The "Chibi War" can be said to be the most written and detailed war in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Therefore, it also has the most fictional elements. From the thirty-fifth chapter "Xuande meets Nanzhang" It begins with "Zhuge Liang's wise calculation of Huarong, Guan Yun's long-term interpretation of Cao Cao", and ends with the fiftieth chapter of "Zhuge Liang's wise calculation of Huarong, Guan Yun's long-term interpretation of Cao Cao". There are sixteen chapters in which Cao Cao takes Jingzhou from the south and plans to conquer Yangzhou, but under the influence of Sun Liu The entire process of finally defeating the enemy despite the resistance of the coalition forces is described in detail, making readers excited and amazed. So, first of all, let us review the entire process of this battle in the novel.
First of all, Lu Kuang and Lu Xiang, the generals of the Cao army stationed in Fancheng, ordered five thousand troops to attack Xinye City defended by Liu Bei. However, Shan Fu planned to kill them both. Cao Ren, the general of Fancheng, was furious and ignored Li Dian's dissuasion. , with an army of 25,000, Shan Fu not only defeated Cao Ren in battle, but also attacked Fancheng and fled back to Xuchang.
Cao Cao planned to make a profit from Shan Fu. Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times, and finally asked Kong Ming to come out to help. In the middle, he narrated the story of Jiangdong: he killed Gui and Dai Xu in the battle, Jinfan thief Gan Ning surrendered to Wu, and then Liu Qi asked for advice and went out. Defend Jiangxia.
Cao Cao sent Xiahou Dun and others with 100,000 troops to attack Xinye. Zhuge Liang's first success was to burn Bowangpo. Kong Rong, who had resisted, was killed in shock. Cai Zhang took power and supported Liu Cong as his successor. Zhuge Liang sent Song Zhong to surrender to Cao Ying and defeated Cao Ren and Cao Hong.
Xu Shu. After being ordered to persuade Liu Bei to surrender, Liu Bei was blocked in Xiangyang and surrendered to Jiangling. Cai Zhanglai presented the Jingzhou Army with "50,000 horse troops, 150,000 infantry troops, 80,000 naval troops, and 280,000 troops." . Then the famous Changbanpo Zhao Yun rescued Adou, and Dangyang Bridge Zhang Fei came to rescue him. Liu Bei's army temporarily stabilized.
Lu Su led Kong Ming across the river and fought with the Confucians. Sun Quan decided to resist Cao and recalled Zhou Yu from Chaisang. Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Jin to persuade Zhuge Liang to return to Wu, but Zhou Yu wanted to ask Kong Ming to rob Cao's army of food and fodder. He was found out and tried to kill Liu Bei again. Fortunately, he was involved. Yu Baojia also failed. The war was imminent, and the allies fought among themselves.
Gan Xing dominated the Sanjiangkou, and Cai Hao and Zhang Yun built a water fortress. The counterattack made Cao Cao kill Cai and Zhang. Zhuge Liang sent a straw boat to borrow arrows, and Cao Cao sent Cai to use the opportunity. "Dan Ge Xing", the two armies contacted each other for the second time.
Zhuge Liang asked Zhou Yu to use the east wind to build the Seven Star Altar on Nanping Mountain. The prologue begins, but the author does not focus on the war, but goes off to other directions - Ding Feng and Xu Sheng go to the Seven Star Altar to capture Kong Ming, Kong Ming is supported by Zhao Yun and leaves, Zhou Yu kills Er Cai and raises his troops to sacrifice the flag, and Kong Ming sets up an ambush on Huarong Road. The more important the plot is, the more slowly and unhurriedly it unfolds. What a generous move!
The war finally started, "Zhou Yu set fire to Sanjiangkou" and "Guan Yun Changyi explained Cao Cao", but it took a little more than one chapter. Sure enough, the outcome of the real war was already determined before the war. The two armies faced each other, but it was a lively martial arts drama that did not require too much writing.
This is the "Red Cliff War" in the novel. The wars described in Chinese historical novels throughout the ages are led by this paragraph in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". The Battle of Chibi in history is also a very famous battle in which a small number defeated a large number. What was the scene like? Let us tell you slowly.
In "Book of Wei? Records of Emperor Wu", the description of the Battle of Chibi is very brief, saying only: "In December (208), Sun Quan prepared to attack Hefei. The Duke marched from Jiangling to prepare. Baqiu sent Zhang Xi to rescue Hefei. When Quan heard that Xi had arrived, he went to Chibi to prepare for the war. As a result, there was a great epidemic and many officials died, so he led the army back. "Taboo", regarding the rare defeats in Cao Cao's life, it is also a common method used by old historians to describe the rare defeats in Cao Cao's life, big and small, detailed but brief, and lightly and deftly. But the key problem is that this record is a bit deliberately confusing. It seems that Cao Cao was not defeated at all, but took the initiative to withdraw his troops because of the epidemic of plague in the army. It also seems that it was Liu Bei's army who fought against Cao Cao in Chibi, and Sun Quan did not have much trouble.
