Female ligation, also called tubal ligation, is a simple, safe and effective sterilization method with few side effects. Its contraceptive principle is to close the fallopian tube passage, so that eggs can not be combined with it, thus achieving the purpose of contraception. As long as the fallopian tubes are not connected, female ligation is a permanent and once-and-for-all contraceptive method. At present, ligation is divided into three methods: traditional tubal ligation, menstrual tubal ligation and drug blocking (drug sterilization). 1. Traditional tubal ligation: surgical ligation. The wound of this operation is only two to three centimeters. The fallopian tube is ligated and surgically sutured. The advantages are simple and effective, and usually only half-body anesthesia or even local anesthesia is needed. There is no need for hospitalization after operation, and the cost is relatively low. The timing of the operation is generally the second day of natural delivery, because at this time, the postpartum has not been retracted, and the position of the fallopian tube is close to both sides of the navel, so the operation can be performed at the skin depression of the navel, so the postoperative wound is not obvious. Of course, it can also be ligated at ordinary times, but at this time, the position of the fallopian tube has returned to the pelvic cavity, and the ligated wound will be more obvious. As for the simultaneous ligation during caesarean section, it is also very common in clinic. This operation has no problem of increasing scars at all. 2. Tubal ligation: The advantage of this operation is that there is no scar problem on the stomach at all. The operation was performed under semi-anesthesia, and there was no need to be hospitalized after operation. However, the operation is difficult and there are many chances of bleeding, infection and complications, so it is not suitable for postpartum surgery, so it is rarely used. 3. Drug sterilization: it is a sterilization method of injecting chemical drugs into the fallopian tube through the uterine cavity to block the lumen of the fallopian tube without surgery. Because the drugs currently used are corrosive, the patch technology requires high requirements, and improper mastery will cause serious reactions. If you want to get pregnant again for some reason, there is almost no chance of re-communication, so it has not been popularized and needs further research and improvement. Indications for female ligation First, when a married woman gives birth to a child, both husband and wife voluntarily request sterilization; Secondly, women who suffer from chronic liver and kidney diseases such as severe heart disease, cardiac insufficiency, liver and kidney dysfunction and some genetic diseases and are not suitable for pregnancy can also do this operation to achieve the effect of infertility. Contraindications for female ligation 1. Abdominal skin infection and genital infection cannot be done. Second, the body is too weak to withstand this operation, such as postpartum hemorrhage, shock, heart failure and so on. Third, if the temperature is above 37.5 degrees twice in 24 hours, it should not be done. Fourth, it is not suitable for pregnancy. Fifth, there are serious mental patients who need to suspend surgery. The best time for ligation is 1, and non-pregnancy should be carried out within 3-7 days after menstruation is completely clean. 2. Early or late induced abortion can be operated immediately, but it is not easy to operate within 65,438+0 months after spontaneous abortion and expired abortion. For women who wear rings, the rings should be removed first and then sterilized. 3. Puerperal inpatients are generally in good condition and can be operated after 6 hours after delivery; Natural delivery outside the hospital requires hospitalization observation 1-2 days before operation. For dystocia, you need to stay in hospital for 4-5 days, and then perform surgery when there are no special circumstances. 4, lactation can be carried out within 3-7 days after menstrual recovery. Those who have not recovered from menstruation can choose one-day operation, but pregnancy must be ruled out. 5, cesarean section or other gynecological surgery, tubal ligation at the same time. One of the sequelae of female ligation: Many women have normal menstruation before tubal ligation. However, after tubal ligation, menstrual cycle disorder, too much or too little menstruation, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and less menstrual flow occur, which is called menstrual disorder after tubal ligation. The second sequela of ligation: irregular bleeding during menstruation. This is due to follicular rupture, estrogen fluctuation, unable to maintain the growth of intima, resulting in local ulceration and shedding of intima surface, and a small amount of breakthrough bleeding. This is the phenomenon of bleeding during ovulation. After ovulation, the follicle quickly turns into corpus luteum, and the lutein can secrete a certain amount of estrogen and progesterone, so that the ruptured endometrium can be quickly repaired and the bleeding can stop automatically. Therefore, the amount of bleeding during ovulation is generally very small, and it will stop automatically after a few hours or days. No treatment is needed. The third sequela of ligation: Women with emotional instability will have the following emotional changes after tubal ligation: emotional tension and anxiety, easy to get angry, often lose their temper, and accompanied by memory loss. There are pessimistic and melancholy emotions, which are manifested as depression, silence and depression, accompanied by poor appetite, weight loss, decline and accelerated heart rate. The fourth sequela of ligation: the main performance of sexual life is to reduce and not want to have sex. The fifth sequela of ligation: chronic low back pain, abdominal pain, irregular menstruation, physical decline, burnout, emaciation, obesity, anorexia nervosa, nausea, etc. Some people speculate that the cause of ligation syndrome is that some blood vessels entering the ovary may be destroyed during ligation, and hormones from the pituitary ovary may be reduced, so the work of the ovary will be abnormal. The above five points are sequela of ligation, also called symptoms after ligation. In fact, ligation also has some side effects. More and more studies show that ligation may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. It is impossible for women to have children after ligation. If a woman wants to have another child after ligation, she can have tubal recanalization now, and if the operation is successful, she can have another child. Ligation is good or bad, you need to weigh it yourself! (This article comes from the Internet. If in doubt, please delete it on this site. )