Chrysanthemum is a perennial herbaceous flower, which likes a cool climate, abundant sunshine and well-ventilated environment, and is cold-resistant and frost-resistant. With strong adaptability and vigorous growth, the daily management of potted chrysanthemums is very simple.
Watering: the number of watering and the amount of water should be determined according to the characteristics of each growth period of chrysanthemum. In general, chrysanthemum seedlings are small and watered less in spring, which is beneficial to the development of roots; In summer, plants are large, the temperature is high, and the water evaporates quickly, so it is necessary to replenish enough water in time. Water should be sprayed around the branches and leaves and on the ground to increase the air humidity. The temperature difference between day and night in autumn is large, which is the vigorous growth period of chrysanthemum, so watering should be increased appropriately; In winter, flower seedlings overwinter and need water control. Water in the basin should be avoided at any time in the four seasons. In addition, when watering, we must be careful not to let the muddy water pollute the leaves, because this will not only be troublesome to clean, but also affect the ornamental of chrysanthemums.
Fertilization: Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the growth period of chrysanthemum, so as to apply fertilizer thinly and diligently. Nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped in bud pregnancy and potassium fertilizer should be applied once a week. You can also master it flexibly according to the growth of plants. If the chrysanthemum leaves are thin and yellow, it means that fertilization is needed, while the leaves are thick and black, which means that fertilizer is enough and no fertilization is needed.
Plastic pruning: timely coring pruning can reduce plant height, avoid lodging, promote lateral branches and prolong flowering period. Generally, potted chrysanthemums can be denuded for the first time when they grow to about 5 leaves after being planted in the field, and then they can be denuded again when their lateral branches grow to 4 or 5 leaves ... This situation has been repeated until the work stopped a few days before and after beginning of autumn. During this period, plants will sprout a lot of axillary buds, so they should be pinched off by hand in time to reduce the consumption of nutrients.
Propagation: Chrysanthemum is generally propagated by branches within the family. After chrysanthemum blossoms in autumn and winter, the mother plant will be cut off and many new buds will soon grow. After the spring of the following year, these small buds were dug up together with the mother plant and divided into potted plants.
How to raise chrysanthemum potted plants should be dry and wet alternately, avoid water accumulation, do a good job of base fertilizer, control the height, and like sunshine.
How to raise chrysanthemums in potted plants with broken leaves has certain technical difficulties. High temperature in winter will lead to excessive aphids, so it is necessary to open the window frequently to keep the room temperature suitable. But not in the shade, chrysanthemums also need plenty of sunshine. Don't put on weight every day just because chrysanthemums are born in cold weather. When watering the flowers, pour some low-concentration fertilizer into the water. When the flowers begin to change color, fertilization should be stopped until the early autumn of the following year.
The methods of raising chrysanthemums can be roughly divided into the following categories:
1. Because chrysanthemum is a herb with a cold disposition, it is best to buy flower seedlings in spring and summer.
2. After the flower seedlings are bought, the base fertilizer should be buried in the flower soil to make the flower seedlings grow strong, and water should be poured every other day to ensure that the flower seedlings can get enough water.
When the flower seedlings grow up, they should be transplanted into larger flowerpots to make them grow better.
4. After the flower seedlings are fully grown, they should be cultivated one by one. Chrysanthemums have no seeds, and only rely on underground roots to propagate new seedlings.
5. If insects appear on the flowers and leaves after flowering, don't spray pesticides, which will damage the flowering plants. Spraying them with grey water is slow, but it can ensure the safety of flowers and plants.
Propagation and cultivation
1. Chrysanthemum is propagated by cutting, branching, grafting and tissue culture.
(1) Cutting can be divided into shoot cutting, twig cutting and leaf bud cutting. Cutting buds, cutting plant foot buds in autumn and winter for cutting. The criterion for selecting buds is to stay away from plants and have full buds. Remove the lower leaves, plant them in flowerpots or bed inserts in greenhouses or greenhouses according to the plant spacing of 3-4 cm and the row spacing of 4-5 cm, keep the room temperature at 7-8℃, and plant them outdoors after spring warming. Shooting is the most widely used method, more than April-May. Taking 8- 10 cm shoots as cuttings, it takes about 3 weeks to take root at the temperature of 18-2 1℃, and can be planted in about 4 weeks. Insert the bed in the open field, the medium element is sand, and the bed should be shaded. All-optical spray bed is inserted without shadow. Leaf bud cutting, cutting a leaf with axillary buds from branches, is only used to propagate rare varieties.