In "Book of Shu? Biography of the First Lord", he takes Liu Bei's position and describes it in a little more detail, saying: "The First Lord sent Zhuge Liang to marry Sun Quan, and Quan sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and other naval forces Tens of thousands of soldiers joined forces with the First Lord to fight against Cao Gong at Chibi. They defeated him and burned his boats. The First Lord and the Wu army advanced by land and water and pursued them to Nanjun. At that time, there was an epidemic and many of the Northern troops died, so Duke Cao led them back. It is basically the same as the record in "Wu Shu? Wu Zhu Zhuan". "Wu Shu" said: "Yu and Pu were the left and right governors, each leading ten thousand people. They advanced with the preparations. When they met at Chibi, they defeated Cao Gong's army. The Duke burned the remaining ships and retreated. The soldiers were starved and diseased, and most of them died. Bei, Yu and others pursued again. After arriving at Nanjun, Duke Cao returned to the north. "In comparison, this is quite believable.
Let’s start from the beginning. First of all, the killing of the Lu brothers and the burning of Xinye are all fictions of novelists, but the burning of Bowang may be real.
In the eighth year of Jian'an (203), when Liu Bei was committed to solving the problem of the Yuan brothers, he followed Liu Biao's order to attack Ye County southwest of Xuchang. Cao Cao sent Xiahou Dun and Yu Jin to fight, but Liu Bei faked defeat and Xiahou Dun He did not listen to the dissuasion of the general Li Dian and pursued and ambushed him. Fortunately, he was rescued by Li Dian. Another theory is that Xiahou Dun was ordered to attack Liu Bei, but Liu Bei deceived and defeated Bowang (it is not said whether he was attacked by fire) - if there was a fire on Bowang Slope, it was not Zhuge Liang who planned it, but Liu Bei. From then on until Cao Cao's pro-unification army marched south to Jingzhou, the two forces basically had no contact.
After Liu Biao's death, Liu Bei's power in Jingzhou expanded rapidly. When Cao's army moved south, Liu Bei had already occupied Fancheng. Taking this place as his base camp, he abandoned Fancheng and fled south, not Xinye. "The First Lord (Liu Bei) was stationed at Fan. He didn't know that Cao Cao's soldiers were arriving. When he arrived at Wan, he heard about it and sent them away. After passing Xiangyang, Zhuge Liang said that the First Lord would attack (Liu) Cong, and Jingzhou could be there. The First Lord said: 'I can't bear it.' ’ Then he stood on his horse and called Cong, but Cong was afraid and could not get up. Many people around Cong and Jingzhou returned to the late lord.” In this way, Liu Bei fled with a large number of people. Yu Li", and Cao Cao "thought that Jiangling had a strong army and was afraid that the First Lord would occupy it, so he released his heavy supplies and sent a light army to Xiangyang. When he heard that the First Lord had passed, Cao Cao rushed after him with five thousand elite cavalry, marching three times a day and one night. More than a hundred miles away, it reaches Changban in Dangyang."
Before Liu Bei escaped from Fancheng, Xu Shu did not surrender to Cao Cao. The so-called plots such as Cheng Yu's fake letter to earn Xu Shu's money and Xu's mother committing suicide are all fictitious. . After Zhuge Liang left Longzhong, Xu Shu and he assisted Liu Bei for a period of time. It was not until they escaped from Fancheng that they broke up because of an accident. When Liu Bei fled, "(Zhuge) Liang and Xu Shu followed together. They were chased by Cao Gong and captured his concubine's mother. The concubine resigned from her late master and pointed to her heart, saying: 'I wanted to fight with the general against those who seek to dominate the king, so use this square inch to get rid of them." The land is gone. Now that I have lost my mother, I am in a state of chaos, and it is of no use to me. Please say goodbye to me from now on."
About the Battle of Changbanpo, "Shu Shu Xianzhu Zhuan". It is said: "The former master abandoned his wife and rode away with Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and dozens of others. Cao Gong was greatly rewarded by his people's baggage." Regarding Zhao Yun's solo ride to save the savior, history books record: "The former master was taken by Cao Gong. Chasing after Dangyang Changban, abandoning his wife and running south, Yun Shen hugged the weak son, who is the queen's master, and protected Mrs. Gan, who is the queen's mistress. "It is indeed heroic, but it is too exaggerated in the novel. Passed. The novel says: "Zhao Yun embraced his master, broke through the siege, chopped down two banners, and seized three flags. He stabbed and slashed with spears and swords in front and back, killing more than fifty famous generals in Cao's camp." The first few sentences are reliable, but "killed" "There are more than fifty famous generals in Cao Cao's camp." Not to mention Cao Cao's pursuit of Liu Bei, there are only 5,000 elite cavalry, and there is an average of one famous general for every 100 people. Let's talk about the heroes who were killed by Zhao Yun in this battle: Chunyu Dao, Xiahou En, Yan Ming, Zhong Jin, and Zhong Shen have never shown their true identities before, so what kind of famous generals are they?
