Bauhinia Bauhinia, also known as Bauhinia, is a big and beautiful flower that opens in late autumn. It is a famous flower and leaf viewing tree species in southern China.
[Morphological characteristics]
Small evergreen tree. The bark is smooth, gray to brown. Leaves nearly cordate, 2-lobed to 1/3 ~ 1/2, apex rounded or obtuse, base cordate or round. The corymb branches are conical, with large flowers, the calyx tube is 0.7 ~ 1.3 cm long, the base is 2-lobed, the lobes are recurved, the petals are oblanceolate, reddish and 4 ~ 5 cm long. Pods are banded, with a length of 13 ~ 24 cm and a width of 2 ~ 3 cm, and seeds of 12 ~ 15. Flowering period is September ~165438+1October (see color map 29).
There are many kinds of plants belonging to the same genus, and the common ornamental plants are: red bauhinia (B.variegata), white bauhinia (B.acuminata), yellow bauhinia (B.tomentosa) and so on.
[distribution]
Produced in Xishuangbanna, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other provinces, distributed in Indochina Peninsula, Malay Peninsula, India, Sri Lanka and other places.
[habit]
Bauhinia is a tropical tree species, which is not cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant and grows fast. Seedlings can blossom and bear fruit at the age of 2. The requirements for soil are not strict, and deep, rich and well-drained soil is suitable. When I was a child, I liked humidity and shade, and trees liked light.
[Propagation, Cultivation and Maintenance]
Bauhinia mainly depends on seed reproduction, and can also be cut. Sow immediately after harvesting in summer and autumn, or dry the seeds and store them for next spring sowing. The sowing depth will be too deep to see the seeds and affect the emergence of seedlings. After sowing, it should be permeable to water, and the soil should be moist frequently, but it should not accumulate water. After the seedlings come out together, you can pour a small amount of dilute liquid fertilizer, which should be light and not thick. When the plant height is about 20 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm× 25 cm, and the average plant height is 3 m or DBH 3 ~ 4 cm, it can be planted in the nursery. It can bloom after 2 ~ 3 years of survival.
Transplanting should be carried out in February-March in early spring, with soil for small seedlings and soil balls for large seedlings. Bauhinia is robust, simple in cultivation and extensive in management. Choose a sunny place to plant, not soil. When transplanting, if you can apply some decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, make up water after planting, and pay attention to make up water when the weather is dry in the future, you will grow vigorously and flowers will flourish. A little pruning and shaping should be done in the young tree period, and the tree can grow naturally if it is neat.
Bauhinia is potted in the north. Potted people should have enough water and high humidity in spring and summer, and avoid direct sunlight in hot summer. It should be dry in autumn and winter, and overwinter in greenhouse in winter, with the minimum temperature above 5℃.
Common pests are white moth wax cicada, wax bag moth, tea moth, cotton aphid and so on. So pay attention to prevention and control.
[Appreciation and Application]
Bauhinia has a spreading crown and drooping branches and leaves. In South China cities such as Guangzhou, it is often used as street trees and landscape trees, and can be cultivated and viewed in greenhouses in the north.
3 1. What are the cultivation techniques of Ficus (Ficus of Moraceae)?
Ficus microcarpa
Banyan is a common street tree and landscaping tree species in South China, with lush foliage, huge crown and tangled air roots.
[Morphological characteristics]
Evergreen trees with strong branching ability and large crown. A large number of aerial roots can grow between the trunk and the lateral branches, hanging down like pillars, which is quite spectacular. The branches are smooth. Simple leaves alternate, oval to obovate, leathery, serrated all over, obvious and prominent veins on the back of leaves, and short petiole. Monogamy, same-sex mating, floret unisexuality. A single cryptocephalic inflorescence is inserted between leaf axils. The fruit developed from the inflorescence receptacle, without peduncle, spherical to obovate, yellow, reddish brown at maturity, and about 0.6 cm in diameter (see color picture 30).
[distribution]
It is native to Fujian, Taiwan Province and Guangdong provinces in China, and it is also wild in the mountainous areas of southern Zhejiang. The Ryukyu Islands in India, Malaysia and Japan are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.
[habit]
Although the banyan tree is native to the subtropical region, it has a certain degree of cold tolerance and can safely overwinter at the temperature of 5℃. In addition to South China and Southwest China, Ficus can also be cultivated in the open field in southern Zhejiang. Banyan is a positive plant, not afraid of sun exposure, but also quite tolerant of shade. It can be displayed indoors for a long time, and the leaves will not turn yellow.