(2) Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, the plants were dug up, separated by roots according to their natural forms, and planted in other pots.
(3) Grafting In order to make chrysanthemum grow strong, it can be used to make "Dianthus" or big chrysanthemum, and Artemisia annua or Artemisia annua can be used as rootstock for grafting. Artemisia seeds are sown in a greenhouse in late autumn, or raised in a hotbed in March. When the seedlings are 3-4 cm high in late April, they are moved to pots or planted in fields, and grafted in sunny days in May-June.
(4) Tissue culture Using tissue culture technology to propagate chrysanthemum has the advantages of fast propagation, many seedlings, no virus, and maintaining variety characteristics. The basic culture medium is MS, with appropriate amount of plant hormones, pH5.8. Shoot tips, tender stems or buds of chrysanthemum are used as explants, which are cut into small pieces of 0.5 cm for inoculation. The temperature of the culture room is 25℃+65438 0℃. 8 hours a day, the light intensity is 3000-4000 lux. After 1-2 months of culture, seedlings can be induced.
cultivate
(1) The cultivation and management of potted chrysanthemum can be roughly summarized into three ways.
The first-level root system cultivation method is often used in the Yangtze River, Pearl River basin and southwest China. That is, cutting in May. Pot plants in June, stop pinching in early August, strengthen fertilizer and water management to promote their growth in September,10-1flowering. There are five ways to pot chrysanthemum in different places: putting it in pots after cutting has the advantages of less root damage, positive color and long flowering period, but it is more labor-consuming; Plant the pot in a crock, cultivate the cuttings in a crock surrounded by three tiles, and dig out the pot when the flower buds are colored. This method is more labor-saving than the former, but it is easy to damage the roots when digging seedlings, and the quality of flowering period and flowers is not as good as the former; In-situ planting and pot-covering method, the cutting seedlings are planted on high ridges, placed in large-hole pots at the beginning of July, so that the seedlings extend out of the pot holes, soil is added in stages, and underground roots are cut off when developing colors; Pot grafting method: sow Artemisia annua seedlings in March, graft chrysanthemum on Artemisia annua seedlings in May, and then manage according to pot cutting method. In this way, the plants are strong, the flowers are big and the flowers bloom early, but it takes a lot of labor. Through ground planting and pot grafting, the cultivated Artemisia annua seedlings were planted in the border in March, grafted in May, and moved into the pot when the buds were colored. Its advantages are convenient management, strong plantability and large flowers. The disadvantage is that the root injury is heavier.
Two-stage root system cultivation is more common in Northeast China, and it is also applied in Jiangxi and Hunan. From May to June, after transplanting the stems, the seedlings are put into a pot after survival, and soil is added to the depth of the pot 1/3- 1/2. Stop pinching from late July to early August. After the lateral branches grow along the edge of the basin, adjust the height of the plant by the method of disk branches, fix the branches to make them evenly distributed and cover the upper part, and soon the roots will grow on the branches pressed by disk. When the branches grow to a certain height, they can be adjusted again and then fertile soil can be added. By this method, the chrysanthemum has neat and beautiful appearance, short plants, plump leaves, stout branches, large flowers and long flowering period. Because it takes root on the branches, it is called secondary root cultivation.
Three-stage root system cultivation is a common cultivation method in northern China. It takes 1 1 year from winter stalk insertion to flowering in the next year. Beijing Yiju experts summarized the following four stages, namely, overwintering, primary election in late autumn and winter, cutting seedling and strong foot bud; Spring sowing: in mid-April, divide the seedlings into pots without adding fertilizer, put the common rotten leaves on the pots, fix the plates in summer, and promote the growth of foot buds by removing cores. When the foot buds unearthed in mid-July reach about 10cm, the seedlings with sound development and full buds are selected to be planted in pots and raised in autumn. In mid-July, the selected strong seedlings were moved into a pot with a diameter of 20-24 cm, and 0. Pour the chrysanthemum seedlings out of the small pot with a mound, plant them with the new buds as the center, cut off the redundant tillers, add soil to the depth of the original seedlings, and compact them. After changing pots, new plants and mother plants grow at the same time. After the new plants thrive, the old plants are cut down along with the soil. Cut off that female parent, loosening, fil with common culture, and adding 20%-30% decomposed compost. By this time, the pot was already 80% full of fertile soil. 1 week later, the new roots of the third section came out, and the new and old sections formed strong roots. During the whole cultivation process, change pots 1 time, fill soil twice, and plant take root three times.