Zhang Fei fiercely resisted the Changban Bridge and ordered Cao Cao's soldiers to retreat. This sounds like fiction, but in fact it really happened. The description in the history book is very brief, but full of heroic spirit. He came to face him. Let's take a look - "When the First Lord heard that Duke Cao's death was coming, he abandoned his wife and left, and sent the flying generals to refuse the rear. Flying to the water and breaking the bridge, his eyes were filled with anger. Hengzhao said: "I am Zhang Yide, so I can come to the battlefield to fight to the death!" No enemy dared to approach, so he was spared."
The novel said about Cao Cao's strength in the Battle of Chibi. "The Ma Bu Navy had a total of 830,000, falsely claiming to be one million" is of course a fiction. Historical records are unclear about this, but later generations' statistical research shows that the actual strength of Cao Cao's army was around 230,000. In addition to Cao Cao's own troops, it also included the Northern Route Army that marched from Hanshui, consisting of the military commander Zhao Yan and Fenwei General Cheng. Yu Jin, Zhang Liao, Zhang He, Zhu Ling, Yue Jin, Lu Zhao, Feng Kai, Wenpin Qilu, and Xia Houyuan's grain transport troops were commanded by Yu. Therefore, there will not be more than 200,000 people confronting the Sun and Liu coalition forces in Chibi.
Bringing it back to Soochow, Lu Su heard that Liu Biao was dead in Jiangdong and asked to go to mourn him - he had been an enemy for many years. What kind of mourning was he doing? In fact, he had ulterior motives. He suggested to Sun Quan that he should check the situation. If the two sons of Liu Bei and Liu Biao could unite as one, they could temporarily put aside their hatred and join forces with Liu to fight against Cao. Otherwise, he would prepare to take advantage of the chaos. Unexpectedly, he heard that Liu Cong had surrendered just halfway, so he asked around and finally met Liu Bei. Liu Bei actually wanted to unite with Sun Quan, but he pretended to go to Wu Ju (mistakenly called "Wu Chen" in the novel). Wu Ju was a warlord who separatized parts of Guangdong Province today. Liu Bei said that he would go all the way to join him, setting the stage for him to withdraw from the competition in the Central Plains. Lu Su hurriedly persuaded Liu Bei to suit his ambitions, so he sent Zhuge Liang across the river to lobby Sun Quan.
The plot of "Talking with the Confucian Confucians" is a fiction in the novel, but it is very wonderfully fictionalized. The image of Zhuge Liang's wisdom and the ambivalence of the officials of Soochow are vividly displayed on the page. "Jiang Biao Zhuan" records that Cao Cao sent a letter to Sun Quan, which wrote: "The recent people have been ordered to attack the crime. Yan Hui points to the south, and Liu Cong restrains his hands. Today, there are 800,000 people in charge of the navy. Fang and the general will hunt in Wu." Sun Quan was frightened to death. Fortunately, Lu Su persuaded Sun Quan while he was in the toilet: "Now Su can welcome Cao Er, just like a general, why can't you say that you should pay back with Su? The township party, by appreciating its reputation and position, still does not lose the job of being a Cao Cao, rides on a cart, serves as an official, travels with scholars, and is tired of serving as an official, so it does not lose the state and county.
The general welcomes Cao, do you want to return home in peace? "——What are you thinking? If we surrender, you will still be an official and get a salary. If you surrender, where will Cao Cao put you?
So Sun Quan summoned Zhou Yu, and Zhou Yu also advocated a fight with Cao Cao: "Yu invited 30,000 elite soldiers (other records say he asked for 50,000), moved them into Xiakou, and secured him as a general to defeat them. "As for Zhuge Liang's wisdom to stimulate Zhou Yu, of course it is also a fiction. Some people think that these two sentences, "Erect two platforms on the left and right, with jade dragons and golden phoenixes; take two Qiao to the southeast, and have fun with each other day and night." Some people think that Zhuge Liang deliberately Misinterpretation, "Er Qiao" is regarded as "Second Bridge", but it refers to two flying bridges. But this explanation is even more ambiguous, because in fact, "Qiao Guolao" actually means "Qiao Guolao" and "Er Bridge". "Refers to a bridge or a person, who knows?
Haha, in fact, if you look up the time, it will all be clear. The Battle of Chibi was in the 13th year of Jian'an, and Cao Cao built the Tongque Tower in the 10th year of Jian'an. Five years, that is, two years after the Battle of Chibi, unless Zhuge Liang can really predict the future...