Banyan has strong adaptability, likes loose and fertile acidic soil, can grow in barren sandy soil, and leaves turn yellow in alkaline soil. Not drought-resistant, more water-resistant and wet-resistant, and short-term waterlogging will not rot the roots. Poor growth in dry climate conditions, a large number of aerial roots can appear in humid air, which greatly improves the ornamental value.
[Propagation, Cultivation and Maintenance]
Although banyan can bear fruit every year, its seeds are very small and threshing is very difficult, so it is often propagated by cutting or layering.
(1) cutting propagation
When a large number of seedlings are raised in South China and Southwest China, cuttings are often carried out in the open seedbed in rainy season, and the survival rate can reach over 95%. In the north, in early May, 1 year-old whole branches can be picked and cut in flowerpots, wooden boxes or seedbeds; Cut the branch into three sections, leave 1 ~ 2 leaves at the top, and insert them into the plain sand; Shading maintenance: spray water 1 ~ 2 times a day to improve air humidity, without covering with plastic film, but pay attention to wind protection. After 20 days, you can take root one after another, and after 45 days, you can plant pots.
(2) Layered propagation
In order to cultivate big seedlings, layering can be carried out by using the soft characteristics of big branches of banyan trees. First, put a big flowerpot near the mother plant, which is filled with pot soil. Then, choose a big side branch with a good shape, bend it down and bury it in a flowerpot, and press a stone on it. Buried parts can take root without carving. Two months later, it was cut from the mother plant to form a larger potted plant. You can also select a few thick lateral branches from the crown of the mother plant for high-pressure propagation, which is not only quick to form, but also simple to operate.
The banyan tree is robust and adaptable, and can grow normally under extensive cultivation conditions. When raising seedlings, you should bring complete soil. When potted, it should be placed in a pot with alkali-free culture soil, and the pot should be turned over and changed every 2-3 years. When watering, master the principle of watering rather than drying, and don't suffer from drought; Fertilization should not be too much, and it should not be planted in large pots, so as to avoid the white branches and uncontrollable tree shapes. Top dressing liquid fertilizer can be used 3 ~ 5 times a year. In winter, you can enter the medium-temperature greenhouse for wintering, and you should see more sunshine. Generally, the furnishings of family rooms will not be frozen.
The purpose of potted banyan trees is mainly to make stump bonsai. Large potted plants can cultivate a trunk 1.5 ~ 2 meters high. By pruning, a small number of lateral branches are reserved, so that the lateral branches are concentrated at the top of the trunk, and the aerial roots hang down from the crown. The thick aerial roots are coiled around the trunk like a jade dragon, and the fine aerial roots naturally float like a shower of rain.
Banyan trees grow fast and have strong branching ability. If you want to raise the stump bonsai well, the key is how to control their growth, keep the established posture and prevent the branches from growing in vain. So don't change pots and soil every year, let alone apply too much fertilizer, and prune new branches at any time. Under the condition of not expanding crown width, the density of twigs and leaves can be appropriately increased. Only when the old roots in the basin die or the leaves fall off in large quantities can the basin be removed and replaced with soil. At the same time, the roots and lateral branches are strongly pruned to germinate new branches, leaves and roots again, and the plants are completely updated.
The main pests and diseases of Ficus microcarpa are: leaf blight, skin rot, Ficus microcarpa, silkworm moth, Ficus microcarpa, Cerambycidae, spiders and so on. Prevention and control methods: ① Prevent and reduce seedling damage, and paint the trunk white in winter. Scrape off the rotten skin and apply carbendazim and other drugs for disinfection. (2) Spraying pesticides such as cartap or phosphoramide to kill adults of Monochamus alternatus, and plugging insect holes with cotton balls dipped in liquid medicine. (3) Other pests spray dichlorvos, trichlorfon and deltamethrin. Or spray Bacillus thuringiensis.
[Appreciation and Application]
In subtropical areas such as South China and Southwest China, banyan trees can be used to beautify gardens and cultivate in the open field. Aerial roots hanging from the tree crown can create a natural landscape of tropical rain forest for the garden environment. Large potted plants can be used to decorate halls, halls, museums and houses, and can also be placed in small classical gardens; Stump bonsai can be used to decorate family rooms, offices and tea rooms, and can be placed in public places all year round without careful management and maintenance.