(2) Cultivation and management of modeling chrysanthemums, that is, performing artistic processing on chrysanthemums to form specific patterns.
Cliff chrysanthemum is generally selected from Xiao Ju varieties. One end of the bent bamboo piece is inserted into the pot, and the other end is fixed on the frame, so that plants grow along the bamboo piece at a 45-degree angle with the ground, and are bound every 2-3 knots. The main branches are allowed to grow, and the side branches are repeatedly cored until the end of September. After sprouting, peel the buds several times and move them to a big pot for maintenance. Cliff chrysanthemum generally has a main branch about 1.5 meters long, which is placed beside the stone and on the rockery. The branches are drooping and there are many flowers, which are quite distinctive. For example, cutting must be carried out in July-August in advance, and the daily light consumption in August-March of the following year should be increased to more than 14 hour to inhibit the emergence of flower buds in that year. Because cliff chrysanthemum plants need more water and fertilizer to grow, they should be fully supplied.
Chrysanthemum morifolium has been cultivated for 1-2 years, with strong branching and soft branches, and each plant can bloom dozens to thousands of flowers, which is suitable for exhibitions and halls. Power is cultivated by cutting. Extra-large chrysanthemums are generally grafted with mugwort and cultivated in long sunshine for 2 years. The key points of cuttage cultivation are as follows: In September, the robust foot buds with a length of 5- 10 cm are dug and inserted into shallow pots, and after rooting, they are moved to pots with a diameter of 12 cm to overwinter indoors. June 5438+the following year 10 moved to great basin. When the seedling has 7-9 leaves, leave 6-7 leaves for coring. Leave 3-4 lateral branches on the upper part, then leave 4-5 leaves on each lateral branch, and repeat coring. Planting plants after warm spring, coring every 20 days 1 time, and stopping at the beginning of August. Plant insert 1 thin bamboo, the trunk is fixed, and 4-5 bamboo poles are inserted around to tie the side branches. Moved into the big basin in early September. After beginning of autumn, we strengthened the management of water and fertilizer, and often peeled and peeled. When the bud diameter reaches 1- 1.5cm, make a flat-topped or hemispherical bamboo ring with bamboo pieces and tie it firmly with each post, and then tie it evenly on the pen ring with thin lead wire for further maintenance. Chrysanthemums cultivated in this way can produce hundreds of flowers.
Chrysanthemum morifolium (Caryophyllum odoratum) grafted chrysanthemums with different patterns and colors on Artemisia annua with a height of 3-5 meters. The main branches of the rootstock were not cut and allowed to grow, and the side branches were grafted layer by layer, which was dry and revolutionary. All kinds of flowers bloom at the same time, colorful and spectacular. When selecting scion varieties, attention should be paid to the coordination of flower pattern, color, flower size and the similarity of flowering period, so that the whole plant can be harmonious.
The table chrysanthemum is short and big, which can be used to decorate the hall and several cases. It has the advantages of small floor space, short growth period and long viewing time. There are three main points in chrysanthemum cultivation: variety selection, timely seedling raising and hormone treatment. Table chrysanthemum should be a short variety with big flowers, full flowers and fat leaves, such as Lv Yun, Green Peony, Qi Shuai, dancing girls under the lamp, etc. The suitable time for cutting seedling is August-September. When the root system is strong, move it into a pot with a diameter of 10 cm, apply sufficient fertilizer after 1 week, then gradually increase the fertilizer concentration, and stop applying fertilizer when the flower buds are transparent. Don't pour too much water every time. After the cuttings survive, they are treated with 2% chlormequat B9(N-2 methylaminobutyric acid) water solution, and treated every 10 day until the color appears, which can achieve dwarfing for 4-5 times.
(3) Cultivation and Management of Cut Chrysanthemum The cut chrysanthemum ranks first among the "four cut flowers" in the world, accounting for about 30% of the total.