The battle of wits between Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang is mostly fictional for literary needs, but strangely, it is obvious even in the novel. It was pointed out that Zhou Yu was afraid that Zhuge Liang would "bring disaster to our country" rather than out of selfish motives. I don't know why it was spread around, but everyone thought that Zhou Yu was being narrow-minded. However, the story of "borrowing arrows from a straw boat" is also a fiction. There is a record of Sun Quan borrowing arrows from a straw boat. It was the 18th year of Jian'an, five years after the Battle of Chibi. Cao Cao attacked Ruxu, and Sun Quan came to greet him. "Wei Lue" said: "Quan came to watch the army in a big boat. The envoy's crossbow fired wildly, and the arrows hit his ship. The ship was too heavy and was about to capsize. Quan returned to the ship and received the arrows on one side. The arrows were all flat on the ship, so he returned them. "It is said that after this battle, Cao Cao sighed: "When you have a son, you should be like Sun Zhongmou, and Liu Jingsheng's son will be like a pig with dog ears! "
Let's bring it back to Chibi. Regarding the contact battle at Sanjiangkou, history records: "At that time, all of Cao Gong's troops were already ill. On the first day of the battle, the Gong's army retreated and retreated to the north of the Yangtze River. "So we set up a water stronghold, connected warships, and prepared for a long-term confrontation. There is no Pang Tong here, and the chain plan was probably thought up by Cao Cao himself. Okay, here is the much talked about "Qingyinghui Jiang Gan fell into the trap"... < /p>
Recently, I suddenly remembered a report I saw a few days ago. It said that some primary school students in a certain place became suspicious when they saw the article "The Battle of Red Cliff" in the Chinese textbook: "The burning warship was obviously Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang." How did it become Huang Gai's idea? Moreover, why did Zhuge Liang not appear in the entire battle? "Zhuge Liang did not appear. The text was adapted from the description in "Zi Zhi Tong Jian". It is history rather than romance. Elementary school students have not read official history, so it is understandable to have such doubts, but what is ridiculous is that they go Asked the teacher, the teacher, besides praising them for their independent thinking spirit and ability, was also confused - at least they should know how to go back and read the book. What kind of teacher is this?
Okay, it’s time for Kan Ze to surrender the letter. , this section is particularly wonderfully described. Although Kan Ze only appears in this section, his courage and resourcefulness are clearly visible on the paper. There is no record of who presented the false surrender letter in history, and there may not be such a person at all. This messenger was tied to an arrow in front of the two armies and shot into Cao's camp. Kanze, also known as Derun, was a famous scholar in Jiangdong. He was proficient in etiquette. He was a high-ranking official in Soochow. He is very knowledgeable, but no one knows whether he is as courageous as what is written in the novel.
When Jiang Qianer crossed Jiangdong, he invited Pang Tong to offer his plan. It's a bit ridiculous. Even Zhou Yu pretended to not pick him up and gave him a look. After that, he sent him to Xishan nunnery under house arrest. However, Cao Cao heard him say: "I flew to Soochow on a certain day without success. , deeply ashamed. Now I am willing to sacrifice my life and go again, to gain true faith and repay the Prime Minister. "Immediately" I was overjoyed and ordered Jiang Gan to board the ship. "Cao Cao is old. He is forgetful. He has forgotten all the "good things" that this little flower-faced man did in the past two days to Java? Or is it because the Peking Opera is well-written and Cao Cao ignored it? It was Jiang Qian who was dedicated to meritorious service. After pleading hard, Cao Cao reluctantly agreed.
Chapter 48: "Cao Cao composed a poem at a banquet in the Yangtze River and locked the warship with force." The prelude to the war began to unfold in full swing. Luo Guanzhong was highlighted here. Looking at the history books, this person is useless, and the outcome of this person is unknown. Since the plot requires it, just kill him with one knife. According to the novel, Cao Cao stabbed Liu Fu, the governor of Yangzhou, to death. It's a pity that he died at the wrong time. It happened to be the thirteenth year of Jian'an, which was the year of the Battle of Chibi... It would be strange that Luo Guanzhong didn't use his sacrificial sword. Then, the two armies came into contact again, and Yuan Shao surrendered Jiao Chu and Zhang Nan. It was cut off by the author casually.
Chapter 49: "Zhuge sacrificed to the wind at the Seven Star Altar, and Zhou Yu set fire to the Sanjiangkou". The war finally broke out. Everyone understood that this was the novelist's words. , there is no such thing in history, so there is no need to say more. Except for Cao Cao's defeat, there are not many other fictional plots, which are quite realistic. Interlude——
The end of this chapter says that Huang Gai was shot by Zhang Liao and fell into the water. He was left in suspense. The soldiers reported: "There was a man on the rear rudder shouting the name of the general." ’ Han Dang listened carefully, but he heard Gao shouting: ‘Yi Gong, save me? ’ He said: ‘This is Huang Gong’s overthrow! ’ The emergency teacher rescued him. Seeing that Huang Gai was injured by an arrow, he bit out the arrow shaft and the arrowhead was stuck in his flesh.
