Ginkgo tree, also known as ginkgo tree, grows slowly and has a very long life. Under natural conditions, it takes more than 20 years from planting to fruiting, and it takes 40 years for a large number of fruits. The following is my technical arrangement for planting ginkgo trees for you. I hope it will be useful to you.

Planting, Seed Collection and Seedling Raising of Ginkgo Tree

Seed collection should be carried out from the late September of 10 to the early October of 10, and a robust mother tree with fast growth, early fruiting, high yield and excellent quality should be selected for seed collection. It is best to wait for them to mature and fall off naturally, pile up the collected seeds for about 1 week, step on them to separate the seeds from the pulp, then wash them, and then spread the seeds thinly in the plaque to dry for half an hour to an hour. There are two kinds of propagation methods: transplanting root tillers and sowing seedlings. Roots and tillers can be planted after the Spring Festival and before Tomb-Sweeping Day. The roots are thin and not suitable for watering. The method is simple, the survival rate is high, and the growth is fast. Large-scale planting requires sowing seedlings. Spring sowing is suitable, the row spacing is 30cm, the spacing between plants is 15cm, the depth of sowing ditch is 3-4cm, the sowing amount is 450-600kg/hm2, the seeds are placed horizontally in the ditch, covered with soil for about 3cm, compacted, and germinated in mid-April. Underground pests such as grubs and cutworms and stem rot should be controlled at seedling stage, and the growth will be accelerated in the second year. The height of three-year-old seedlings can reach 1- 1.5m, and they can be planted out of the garden.

plant

The first step in planting ginkgo trees is the choice of soil. Ginkgo biloba is a positive tree species, which is not resistant to humidity and likes warmth. It should be planted in the leeward and sunny place with fertile soil and good drainage. Sunny sloping land with small slope should be chosen as afforestation land. The requirements for soil conditions are not very strict, but neutral or slightly acidic soil with thick upper layer, moist and fertile soil and good drainage is the best. Then male plants with the same variety and flowering period as female plants are selected for alternate planting. Generally, the row spacing of 2.5×3m or 3×3.5m is adopted, and 63 or 88 plants are planted per mu. After the lines are sealed, they are transplanted. One is to move from the row spacing to the row spacing of 5×3m or 6×3m, with 44 plants per mu or 3 1 plant. Transplanted from the original row spacing to the row spacing of 5×6m or 6×7m plants every few years.

liquid manure

Water 5 to 7 days after planting. Ginkgo trees do not need to be watered often after they survive. Generally, the soil is watered for the first time after thawing and before germination. In May, if the weather is dry, you can water it for the second time to facilitate the growth and development of Ginkgo biloba. Watering can be done according to the weather in rainy season. Ginkgo biloba is drought-tolerant and afraid of waterlogging, so pay attention to drainage in rainy days. Because the root of Ginkgo biloba has a large respiratory capacity, it is necessary to prevent the root from rotting and dying due to excessive water and lack of oxygen in the soil. Fertilize in spring and autumn, apply decomposed organic fertilizer once at the periphery of the crown through ring fertilization or hole drilling, and then water it. Ginkgo biloba has suspended animation and suspended animation. Some ginkgo leaves can spread out even if the root system is dead, and even germinate in the second and third years, but the leaves are very small. When the nutrients in the tree are exhausted, leaves will not grow, which is a pseudo phenomenon of ginkgo biloba. After some ginkgo seeds are planted, they do not germinate in the first year, or even in the second year, but the bark is still bright green, and they begin to germinate and spread their leaves in the third year. This is a phenomenon of ginkgo suspended animation. So some people say, "If you plant ginkgo trees, you won't live for three years, but you won't die for three years.

Plastic trimming

According to the purpose of cultivation and the growth of trees, pruning methods mainly include thinning branches, cutting short, retracting, carving and so on. Thinning: pruning method of cutting branches from the base. Thinning is mainly to cut off overlapping branches, long branches, thin branches, dead branches, pest branches, whorled branches, adjacent branches and so on. For uncut grafted trees, it is often necessary to thinning the branches for the first time and cut off the redundant branches with a saw or scissors. Truncation: a pruning method of cutting off a part of the annual branches of/kloc-0. Generally speaking, the longer the branches cut from long branches, that is, the heavier the short branches, the stronger the new branches will be. The strong buds under the cuttings can grow 2 ~ 3 new branches, which are about 30cm long in that year. Retraction: a method of cutting short perennial branches. Generally, when retracting, only 1/2 or 2/3 of the original branch length is left, and the diameter of the incision should not exceed 5cm, which has a great influence on the growth of the tree. Don't cut off the hidden buds or short branches at the lower part of the incision, and leave 5cm branches above the cut buds to avoid dehydration and drying of the incision. Carving: Cut the top or bottom of the bud with a knife and go deep into the xylem, which is called carving. Cut off the upper part of the flower bud in winter to prevent the lower part from transporting nutrients upwards; In summer, the lower part of the bud is cut off to prevent the upper part from transporting nutrients downwards. This method is mainly suitable for young trees.

control of insect

At present, the main pests and diseases of ginkgo trees are stem rot and leaf blight at seedling stage, including termites, ginkgo leaf curl moths, ginkgo silkworm moths, tea thrips and so on.

