Jujube tree is native to my country and is one of the main fruit tree species in my country. Jujube trees are salt-alkali and barren resistant, drought and waterlogging resistant, and have strong adaptability. Therefore, jujube trees not only have important economic value, but are also a pioneer tree species for greening barren hills and improving the ecological environment. In recent years, jujube trees have developed rapidly due to their strong adaptability, early fruiting and rapid fruiting, easy cultivation and management, and significant economic and ecological benefits, especially fresh food varieties. At present, my country's jujube tree area and output account for more than 98% of the world's total.

(1) Choose good varieties and plant them densely and reasonably

There are many varieties of jujube trees, each with its own characteristics. But judging from the current market, Daxue Zao, Li Zao, Zanhuang Dazao, Zhanhua Dong Zao, Mango Dong Zao, Jinsi Xin No. 2, Jinsi Xin No. 3, Jinsi Xin No. 4, Yuanling Xin No. 1, Yuanling Xin No. 1, Varieties such as Lingxin No. 2 and Taiwan Qingzao have higher cultivation benefits.

The cultivation density of jujube trees is divided into two types: forest-grain intercropping type and early high-yield type. If you plan to intercrop forest and grain crops, you can consider planting with a row spacing of 2 meters × 5 meters, and planting 67 plants per acre. Wide rows and narrow plants are conducive to interplanting crops. The main purpose of the early yield method is to capture early yield and benefit as early as possible. The cultivation density can be based on the plant-row spacing (1.5-2.0) meters × (3-4) meters, and 83-146 plants per mu. From the actual effect, the plant-row spacing is 2 meters × 4 meters, and 83 plants per mu are mostly planted.

(2) Fertilization

Jujube is a tree species with a long fruit development period. It requires a steady supply of nutrients from flowering to maturity, whether it is a sapling or a large tree in the fruiting stage. It should be based on applying good and sufficient base fertilizer. The best time to apply basal fertilizer is before the end of October in autumn, and it should be completed before the end of December at the latest. The amount of fertilizer applied per mu should be no less than 5,000 kilograms. The main types of basal fertilizer are soil fertilizer, stable manure, and ring fertilizer. Fertilizer made from straw is also very effective. In dry areas, it is best to irrigate once after applying base fertilizer. Under the premise of applying base fertilizer well, 0.1 to 0.2 kilograms of urea can be applied to each 2- to 3-year-old sapling in mid-June. During the fruiting period, jujube trees should be topdressed 2 to 3 times throughout the year (excluding topdressing outside the roots). The first time is in early to mid-May, and 0.2 to 0.3 kg of urea is applied to each plant; the second time is in early to mid-June, 0.2 to 0.4 kg of diammonium phosphate or nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each plant to promote the growth of young fruits. Development; the third top dressing is carried out from the end of July to the beginning of August, with 0.2 to 0.4 kg of urea or diammonium phosphate. In addition, it is best to spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 15 days from mid-May to before harvest to promote fruit setting and fruit development.

(3) Jujube tree pruning

The crown of jujube trees expands slowly. Pruning young trees can increase the number of branches, speed up the formation of the crown, and form a high-yield skeleton. The purpose of tree pruning during the fruiting period is to adjust nutrient distribution relationships and achieve high and stable yields.

① Tree shape selection: There are many jujube tree shapes, but according to the current cultivation model, the spindle-shaped tree shape is more suitable for dense planting needs and is conducive to achieving early high yield. The tree shape has an obvious central trunk. The main trunk is 40 to 50 centimeters high, and the tree is about 3 meters tall. There are 5 to 7 main branches scattered on the central trunk. The main branches are not layered, and one is left every 20 to 40 centimeters. Arranged in an ascending spiral, the fruiting branch group is directly supported on the main branch. When planting, set the stem at 80 cm, and cultivate 5 to 7 main branches in sequence within 2 to 3 years. The central stem will fall off when it reaches a height of 3 meters after several short cuts to control the growth.

②Pruning: The amount of pruning for saplings should be small. Except for branches with strong sunlight and overlapping branches that need to be removed, the remaining branches should be preserved as much as possible. If the angle of the main branches is not too high, measures such as bracing, pulling, and falling can be used to open the angle. During pruning, methods such as carving buds, heavy cutting of developing branches, and pruning and twisting of tips in summer can be used to increase the amount of branches and leaves.

(4) Improve the fruit setting rate of jujube trees

①Opening the armor of jujube trees: Opening the armor of jujube trees is also called ring peeling. The purpose is to prevent nutrients produced in the above-ground parts from being transported to the roots and improve fruit setting. Rate. The opening time is slightly different according to the habits of different varieties. Generally, for varieties with heavy flower drop and difficulty in setting fruit of the flower, the best time to open the nail is at the early stage of flowering. Opening the nail at this time can effectively promote the fruiting of the flower. Varieties with heavy fruit drop should bloom after blooming. The nail opening can be carried out at a distance of 25 cm from the ground, and the height of the nail opening will be moved up year by year. The width of nail opening or girdling is preferably about 0.5 cm. When opening the nail, the incision should be smooth so as not to damage the xylem and only peel off the phloem layer, leaving the cambium layer. The circumcision wounds must be connected into a closed ring, otherwise the effect will be ineffective.

②Control tree vigor: Jujube saplings are easy to grow, especially jujube jujubes, pear jujubes, winter jujubes, and Taiwanese jujubes. Generally, the seedlings grow very large in the same year. Vigorous growth is very beneficial to the crown expansion and formation of the entire tree, but it also affects the fruit setting rate, resulting in a very low yield of young vigorous trees within 1 to 2 years. Therefore, production must be controlled. For strong and vigorous trees with low fruit setting rate, measures such as long-term planting and branch pulling can be adopted, which are more effective in improving the fruit setting rate. Secondly, technical measures such as controlling fertilizer and water and spraying paclobutrazol can also be taken to increase the fruit setting rate.