Han Dang hurriedly took off his wet clothes, cut out the arrowhead with a knife, tied it with a flag, took off his own shirt and put it on with the yellow cap, and ordered another ship to send him back to Dazhai for treatment. "This story comes from a section of "Book of Wu" quoted by Pei Shu: "In the battle of Chibi, the cover was hit by a stray arrow. When it was cold, it fell into the water. It was obtained by Wu soldiers. They didn't know the cover and put it in the toilet bed. Gai Ziqiang called out to Han Dang. When he heard it, he said, "This is the public response." ’ Weeping to him, he untied his clothes and survived. "Note that the word "toilet" means "side", it does not mean to put the yellow lid in the urinal...
This is the chapter - Chapter 50 "Zhuge Liang wisely calculated Huarong, Guan Yunchang" "An Interpretation of Cao Cao" is a popular fiction. Almost 90% of the text is the literary creation of the author of the romance, and it has nothing to do with history. How Cao Cao escaped from the defeat is only recorded in the history books. Quoting an unreliable record in "Shan Yang Gong Zai" - because this book believes that Cao Jun's warship was burned by Liu Bei, not Zhou Yu - the book says: "Gong (referring to Cao Cao)'s ship The ship was burned for preparation, and the troops were led back on foot from Huarong Road. When they encountered muddy roads, impassable roads, and strong winds, they ordered the soldiers to carry straw to fill it, so that the cavalry could pass through. The poor soldiers were trapped in the mud by men and horses, and many people died. After the army arrived, the Duke was very happy. The generals asked about it, and the Duke said: "Liu Bei, I am also a concubine." But it's too late to plan. If you set fire to the envoy early, I will be the same. ’ (Liu) Bei also set fire to the fire, but to no avail. "
Even according to what is said in this book, there is no story about Zhuge Liang planning multiple ambushes to capture Cao Cao. It is indeed a story. If you think about it carefully, you will find that it is very unreasonable. Since We can ambush in three stages. Why not ambush Guan, Zhang, and Zhao together, or simply block the road in front (isn’t it said that the road is very dangerous?), then Cao Cao will be dead, knowing that Guan Yu will let Cao Cao go? , and why send him to set up the last ambush? The answer given in the novel is very ridiculous - "Kong Ming said: 'Watching the Qianxiang at night, the thieves will not be together and die.' It is also a good thing to keep this favor and teach Yunchang to do it. ’” Liu Bei was still happy and said, “‘Sir, your calculations are rare in the world. ’” If I were Liu Bei, I would kick him out and say, “You monster, are you the slender one of Cao Cao’s thieves? ! ”
Some friends love Zhuge Liang and want to cover up his lies. In fact, it is not necessary. This is a fictional plot in the novel. The author has such mysterious and mysterious reasons, but you want to rationalize them. What’s the point? Friends believe that if Cao Cao dies, there will be chaos in the north, and Sun Quan can take advantage of the victory to pursue and seize the fruits of victory. Liu Bei will have no chance to develop, so Zhuge Liang must let Cao Cao go.
This is wishful thinking. The idea is that the Soochow navy is powerful, but it lacks war horses and is extremely poor at fighting in the north. This is why Sun Quan personally conquered Hefei several times. Later, Lu Xun and Zhuge Jin also made repeated northern expeditions, but the best result was to return safely. The main reason is that the generals of Soochow also lacked experience in plain warfare. They were definitely far behind Liu Bei who had spent half his life in Hebei and Huaidong. At that time, Zhou Yu had 30,000 or 50,000 people, and it was estimated that Wu could mobilize them. There are only this number of soldiers and horses, and Liu Bei and Liu Qi only have 20,000 to 30,000, and there is not much difference in strength. If they fight for the Central Plains together, it is unknown who will win.
What's more, if Cao Cao dies, Jingzhou surrenders to Cao. The counties are definitely with Liu Bei, not Sun Quan - that's a feud. What about the north? The Central Plains are basically unified, and Cao Cao mostly uses his clan as his generals, so Cao Ren, Cao Hong, Xiahou Dun, Xiahou Yuan, and other generals with foreign surnames may be alienated. They will definitely unite and go south to take revenge (that is, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi, and Cao Zhang have this ability), but think about it, after Yuan Shao died, his sons fought. , even Cao Cao would have to spend several years to conquer Hebei, not to mention the Central Plains. Sun Quan and Liu Bei are rushing to go north. The variables are huge. What risk is there to take?
Liu Bei has been fighting with Cao Cao all his life. He is afraid of Cao Cao. How can he care about others? If Liu Bei agrees with this hypothesis and lets Cao Cao go because he is afraid that Sun Quan will become powerful, it is even more impossible for Luo Guanzhong to describe Guan Yu's loyalty. , I just made up this plot, why bother to make up the lie? Based on this plot, the famous puzzle game "Huarong Dao" was born. I am afraid even the author did not expect it.