The annual supply of chrysanthemum cut flowers and the output of fresh cut flowers must reach a balance every year. There are spring chrysanthemum, Xia Ju, autumn chrysanthemum and winter chrysanthemum (cold chrysanthemum) cultivated conventionally, and there are many varieties. In the month when chrysanthemums don't bloom, the supply problem is solved by artificially delaying the flowering period. The flower bud differentiation and flowering of chrysanthemum are related to the number of leaves, plant height, sunshine and temperature. Flower bud differentiation needs to grow to about 10 leaves, the plant height is more than 25 cm, and it takes 45-60 days to bloom. Generally, the flower buds of autumn chrysanthemum and winter chrysanthemum differentiate rapidly in short days (10-15 days), but not in long days. However, the flower buds of Xia Ju varieties can be differentiated under the condition of long-term old photos. Under conventional cultivation conditions, Xia Ju's latest flowering varieties in Guangzhou are June Yellow, June White, Guifeihong and so on. However, due to the high temperature in summer and strong daily use, these varieties should also be placed in the shade when they bloom. The earliest flowers of autumn chrysanthemum are Zaohuang, Zaobai, Baixiezhao and Huangnijin, which usually bloom in late June of 1 1 or early October of1. July, August, September, June, 5438+ 10, artificial lighting or shading, temperature and humidity adjustment, etc. It can make the autumn chrysanthemum blossom ahead of time and delay the flowering in Xia Ju, so that the production of cut flowers can be balanced in batches throughout the year. For artificial lighting, generally, 65438 000-watt or 60-watt bulbs are hung at 65438 0 meters above plants, and the lighting area of each lamp is 4 square meters. There are three methods of lighting and shading: one is intermittent or short-term lighting, that is, adding 0.5- 1 hour in the dark, and the other is dark treatment for several hours during the day (shading during the day); Third, add light in advance in the morning and evening to increase the sunshine hours, or shade to extend the dark time.
Cut flower cultivation is similar to general cultivation methods, and the most important thing is to choose fertile sandy loam with good drainage. There are about 6,000 cut flowers per mu in the auxiliary field, that is, 8-9 plants per square meter. Leave 5 branches per plant, pick the heart 20 days after planting, peel off the lateral buds frequently, and peel off the buds in time at the budding stage. About 30,000 cut flowers can be harvested per mu. Common diseases include brown spot, black spot, powdery mildew and root rot. The pathogens of the above diseases are fungi, which are caused by high soil humidity and poor drainage and ventilation. Therefore, it is advisable to choose a place with good ecological conditions for cultivation, pay attention to drainage, remove diseased plants and leaves, and burn residual roots. Potted soil should be disinfected with 1: 8 formalin solution, and bordeaux solution, 80% wettable zineb solution or 50% wettable thiophanate solution should be sprayed during the growth period. Pests include aphids, red spiders, inchworm, crested tiger, grubs, liriomyza sativae larvae and so on, which can be controlled by artificial killing and spraying.
Appreciation of Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum is a famous flower in China, which has been cultivated for more than 3,000 years. In the famous poet Qu Yuan's Lisao, there is a famous saying, "Drink the dew of Mulan in the morning and Qiuju in the evening." The ancients began to love chrysanthemums because of their practical value. For example, Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica records: "Chrysanthemum clothes are light, suitable for anti-aging." With the evolution of the times, the development forms of chrysanthemum are diverse, and the hobby of chrysanthemum has gradually developed to appreciate its posture and praise its style. "I don't think the old nursery is pale in autumn, but I still think the yellow flowers are particularly fragrant." This is a poem written by Han Qi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, praising chrysanthemums in full bloom in late autumn. It's late autumn, the chill is biting, and all the flowers have withered. Only chrysanthemums are colorful at this time, and Ao Shuang is in full bloom. Tao Yuanming's "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" in Jin Dynasty shows that appreciating chrysanthemums and expressing feelings has become a fashion.
