1, popular plastic surgery
From the situation of various countries, we also find that the activity level and people's attitude towards plastic surgery in a country and region reflect the degree of economic prosperity and social openness. China women who were coquettish in tight clothes in the early days were always looked down upon by people with narrow eyes. Now, does anyone want to go back to that gray age? Women are the representative symbols of a country and region. Women not only need beauty, but society should also encourage them to pursue beauty. We will find that the more glamorous the women in which country are, the more delicious the people in which country are.
At present, there are many cosmetic surgery for women, the most popular ones are eye, nose, face, wrinkle removal, breast augmentation and weight loss. Women should also have a correct attitude towards these operations and not be blindly optimistic. You know, plastic surgery is just an adjustment method.
Rhinoplasty nose is located in the prominent position in the center of the face, and the shape of the nose has a great influence on everyone's appearance. At present, surgical rhinoplasty is more common, that is, a small incision is made at the edge of the nostril, and the postoperative scar is not obvious.
Double eyelid surgery is double eyelid surgery, which can make tiny eyes bigger, so as to achieve beautiful and moving eyes. There are many methods, such as ligation, layering, catgut embedding and incision. This new method can be operated by laser.
Wrinkle removal is to separate the skin of the face and neck from the tissue structure on it, and then tighten and fix it backwards, mainly upward, so as to flatten or eliminate the wrinkles and wrinkles on the surface and change the aging and sagging of some parts. Methods include frontotemporal rhytidectomy, small incision rhytidectomy, laser rhytidectomy, collagen and expanded PTFE filling rhytidectomy.
The methods of breast enhancement include prosthesis implantation and breast suspension. Injection of breast enhancement has been banned in China because of the great sequelae.
The removal of eye bags mainly includes skin approach and lower eyelid conjunctival approach, the latter is suitable for the correction of eye bags in young people. Common pouch surgery is to make a small incision in the eyelid and take out the fat, which can be completed in half an hour.
There are 9 common liposuction sites in liposuction: cheek, upper arm, upper abdomen, lower abdomen, waist, hip, inner thigh, outer thigh and lower leg. The operation time of each part is about 30 minutes, and the safe amount of liposuction is 2000 ~ 3000 ml.
Facial contour modification generally refers to the change of mandibular angle hypertrophy or square face deformity. There are several methods, such as autologous fat particle injection, biological glue injection, artificial bone powder injection, solid silicone rubber embedding, liposuction, bone cutting and so on.
2. Common risks of cosmetic surgery
I. double eyelid surgery
1, the double eyelids are too wide or too narrow, the double eyelids are too deep, and the double eyelid line is too long or too short.
Mainly due to improper design: improper preoperative design scheme makes the double eyelids not conform to the holistic view or national psychology, which is unnatural; When designing the double eyelid line during operation, the degree of skin relaxation is estimated incorrectly, which leads to too wide or too narrow. This kind of question needs to be revised several times.
2. Asymmetry, poor radian, disappearance of double eyelids and multilayer double eyelids
Mainly design errors, improper operation and mistakes during operation, which need to be revised again.
3, ptosis, ptosis, ptosis.
Because of the wrong operation, the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris was damaged, the fat of the orbital septum was removed and the skin was too much. Some mild blepharoptosis is aggravated after operation, which needs reoperation, and the latter needs surgery according to the correction method of blepharoptosis.
Second, remove the bags under the eyes
1, lower eyelid ectropion
Due to excessive peeling and muscle removal. Treatment, such as pressure dressing, can be gradually recovered, and severe cases need surgical repair, some of which are quite difficult. Prevention first, rather conservative than excessive.
2. Lower eyelid depression
Because of the excessive resection of orbital septum fat, it is necessary to operate again and fill the depression with fat from surrounding tissues or other parts.
Third, rhinoplasty
1, poor shape: the bridge of the nose is too high, too wide, too long, and the radian is not good.
It is mainly caused by improper design: there is no design according to the overall appearance of the subject or the lack or difference of aesthetic concepts. After designing according to some imagination or pictures, there are some regrets and surgical changes are needed.
2. Skew, floating prosthesis and perforation
Because the cavity in which the prosthesis is implanted is too large, the prosthesis is prone to deflection; The prosthesis with shallow implantation level has a sense of floating activity and can even be seen; If the prosthesis is too big and too long, it is easy to cause the nose to burst and need surgical correction.
Fourth, facial wrinkle removal
1, baldness, too wide scar
During the operation, the hair duct is damaged or the blood supply is damaged, which leads to baldness. Some people with sparse hair and less dense scalp vascular network are prone to this situation. Too much peeling and too tight incision can easily lead to too wide scar, which can be improved by hair transplantation and scar reduction.
2. Facial nerve injury
Unfamiliar anatomy is easy to damage facial nerve, and there are nerve injuries caused by anatomical variation factors. After facial nerve injury, facial expression is difficult to repair, and prevention is very important.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Prosthetic augmentation mammoplasty
1, capsular contracture
Due to the thickening and contracture of the prosthesis capsule, the breast feels hard and even changes in appearance. At present, the cause is still unknown and it is difficult to predict completely. According to statistics, the incidence rate in China is about 5%, which is slightly higher abroad. Surgical repair is needed after the occurrence, but contracture may occur again.
2. Asymmetry
There is the possibility of asymmetry of implantation, and there is also the possibility of prosthesis displacement caused by upper limb activity after operation. Of course, there are congenital thoracic asymmetry, bilateral breast tissue and muscle fat asymmetry. Non-congenital factors can be corrected by timely adjustment, and those who are ineffective need surgery.
3. The shape is unnatural
Mainly related to improper choice of prosthesis. The size of the prosthesis should be properly selected according to its own situation. Too large or too high prosthesis, the edge is easy to be exposed, and the shape is unnatural.
Six, liposuction
1, uneven asymmetry
Due to the operation, it can also be caused by insufficient postoperative compression and restraint, poor skin retraction, hydrops and so on. Mild patients can get better after a period of tights. Severe cases require reoperation.
2, skin necrosis
Due to the thin subcutaneous suction, the thermal effect of some probes (such as ultrasonic liposuction probes) and the postoperative pressure are tightly bound. It is feasible to reduce the scar left by skin necrosis.