Red Cliff. The records of the war history are unclear, and there are many doubts, but it is a famous battle in the history of our country in which a small number defeated a large number. Everyone was a little scared. According to historical records, one time Sun Quan sent Liu Bei back to Jingzhou. They had a feast and drank heavily when they parted. When Zhang Zhao, Lu Su and other guests had left, only these two brothers were the heroes. When talking about Zhou Yu, Liu Bei suddenly sighed and said: "Gong Jin is a civil and military strategist. He is a hero of ten thousand people. Considering his vast capabilities, I am afraid that he will not be ignored by others soon. "He went so far as to slander and say that Zhou Yu was so great that he might rebel. Fortunately, Zhou Yu died early and Sun Quan himself had not had time to become suspicious. Otherwise, what would have happened to Gong Jin!
For the Battle of Chibi , Cao Cao seems to be very angry. He has won countless battles in his life, and he has also lost some battles. He has never been secretive and upright and manly. Only about this battle, he was always too embarrassed to speak out. Later, he wrote to Sun Quan about this. After a battle, he said: "In the battle of Chibi, there was a disease, and the ship burned alone and retreated, which made Zhou Yu gain this name in vain. "Gently, I want to put the defeat aside.
From this side, we can also see how beautifully Zhou Yu fought in this battle!
Answer: Long Tianxing - Scholar Level 2 3-24 20:01
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The "Red Cliff War" can be said to be the war that has spent the most time and described in detail in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Therefore, it also has the most fictional elements. Starting from the thirty-fifth chapter, "Xuan De was in seclusion in Nanzhang, Shan Fu met the British master in Xinye", to the fiftieth chapter, "Zhuge Liang wisely calculated Huarong, Guan Yun Changyi explained Cao Cao", there are sixteen chapters, which describe Cao Cao. The whole process of taking Jingzhou from the south and trying to make Yangzhou, but under the resistance of Sun and Liu's coalition forces, and finally returned in defeat, is described in detail, making readers excited and amazed. So, first of all, let us review the entire process of this battle in the novel.
First of all, Lu Kuang and Lu Xiang, the generals of Cao's army stationed in Fancheng, ordered five thousand troops to attack Xinye City defended by Liu Bei. However, they were both killed by Shan Fu's plan. Fancheng general Cao Ren was furious. Regardless of Li Dian's dissuasion, he led an army of 25,000 troops to attack Xinye. Shan Fu not only defeated Cao Ren in battle, but also attacked Fancheng again. Cao Ren fled back to Xuchang.
Cao Cao planned to earn a single fortune, that is, Xu Shu, and Xu Shu recommended Zhuge. Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times and finally asked Kong Ming to help. The story of Jiangdong is interspersed in the middle: Lingcao died in the battle against Huangzu, killed Gui and Dai Xu in revenge, Gan Ning, the thief of Jinfan, surrendered to Wu, and Huangzu died in the battle in Jiangxia. Then Liu Qi asked for advice and went out to guard Jiangxia.
Cao Cao sent Xiahou Dun and others with 100,000 troops to attack Xinye. Zhuge Liang's first success was to burn Bowangpo. Cao Cao then mobilized 500,000 soldiers and horses, marched south to Jingzhou, and before dispatching troops killed Kong Rong who resisted. Liu Biao died in shock. Cai Zhang seized power, supported Liu Cong as his successor, and sent Song Zhong to surrender to Cao Ying. Zhuge Liang set fire to Xinye and defeated Cao Ren and Cao Hong, the vanguards of Cao's army.
Xu Shu was ordered to persuade Liu Bei to surrender but failed. Liu Bei was blocked in Xiangyang and fled to Jiangling. When Cao Cao entered Fancheng, Cai Zhanglai presented the Jingzhou Army with "50,000 horse troops, 150,000 infantry troops, 80,000 naval troops, and 280,000 soldiers." Then the famous Changbanpo Zhao Yun rescued Adou, and Dangyang Bridge Zhang Fei defeated Cao Jun. Liu Qi came from Jiangxia to take over, and Liu Beijun temporarily stabilized.
Lu Su led Kong Ming across the river and fought with the Confucian scholars; Sun Quan decided to resist Cao and recalled Zhou Yu from Chaisang. Zhuge Liang inspired Zhou Yu, and Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Jin to persuade Zhuge Liang to return to Wu, but Zhou Yu refused. Zhou Yu wanted Kong Ming to rob Cao's army of food and fodder, and borrowed knives to kill people, but was found out. Zhou Yu tried to kill Liu Bei again, but fortunately Guan Yu protected him, but he also failed. The war is imminent, and the allies will fight among themselves first, which is wonderfully written.