There are many kinds of chrysanthemums, which can be divided into single petal, laurel petal and tubular petal according to the petal shape. According to the pattern, it can be divided into wide petal type, lotus type, rosette type, ball type, pine needle type, hanging silk type and so on; According to the cultivation form, it can be divided into single chrysanthemum (also known as specimen chrysanthemum), compound chrysanthemum, cliff chrysanthemum, big chrysanthemum and high chrysanthemum. Because a single chrysanthemum has only one flower, it has concentrated nutrition and huge flowers, which can fully reflect the characteristics of this variety, so it is often used for variety display in chrysanthemum exhibitions. Cliff chrysanthemums are mostly cultivated with small flower varieties, with many flowers and clusters of flowers, such as high cliffs, which are unique and elegant. There are hundreds of chrysanthemum flowers, which are often arranged by hand to make the inflorescences orderly or tied into various patterns. Flowers bloom once, beautiful and spectacular. It fully embodies the ingenious garden art, and the high-pressure chrysanthemum is to make full use of the tall and strong body of Artemisia annua, so that chrysanthemums can grow on it and form a tall chrysanthemum tower, which is a spectacle.
02 How to raise potted chrysanthemums? Cultivation techniques: Fertile sandy soil should be selected for the pot soil, and the pot should be fixed in July after changing the pot for 2-3 times. 6 parts of humus soil, 3 parts of sandy soil and cake fertilizer residue 1 part can be used to prepare mixed soil. After watering, put it in the shade and move it to the sunny place after the plant grows normally. [12] Chrysanthemum seedlings are young in spring, so water them less; In summer, chrysanthemum seedlings grow, the weather is hot, the evaporation is large, and the water should be sufficient. You can water it once in the morning and once in the evening, and spray water on the branches and leaves of chrysanthemum and the surrounding ground with a watering can to increase the environmental humidity. Before beginning of autumn, it was necessary to control water and fertilizer properly to prevent plants from jumping and growing wildly. Before flowering in early autumn, it is necessary to increase the amount of watering and start fertilization, and the fertilizer will gradually thicken; In winter, the flower branches basically stop growing, the water consumption of plants is obviously reduced, and the evaporation is also small, so watering must be strictly controlled. It's best to spray water slowly with a watering can, not violently. In addition to the number and frequency of watering, it depends on the season and the weather. Water less or no water in rainy days; When the temperature is high and the evaporation is large, there is more water, and vice versa. Generally, when watering flowers, you should see that the soil in the basin is dry before watering. If you don't do it, water it thoroughly. But don't let the flowerpot accumulate water, otherwise it will cause rotten roots, yellow leaves and plant death. [12] When planting chrysanthemum plants with fertilizer, sole fertilizer should be applied in the pot. Nitrogen fertilizer can be applied once every 10 day in the future. After beginning of autumn, when the chrysanthemum buds are pregnant to the present buds, slightly thick fertilizer water can be applied once a week; When the buds are ready to be released, fertilization will be suspended after applying thick fertilizer water again. If calcium superphosphate or 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be applied to chrysanthemum at this time, the flowers will bloom more brightly. [12] Picking and thinning buds When the chrysanthemum plant grows to a height above 10 cm, the flower heart is picked. Only 4-5 leaves are left at the base of the plant when coring, and all the upper leaves are removed. When 5-6 new leaves grow, remove the heart to keep 4-7 main branches, and remove the branches and buds that grow later in time. Tapping can branch plants and effectively control plant height and plant type. When the core is removed for the last time, the chrysanthemum plants should be trimmed, too many branches and branches that are too strong and too weak should be removed, and 3-5 branches should be kept. When the buds appear in September, the buds at the lower end of the plant should be picked, leaving only one bud at the top on each branch. [12] Pest control is also called leaf blight. It started in the middle and late April, damaging the leaves. Prevention and control methods: after picking flowers, cut off all the plants on the ground and burn them centrally; At the early stage of the disease, the diseased leaves were removed and alternately sprayed with 1∶ 1∶lbo double solution Bordeaux solution and 50% Tuoshijin l000 double solution. Fusarium wilt started from the beginning of June to the beginning of July, and it was serious after flowering, damaging the whole plant and rotting roots. Prevention and control methods: select disease-free old roots to keep seeds; Rotating; Make high ridges and deep ditches to