1 prevention and control methods of stem rot and ginkgo leaf blight at seedling stage: apply more organic fertilizer and intercrop soybeans. Before onset, broad-spectrum fungicides such as Tobuzine were sprayed 1500 times.

2 Main pest control methods.

Termites: firstly, determine the position of the ant nest according to the termites' deposits and vent holes, then drill holes leading to the ant nest, and then inject10-15ml of conventional pesticides into the holes, and add 10% mirex. Generally, termites can die in groups within 3-7 days after application.

Leaf roller of Ginkgo biloba: In the less harmful areas, the damaged branches can be cut off, and the fallen leaves nearby can be swept away and burned. In severely damaged areas, the first-instar larvae should be exterminated. The injured branches can be sprayed with 800 times of 80% dichlorvos EC or 1000 times of 40% omethoate.

Ginkgo silkworm moth: cocoon peeling and burning, catching larvae. The chemical control effect on the third instar larvae is better. It can be sprayed with metronidazole 2000 times solution or dichlorvos EC 1000 times solution.

Tea yellow thrips: 40% omethoate EC 1000 times solution is effective for foliar spraying. 50% phoxim or 80% dichlorvos 1000 times solution or 3,000 times solution of sumidan are effective. The first spraying time is in the middle of June, the second spraying time is in the middle and late July, and the third spraying time is in the middle of August. If the pest is not serious, spraying twice will have an effect.

Ginkgo trees are divided into varieties according to the shape of seed nucleus

There are five categories: eldest son, bergamot, horse bell, plum pit and round subclass.

According to cultivated varieties

Nuclear varieties: Jiafozhi, Maling No.3 Kuiling, Dajingou, Dongting Di, Dameihe and Haiyangdi.

Leaf varieties: Gaoyou Y-2, Anlu 1, WL43.

Ornamental varieties: ginkgo, ginkgo, ginkgo, ginkgo.

Male plant varieties: G ~ 12 #, Songyou 1, Guangxi Zaohua.

Wood varieties: Wan Yu 9# and Ginkgo biloba S-3 1.

By seed variety

It is a traditional fine variety bred in various ginkgo producing areas for many years, such as Taixing Buddha Finger, Dongting Bergamot, Tancheng Golden Pendant, Horse Bell and Tancheng Round Bell.

Environmental value of ginkgo tree greening: Ginkgo tree is resistant to pests and diseases, recognized as a pollution-free tree species, and the most ideal tree species for ornamental greening. Planting ginkgo in parks, gardens, residential quarters, roadsides and urban greening can be described as "once and for all". The greening effect of ginkgo trees is good and the speed is slow. It takes two years for small trees to have good results, and it takes three to five years for big trees to recover and play their beautiful functions.

Purify air: it has the functions of pollution prevention, fireworks prevention and dust prevention. A certain proportion of ginkgo trees can be planted in industrial areas, residential areas, towns, densely populated areas and rest areas. To form ginkgo forest areas and forest belts, naturally purify the air, reduce the content of suspended solids in the atmosphere and improve air quality.

Soil and water conservation: Ginkgo biloba has the functions of water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, and soil and water conservation. In areas where deforestation, soil erosion and sandstorm erosion are serious, ginkgo shelter forest, shelter forest, road shelter forest, bank protection forest, beach shelter forest, sand prevention forest, etc. Planting is to maintain soil and water and improve the ecological environment. 1996 Puding County, Guizhou Province takes planting ginkgo biloba and developing ginkgo biloba industry as the road to get rid of poverty and become rich. The soil erosion in this county is serious, even a handful of soil should be planted with a corn, and the ground is covered with carboniferous azithromycin particles. In order to prevent soil erosion, farmers planted ginkgo biloba, which not only improved the ecological environment, but also sold ginkgo biloba to processing plants. Nowadays, Ginkgo biloba has been regarded as a new way to get rid of poverty and become rich in old, small and marginal areas such as Dabie Mountain, Daba Mountain and Yimeng Mountain. Planting ginkgo biloba can not only improve the ecological environment, but also form an industrial economy and multiple benefits.

Pest control: Ginkgo biloba can kill crop diseases and insect pests, especially cotton, spider mite, peach aphid and Chilo suppressalis. Planting ginkgo around agricultural areas is the natural enemy of crop pests and protects crops.

Adjust the temperature: Ginkgo tree has the special function of being warm in winter and cool in summer. In midsummer, palms will feel cold when touching the trunk of ginkgo trees, and willows will feel hot when touching other trunks. According to the measurement, in midsummer, when the direct sunlight reaches 40.20℃, the temperature under ginkgo tree is 35.30℃, and the temperature difference between the temperature and the shade of ginkgo tree is 4.90℃, while the temperature difference between weeping willows is only 2.30℃, and the temperature adjustment ability of ginkgo tree is more than twice that of willow tree. Therefore, the construction of ginkgo forest area and ginkgo forest belt will form a scale, which will cause the climate of the community and have a good impact on regulating the temperature and improving the microclimate of farmland and residential areas.

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