Gan Xingba Fenwei Sanjiangkou, Cai Mao and Zhang Yun built a water village. Jiang Qian crossed the river to talk to Zhou Yu, but fell into the trap and ordered Cao Cao to kill Cai and Zhang. Zhuge Liang borrowed arrows from a straw boat, Cao Cao sent Er Cai to use the room, Huang Gai offered a trick of suffering meat, and Kan Ze sent a letter of false surrender. Jiang Qianer crossed the east of the Yangtze River, and Pang Tong offered a series of plans. Cao Cao was composing poems and singing "Dan Ge Xing", and accidentally killed Liu Fu while drunk. The two armies came into contact for the second time, and Jiao Chu and Zhang Nan died in battle.
Zhuge Liang asked Zhou Yu to borrow the east wind and build the Seven Star Altar on Nanping Mountain. A great war only kicked off at this point, but the author did not focus on the war, but branched out - Ding Feng and Xu Sheng went to the Seven Star Altar to capture Kong Ming, Kong Ming was accepted by Zhao Yun and left, Zhou Yu killed Er Cai and raised his troops to sacrifice the flag. Kong Ming set up ambushes at every level on Huarong Road. The more important the plot is, the more slowly and unhurriedly it unfolds. What a generous move!
The war finally started, "Zhou Yu set fire to Sanjiangkou" and "Guan Yun Changyi explained Cao Cao", but it took more than a chapter. Sure enough, the outcome of the real war was already determined before the war. The two armies faced each other, but it was a lively martial arts drama that did not require much writing.
This is the "Red Cliff War" in the novel. The wars described in Chinese historical novels throughout the ages are led by this paragraph in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". The Battle of Chibi in history is also a very famous battle in which a small number defeated a large number. What was the scene like? Let us tell you slowly.
In "Book of Wei? Records of Emperor Wu", the description of the Battle of Chibi is very brief, saying only: "In December (208), Sun Quan prepared to attack Hefei. The Duke marched from Jiangling to prepare. Baqiu sent Zhang Xi to rescue Hefei. When Quan heard about Xi's arrival, he went to Chibi to prepare for the war. As a result, there was a great epidemic and many officials died, so he led the army back. "Taboo", regarding the rare defeats in Cao Cao's life, it is also a common method used by old historians to describe the rare defeats in Cao Cao's life, big and small, detailed but brief, and lightly and deftly. But the key problem is that this record is a bit deliberately confusing. It seems that Cao Cao was not defeated at all, but that he took the initiative to withdraw his troops because of the epidemic of plague in the army. It also seems that it was Liu Bei's army who fought against Cao Cao in Chibi, and not Sun Quan.
In "Book of Shu? Biography of the First Lord", he takes Liu Bei's position and describes it in a little more detail, saying: "The First Lord sent Zhuge Liang to marry Sun Quan, and Quan sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and other naval forces Tens of thousands of soldiers joined forces with the First Lord to fight against Cao Gong at Chibi. They defeated him and burned his boats. The First Lord and the Wu army advanced by land and water and pursued them to Nanjun. At that time, there was an epidemic and many of the Northern troops died, so Duke Cao led them back. It is basically the same as the record in "Wu Shu? Wu Zhu Zhuan". "Wu Shu" said: "Yu and Pu were the left and right governors, each leading ten thousand people and advancing with preparations. When they met at Chibi, they defeated Cao Cao's army. Cao Cao's army burned the remaining ships and retreated. Most of the soldiers died of hunger and disease.
Bei, Yu and others pursued them to Nanjun, and Cao Gong returned north. "In comparison, this is quite believable.
Let's start from the beginning. First of all, killing the Lu brothers and burning Xinye are all fictions of novelists, but burning Bowang is not. It may be true. In the eighth year of Jian'an (203), when Cao Cao was committed to solving the Yuan brothers, he followed Liu Biao's order to attack Ye County southwest of Xuchang. Cao Cao sent Xiahou Dun and Yu Jin to fight. Liu Bei faked defeat, but Xiahou Dun ignored the dissuasion of his side general Li Dian and pursued him in ambush. Fortunately, he was rescued by Li Dian. Another theory is that Xiahou Dun was ordered to attack Liu Bei, but Liu Bei deceived him and defeated him. It was not a fire attack) - If there was a fire at Bowangpo, it was not Zhuge Liang who planned it, but Liu Bei. From then on, there was basically no contact between the two forces until Cao Cao's pro-unification army took Jingzhou south.