reduce humidity; Pull out the diseased plants and sprinkle lime powder on the diseased points or water them with 50% carbendazim l000 times solution. [13] Pests: Chrysanthemum is planted all year round, providing sufficient nutrients and habitats for pests and mites. Therefore, chrysanthemum can not escape the harm of pests or mites whether it is cultivated in net room or in open air. Important pests on chrysanthemum include aphids, thrips, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, tomatoes and tetranychus urticae. The secondary pests are root cutter, inchworm, liriomyza sativae, mealybug, moth, mealybug, spider mite and so on, and there are quite a few kinds. Domestic chrysanthemum (cut flowers or potted flowers) can tolerate a small amount of pests as long as it does not affect the quality of flowers. Weeds: Chrysanthemum planting mostly belongs to open field planting and rotates with paddy field. Weeds common in paddy fields and dry rotation fields can also occur in chrysanthemum fields. The competitive harm of weeds is related to the cultivation mode, grass period, density, competition period and environmental factors of chrysanthemum. The competition of weeds for water, nutrients and light will directly lead to poor growth and poor quality of chrysanthemum, which is not conducive to field management. Non-competitive harm of weeds in the field and the surrounding environment in the field can become the host or habitat of pests and diseases, and indirectly cause losses. Annual weeds occur in flat dry land, and weeds in high temperature season include Miscanthus, Polygonum multiflorum, Digitaria, Cyperus rotundus, Portulaca oleracea and Amaranthus. The main weeds in low temperature autumn and winter are goose intestines, uncle Shu, coriander leaves, broken rice, mustard tuber, potherb mustard seed and Polygonum hydropiper. Weeds not only compete directly with water, nutrients and light. For the growth of chrysanthemum, it is not conducive to the field management of chrysanthemum or easy to breed other pests and diseases, so appropriate control measures must be taken during the cultivation of chrysanthemum. Watching chrysanthemums is a long-standing custom in China. From the ancient palaces, official families and ordinary people in Kyoto to the people in various cities in China today, chrysanthemum parties, chrysanthemum exhibitions and chrysanthemum-style activities are held every autumn. Beijing Botanical Garden holds chrysanthemum viewing activities every autumn. The Chrysanthemum Club in Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan County, Guangdong Province began in the late Northern Song Dynasty and has a history of more than 700 years. It is one of the oldest and largest chrysanthemum clubs in China, with the largest number of people reaching/kloc-0,000,000. [14] Chrysanthemum grows vigorously and has strong germination ability. A chrysanthemum can be divided into thousands of buds after many times of enucleation. Some varieties have much softer branches, which are convenient for making various shapes, forming beautiful shapes such as chrysanthemum tower, chrysanthemum bridge, chrysanthemum fence, chrysanthemum pavilion, * * *, chrysanthemum ball, etc. It can also be cultivated into big chrysanthemums, cliff chrysanthemums, ten kinds of brocade, bonsai and so on. , varied and spectacular, adding countless ornamental works of art to the annual chrysanthemum exhibition. [14] Eating chrysanthemum can be used as medicine to treat diseases, and taking or drinking chrysanthemum tea for a long time can prolong life. Su Zhe, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Nanyang Bai Juyi has many old people in the pool." Chrysanthemums can be made into exquisite delicacies. "Chrysanthemum meat" is a kind of chrysanthemum dish made by long-term exploration. It is made of pork pieces cooked with sucrose, as delicate as white jade. Stick a few chrysanthemum petals on each piece, drink enough fat and sugar, observe its golden color, and taste delicious, sweet but not greasy. This is a famous dish. There are also chrysanthemum fish balls, fried chrysanthemum leaves, chrysanthemum fish porridge, chrysanthemum soup, chrysanthemum wine, chrysanthemum tea and so on. These chrysanthemum meals are not only good in color, fragrance and nutrition. The famous "Chrysanthemum Pot" in Beijing (that is, put some chrysanthemums in the hot pot of instant-boiled mutton to cook soup) is light and delicious, and has a unique flavor.
Chrysanthemum growth habits: like warmth, not resistant to strong light, not resistant to shade and cold cream.
Therefore, when planting chrysanthemums, put the flowers in a sunny place, not directly. Of course, it is also a good choice to put it on the balcony inside the house. Remember to avoid the wind. Chrysanthemum also likes fertilizer, so choose fertile soil with good drainage when planting. Neutral soil or slightly acidic soil is better.
Glad to answer your question!
Food dies from water, and it grows better than fat.
Chrysanthemums are generally not resistant to waterlogging. When they are dry, they should be watered again. "When it's dry, it's wet." Generally, it is easier to raise.
