2.M26, M 16×M9 hybrid bred, with strong dwarfing, dwarfing rootstock, easy rooting of two-year branches, high cutting survival rate, strong affinity, dwarfing degree between M9 and M7, cold tolerance, early fruiting, large fruit and high yield of grafted varieties. When making anvil, the root is brittle and easy to break, with few tillers and large crown. The tree is spreading, with hard, stout and upright branches, thick and dark green leaves and strong budding ability.
3.MM 106 is a semi-dwarf rootstock, which is made by crossing Beicarbon and M 1. Cutting and layering are easy to take root, do not tiller, have good affinity, poor early fruiting, good land fixation and poor dwarfing, especially Jinguan, with developed root system, barren resistance, cold resistance and cotton aphid resistance. The new shoots are stout, spreading, with oval leaves, large leaves, long petioles and large stipules, which are suitable for combination with short-branched varieties.
4 M27 is a dwarf rootstock, and its root system is shallow and brittle, so it is difficult to take root by cutting. The crown of grafted varieties is very small, only 1/2 of M9, with dense branches and dense leaves. It bears early fruit and has strong fruit connection, and is suitable for being used as the basic rootstock and intermediate rootstock of potted apples.
5.M7 is a semi-dwarf rootstock, with weak sprouting and branching ability, easy layering and rooting, well-developed root system, drought tolerance, cold tolerance, barren tolerance, strong adaptability, early fruit bearing and high yield, and the tree size is between M9 and M4. Branches are thin and soft, internodes are long, leaves are slightly small and thin, buds are small and flat, and stipules are small.
6. Laoshan Naizi, native to Laoshan County, Shandong Province, has a moderate tree potential and is slightly upright. The fruit is yellow and white, with good root growth, few fibrous roots, barren tolerance and dwarfing. The early fruit is similar to M9, easy to propagate and survive by layering, good affinity after grafting, strong rootstock growth, compact crown and obvious thickening of trunk roots, which is suitable for root lifting or modeling. 7. Water chestnut has strong dwarfing ability. This variety bears early fruit, good quality, poor affinity and small feet after grafting.
8. Mark, (Mark) Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduced the United States from the Netherlands. Good root system, strong soil fixation, vigorous growth, good affinity with most apple varieties, good cold resistance and good dwarfing effect. Grafted varieties have strong dryness and rapid formation. The tree size is 125.7% of M26, the crown area of MK9 is 26.3% of the rootstock, and the middle rootstock is 5 1%. The yield in 2-6 years was 42. 1% higher than that in M26, and the early fruit bearing and fruit quality were similar to those in M26.
9.CG was introduced from America by Qingdao Agricultural Institute. The seedlings grow fast and orderly, have good affinity with the main varieties, have better soil fixation than M9 and M26, and have early fruiting similar to M26. Among them, CG80, CG55 and CG23 are dwarfed or dwarfed, with strong early fruiting and superior comprehensive characters to M26. As an intermediate stock, CG80 has the best effect of early fruiting, high yield and dwarfing. 10。 J line was bred by crossing Tian Huang Kui, Li Shanwang and Jinguan with M9. Dwarf rootstock or semi-dwarf rootstock has good affinity with grafted varieties, good early yield and resistance to yellow flower disease, of which 80- 14-58 is 78% of arbor rootstock, with weak dryness, open tree shape and good early flowering and early fruiting.
1 1.73-34 Liaoning fruit tree was bred by crossing M9× Malus microphylla, which has good compatibility, cold resistance, good early fruiting and dwarfing similar to M7, and is generally used as an intermediate stock. In addition, 75-9-5 of Zhengzhou Fruit Institute and S 19 of Shanxi Fruit Institute were earlier than M26.
12.SH3, SH9 and SH37 were bred by crossing begonia spicata and Guoguang. The crown product of SH3 is 63% ~ 7 1%, SH9 is 55%, and SH37 is 88%. SH3 and SH37 have obvious foot phenomenon, and have strong cold resistance, drought resistance and sprouting resistance. As an intermediate material, the yield can be increased by 24% ~ 53%, and the sugar content can be increased by 1% ~ 3%.
13.CX4 is a semi-dwarf rootstock bred by china fruit Research Institute, and its crown area is equivalent to 40% of that of trees, showing obvious big feet, early flowering, good early fruiting, extremely poor dryness, creeping and creeping, and weak tree potential.
14.77-33, bred by Liaoning Fruit Research Institute. The tree is in an open posture with weak growth potential, and the crown area is 1/2 of the rootstock. The tree has weak growth potential, no virtual branches, few strong vegetative branches, poor dryness, good early flowering and fruiting, and strong frost resistance and peeling resistance.
15.B9, a dwarfing anvil cultivated in the former Soviet Union. The tree is weak and the layering is strong. The dryness is weak, the tree shape is open, and the crown area is equivalent to 45% of the rootstock. Grafted red Fuji has high soluble solids and good coloring, but its fruit surface is rough, early flowering and early fruiting, good frost resistance and peeling resistance, and the rootstock section is brittle and resistant to breaking.
16. The dwarf rootstock P22 bred in Poland has an open posture, thick branches and an inclined trunk, which is suitable for oblique stem shaping. The layering has strong rooting ability and can be propagated from rootstocks, but its salt tolerance is poor. The crown area of the tree is equivalent to 48% of the rootstock. Early flowering and early fruiting are good, and they have certain cold resistance and tensile strength.