< p>After Liu Biao's death, Liu Bei's power in Jingzhou expanded rapidly. When Cao's army went south, Liu Bei had already occupied Fancheng as his base camp. He abandoned Fancheng and fled southward. Liu Bei (Liu Bei) was stationed in Fan. He didn't know that Duke Cao's soldiers were coming, but when he got to Wan, he heard about them and sent them away. After passing Xiangyang, Zhuge Liang said that he would attack (Liu) Cong first, so that Jingzhou could be conquered. The First Master said: "I can't bear it." ’ Then he stood on his horse and called Cong, but Cong was afraid and could not get up. Most of the people around Cong and Jingzhou returned to their late lord. "In this way, Liu Bei fled with a large number of people. "As far as Dangyang, there were more than 100,000 people with thousands of taels of baggage, and they traveled more than ten miles a day." However, Cao Cao "thought that Jiangling had a strong army and was afraid of taking it first, so he Release the heavy baggage and light the army to Xiangyang. Hearing that the late lord had passed by, Cao Gong sent five thousand fine horses to pursue him, traveling more than 300 miles in a day and night, and reached Changban in Dangyang. "Before Liu Bei escaped from Fancheng, Xu Shu did not surrender to Cao Cao. The so-called plots such as Cheng Yu's fake letter to earn Xu Shu's money and Xu's mother committing suicide are all fictitious. After Zhuge Liang left Longzhong, Xu Shu and him They also assisted Liu Bei for a period of time, until after escaping from Fancheng, Liu Bei voluntarily broke up due to an accident. The concubine said to the late lord, pointing to his heart: "I originally wanted to fight with the general who wanted to dominate the king, so this is just an inch of land." Now that I have lost my mother, she is in a state of chaos and is of no use. Please say goodbye from now on. ’ Then he went to Duke Cao. "
Regarding the battle of Changbanpo, "Book of Shu? Biography of the First Lord" said: "The First Lord abandoned his wife and rode away with dozens of Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others. Cao Gong made a great victory. There is a lot of people and baggage. Regarding the incident of Zhao Yun riding the savior alone, history books record: "When the former lord was chased by Duke Cao in Dangyang Changban, he abandoned his wife and went south. Yun carried the weak son, who was the queen, to protect Mrs. Gan, who was the queen. Mother, everything is saved. "It is indeed heroic, but it is too exaggerated in the novel. The novel says: "Zhao Yun embraced the queen, penetrated the siege, cut down two banners, and seized three branches; he stabbed and slashed with spears and swords in front and back, killing fifty famous generals in Cao's camp. Remaining members. "The first few sentences are reliable, but "killed more than fifty famous generals in Cao Cao's camp", not to mention Cao Cao's pursuit of Liu Bei, there were only 5,000 elite cavalry, and there was an average of one famous general for every 100 people... Let's just say that the novel was Zhao Yun killed Chun Yudao, Xia Houen, Yan Ming, Zhong Jin, and Zhong Shen in this battle. They had never shown their true faces before. How could they be regarded as famous generals?
Zhang Fei resisted the Changban Bridge. Drinking Cao's soldiers back may sound like fiction, but in fact, the description in the history books is very brief, but he was full of heroic spirit and came face to face. Let's see - "The first master heard that Cao Cao's death was coming, and left his wife. He sent the flying troops to reject the twenty cavalrymen. Flying to the water and breaking the bridge, he raised his spear with angry eyes and said: "I am Zhang Yide, come here to fight to the death!" ’ None of the enemies dared to approach, so they were spared. ”
As for Cao Cao’s military strength in the Battle of Chibi, the novel says that “the horse infantry navy had 830,000 troops, falsely claiming to be one million.” This is of course a fiction. The history books are unclear about this, and later generations Statistical research shows that Cao Cao's army actually had about 230,000 troops. In addition to Cao Cao's own troops, it also included the North Route Army that marched from the Han River, namely Yu Jin, Zhang Liao, and others led by the Guard Commander Zhao Yan and Fenwei General Cheng Yu. Therefore, the number of Zhang He, Zhu Ling, Le Jin, Lu Zhao, Feng Kai, Wenpin Qilu, and Xia Houyuan's grain transport troops facing off against Sun and Liu's coalition forces in Chibi will not exceed 200,000.
Bringing it back to Soochow, Lu Su heard that Liu Biao was dead in Jiangdong and asked to go to mourn him - he had been an enemy for many years. What kind of mourning was there? In fact, he had ulterior motives and suggested to Sun Quan to check the situation. If Liu Bei and Liu Bei were in mourning. Liu Biao's two sons could unite and temporarily put aside their hatred and join forces with Liu to fight against Cao. Otherwise, they would take advantage of the chaos. Unexpectedly, they heard that Liu Cong had surrendered just halfway, so they asked around and finally saw him. Liu Bei actually wanted to unite with Sun Quan, but he pretended to go to Wu Ju (mistakenly referred to as "Wu Chen" in the novel). Wu Ju was a warlord who ruled parts of Guangdong Province today. Liu Bei said that he would go all the way to join him. The stage was set for him to withdraw from the competition in the Central Plains. Lu Su hurriedly persuaded Liu Bei to get what he wanted, so he sent Zhuge Liang across the river to lobby Sun Quan.
The plot of "tongues with Confucian scholars" is fictional, but it is very fictional. Wonderful, the image of Zhuge Liang's wisdom and the ambivalence of the officials of Soochow are vividly displayed on the page.
"Jiang Biao Zhuan" records that Cao Cao sent a letter to Sun Quan?