Experts studying in Germany know that doctoral students should generally have bachelor's and master's degrees in the same major in China, with excellent grades and strong independent work and scientific research ability. The content of the topic should be leading and unique in this field, with high academic value and the necessity of studying in Germany. There are generally two ways to study for a doctorate in Germany: 1. Doctoral tutorial system. Students are required to formally register in the university, and the language requirements are decided by the doctoral supervisor. According to the different situations of applicants, doctoral supervisors may ask them to make up some necessary courses before starting their doctoral studies (mainly independent research work). The application steps are: determine the subject, find a doctoral supervisor, write to contact, submit personal materials according to the supervisor's requirements, and go through other procedures after receiving the supervisor's admission notice (invitation letter). Detailed regulations can also be found directly by contacting the foreign affairs office of the relevant school or on its website.

2. Ph.D. in graduate school. The research institute is an institution established by a comprehensive university to cultivate reserve forces for scientific research. It provides an opportunity for doctoral students to combine individual doctoral thesis with comprehensive scientific research projects. This research project is undertaken by many researchers and usually involves many disciplines. The study courses offered by graduate schools can promote participants' independent research plans and academic exchanges between them. Students can find the list of currently funded research institutions on the homepage of the German Research Association (DFG).