four aspects: urban environmental quality index, urban environmental comfort index, urban natural environment beauty index and urban artificial environment beauty index.
The top 10 are: Dalian, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Qingdao, Beijing, Zhongshan, Kunming and Xiamen. After 10: Shijiazhuang, Changchun, Zhengzhou, Dongguan, Changsha, Nanchang, Huizhou, Taizhou, Harbin and Huzhou.
Generally speaking, the environmental competitiveness of southern cities is obviously stronger than that of northern cities, coastal cities are slightly stronger than inland cities, and tourist cities are generally stronger. However, serious environmental pollution in some cities, especially tourist cities, needs attention.
8. Cultural competitiveness
The index system of cultural competitiveness includes value orientation index, entrepreneurship index, innovation atmosphere index and communication ethics index.
The top 10 are Shenzhen, Shanghai, Wuxi, Zhongshan, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Wenzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo and Jinan. After 10 are Zhengzhou, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Zhoushan, Changsha, Qinhuangdao, Yantai, Changchun, Weihai and Hefei.
The southeast coastal areas and Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions have obvious advantages in cultural competitiveness. Strong innovation atmosphere, strong entrepreneurial spirit and good communication ethics make these areas full of vitality in economic and social development and become the fastest growing areas in China since the reform and opening up.
9. Institutional competitiveness
The index system of institutional competitiveness consists of five indicators: the degree of property rights protection, the degree of freedom of individual economic decision-making, the degree of market development, the degree of government approval and control, and the degree of legal perfection.
The top 10 are Shenzhen, Wenzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Zhongshan, Huzhou and Xiamen. The post 10 positions are: Xuzhou, Zhengzhou, Harbin, Changchun, Qinhuangdao, Changsha, Wuhan, Shenyang, Fuzhou and Kunming.
Generally speaking, cities in Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal areas, especially small and medium-sized cities with rapid development of private economy since the reform and opening up, have strong institutional competitiveness. In contrast, although the Pearl River Delta region has developed rapidly, its institutional competitiveness is still slightly weaker than that of Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions.
10. government management competitiveness
The index system of government management competitiveness includes government planning ability index, government marketing ability index, government social cohesion index, government financial ability index, government law enforcement ability index, government service ability index and government innovation ability index.
The top 10 are: Shanghai, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Beijing, Ningbo, Wuxi, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Shenzhen and Qingdao. After 10: Changchun, Quanzhou, Xuzhou, Hefei, Qinhuangdao, Haikou, Changzhou, Changsha, Fuzhou and Zhengzhou.
Generally speaking, the competitiveness of government management in coastal areas is higher, and the competitiveness of government management in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces is the highest; Secondly, in the Pearl River Delta region, the city governments in the Pearl River Delta region need to be improved in some aspects; At the same time, the management competitiveness of inland and northern city governments is also improving.
1 1. Enterprise management competitiveness
The index system of enterprise management competitiveness includes five aspects: management application level, management technology and experience, incentive and restraint performance, product and service quality and economic benefit of enterprise management.
The top 10 are Shenzhen, Wenzhou, Guangzhou, Suzhou, Ningbo, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Qingdao, Beijing and Wuxi. After 10: Xuzhou, Qinhuangdao, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Tianjin, Hefei, Taizhou, Shenyang, Dongguan and Kunming.
The advantages of coastal cities are obvious, especially in Shanghai and nearby Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou, the Pearl River Delta region with Guangzhou and Shenzhen as the core, and the coastal areas of Zhejiang. The management competitiveness of Fujian coastal cities is slightly lower; Except Qingdao, other coastal cities in Shandong need to improve their management competitiveness.
12. Open competitiveness
The index system of open competitiveness includes four aspects: the degree of economic internationalization, the degree of economic regionalization, the index of humanistic internationalization and the index of social exchange.
The top 10 are Shenzhen, Huizhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Shanghai, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Suzhou, Zhuhai and Beijing. After 10: Xuzhou, Zhoushan, Shijiazhuang, Changsha, Qinhuangdao, Changchun, Yantai, Weihai, Nanchang and Zhengzhou.
The social exchange index reflects the desire and ability of the city to communicate with the outside world. In addition to the coastal areas, some cities that advocate openness and are keen on communication, such as Nanjing, Chengdu and Wuhan, also have strong social communication skills.
Generally speaking, the open competitiveness of coastal areas is obviously higher than that of inland cities. This is not only because coastal cities are open early and have a high level, but also because coastal areas have frequent foreign exchanges in history and the overall level of economic development is relatively high. At the same time, the economic and cultural exchanges between inland cities and foreign countries are increasingly strengthened, and the competitiveness of opening up is constantly improving. (People's Daily Overseas Edition April 16)