How to cultivate potted chrysanthemums;
Potted soil
It is advisable to use fertile sandy soil, first small pots and then large pots, and after changing pots for 2-3 times, the pots can be fixed in July; 6 parts of humus soil, 3 parts of sandy soil and cake fertilizer residue 1 part can be used to prepare mixed soil. After watering, put it in the shade and move it to the sunny place after the plant grows normally.
water
In spring, chrysanthemum seedlings are young and should be watered less; In summer, chrysanthemum seedlings grow, the weather is hot, the evaporation is large, and the water should be sufficient. You can water it once in the morning and once in the evening, and spray water on the branches and leaves of chrysanthemum and the surrounding ground with a watering can to increase the environmental humidity. Before beginning of autumn, it was necessary to control water and fertilizer properly to prevent plants from jumping and growing wildly. Before flowering in early autumn, it is necessary to increase the amount of watering and start fertilization, and the fertilizer will gradually thicken; In winter, the flower branches basically stop growing, the water consumption of plants is obviously reduced, and the evaporation is also small, so watering must be strictly controlled. It's best to spray water slowly with a watering can, not violently. In addition to the number and frequency of watering, it depends on the season and the weather. Water less or no water in rainy days; When the temperature is high and the evaporation is large, there is more water, and vice versa. Generally, when watering flowers, you should see that the soil in the basin is dry before watering. If you don't do it, water it thoroughly. But don't let the flowerpot accumulate water, otherwise it will cause rotten roots, yellow leaves and plant death.
Fertilize soil or land
When chrysanthemum plants are planted, sufficient fertilizer should be applied in the basin. Nitrogen fertilizer can be applied once every 10 day in the future. After beginning of autumn, when the chrysanthemum buds are pregnant to the present buds, slightly thick fertilizer water can be applied once a week; When the buds are ready to be released, fertilization will be suspended after applying thick fertilizer water again. If calcium superphosphate or 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be applied to chrysanthemum at this time, the flowers will bloom more brightly.
Picking and thinning buds
When the chrysanthemum plant grows to a height of more than 10 cm, it begins to pick the core. Only 4-5 leaves are left at the base of the plant when coring, and all the upper leaves are removed. When 5-6 new leaves grow, remove the heart to keep 4-7 main branches, and remove the branches and buds that grow later in time. Tapping can branch plants and effectively control plant height and plant type. When the core is removed for the last time, the chrysanthemum plants should be trimmed, too many branches and branches that are too strong and too weak should be removed, and 3-5 branches should be kept. When the buds appear in September, the buds at the lower end of the plant should be picked, leaving only one bud at the top on each branch.
How to cultivate single chrysanthemum in chrysanthemum bonsai is an artistic chrysanthemum for professional maintenance of September chrysanthemum, called single chrysanthemum.
This unique chrysanthemum was cultivated by cutting with buds when the chrysanthemum was about to sprout. Select healthy branches that grow well, cut cuttings, leave 5-6 leaves, cut them into culture soil, and put them in the dark to keep the air humidity above 85%. Soon, the chrysanthemum will grow roots, and at this time it can be transplanted into fertile soil for planting or not. Another way is to find a flowerpot with an opening at the bottom and fix it above the chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemums should be properly watered. When the leaves are weak, the flower heads and leaves should be rolled up and passed through the holes, and then some 3 cm soil should be filled. In the future, as the chrysanthemums grow taller, we should slowly fill the soil and water them to promote the rooting of high places. This high-pressure method can cultivate a short single chrysanthemum, cut it from the bottom of the basin when it is about to bloom, and manage it normally.
1, using cutting seedlings instead of tillering seedlings;
2. Little soil was used at the beginning of the pot, and the height of the pot was only 1/5-2/5, so as to dwarf the unique chrysanthemum afterwards;
3. Before July, control more water, apply less fertilizer, let it take root more, and gradually increase the pot soil;
In late July, water and fertilizer should be increased to promote the growth of chrysanthemum, but it should be dwarfed. B9 can be used for dwarfing treatment, and imidacloprid and carbendazim should also be used to control pests and diseases.
5. Properly control water to promote flower bud differentiation at the beginning of August, and then continue to strengthen maintenance;
6, take good care of it, 10 began to sprout in the middle and late October.