Ultrasonic sensor-temperature sensor-humidity sensor-gas sensor-gas alarm-pressure sensor-acceleration sensor-ultraviolet sensor-magnetic sensor-magnetoresistive sensor-image sensor-electricity sensor-displacement sensor-pressure sensor-temperature sensor-flow sensor. Device-liquid level sensor-ultrasonic sensor-immersion sensor-illuminance sensor-differential pressure transmitter-acceleration sensor-displacement sensor-weighing sensor electronic sensor IR infrared proximity/ranging tracking sensor ultrasonic ranging laser range finder indoor positioning system collision sensor emergency/protection with switch flexible sensor temperature humidity sensor surface temperature measuring instrument digital electronic compass (direction) GPS satellite positioning module count &; PWM generator gyroscope and accelerometer tiltmeter and orienter piezoelectric vibration sensor RFID reader module PIR object motion detection TSL230 optical frequency conversion Hall effect sensor gas detector editor This paragraph introduces the temperature sensor separately. Generally, a temperature sensor is an electronic component that converts temperature into electronic data. A temperature sensor made of a conductor whose resistance varies with temperature. Platinum is the most commonly used element, and its resistance at 0 C is 100 ohm (Pt 100). Semiconductor temperature sensors usually integrate amplification and regulation circuits. The oscillation frequency of the crystal oscillator changes with the temperature, so the temperature can be measured very accurately. The surface charge density of pyroelectric substances of thermocouples used to measure temperature varies with temperature, so their surface charge intensity can be used to measure temperature. The pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure of liquid and gas. Similar to other sensors, pressure sensors convert pressure into electrical signals when they work. Pressure sensors Pressure sensors are widely used in many monitoring and control applications. In addition to directly measuring pressure, pressure sensors can also be used to indirectly measure other quantities, such as liquid/gas flow, speed, water level or height. There are great differences in technology, design, performance, working adaptability and price of pressure sensors. According to conservative estimates, there are more than 50 kinds of pressure sensors in the world, and at least 300 enterprises produce pressure sensors. At the same time, there is also a kind of pressure sensor designed to dynamically measure the high-speed changing pressure. Examples of applications are combustion pressure monitoring in engine cylinders or gas pressure monitoring in turbine engines. This kind of sensor is usually made of piezoelectric material, such as chronograph. Some pressure sensors, such as those used in traffic enforcement cameras, work in binary mode, that is, when the pressure reaches a certain value, the sensor controls to connect or disconnect the circuit. This type of pressure sensor is also called pressure switch. Image sensor Image sensor is a kind of equipment that can convert visible images into electronic signals, which is mainly used in imaging equipment such as digital cameras. Generally, it consists of a group of CCD or CMOS sensors (such as active pixel sensors). Image sensor color image sensor can be divided into the following categories according to its color resolution: Bayer sensor is a cheap and most common image sensor, which uses Bayer filter to make different pixels sensitive to only one of the three primary colors of red, blue and green, and interweaves these pixels together, and then restores the original image through demosaicing interpolation. The Foveon X3 sensor is used in some Sigma and Polaroid digital cameras. Each pixel has a triple sensor, which can be sensitive to all colors. 3CCD sensors, such as some Panasonic digital cameras, split light through dichroic prism and use three independent CCD sensors. Generally speaking, the quality of image restoration is the best, but it is more expensive. Hall effect sensor Hall effect sensor, also known as Hall sensor, is a kind of sensor that converts changing magnetic field into changing output voltage. Hall sensor is first used to measure magnetic field, and can also be used to measure physical quantities that produce and affect magnetic field, such as proximity switch [2], Hall multiplier, position measurement, speed measurement and current measurement equipment. In the simplest form, the sensor acts as an analog sensor and returns the voltage directly. When the magnetic field is known, its distance from the Hall disk can be set. Using multiple sets of sensors, the relative position of magnets can be inferred. The current passing through the conductor of the Hall effect sensor will produce a magnetic field that varies with the current, and the Hall effect sensor can measure the current without disturbing the current. Usually, it is integrated with the winding core or permanent magnet next to the conductor to be measured. Usually, the Hall effect sensor is connected to the circuit, thus allowing the device to operate in a digital (on/off) mode, which in this case can be called a switch [5]. Common equipment in industry, such as cylinders, are also used in daily equipment; For example, some printers use them to monitor paper shortage and cover opening. When the keyboard is required to be highly reliable, it is also suitable for the keyboard. Hall effect sensors are usually used to measure the speed of wheels and axles, such as ignition timing or tachometer of internal combustion engines. It is used for brushless DC motor to detect the position of permanent magnet. The wheel shown in the figure has two equidistant magnets, and the voltage on the sensor will peak twice in one cycle. This setting is usually used to calibrate the speed of disk drives. Edit this paragraph system classification inclination sensor inclination sensor is widely used in military, aerospace, industrial automation, construction machinery, railway locomotives, consumer electronics, marine ships and other fields. Huige Company provides domestic users with the most comprehensive and professional product solutions and services in the world. Provide tilt sensors based on more than 500 specifications such as servo type, electrolyte type, capacitance type, inductance type and optical fiber type. Acceleration sensors (linear acceleration and angular acceleration) are divided into low-frequency high-precision force balance servo type, low-frequency low-cost thermal convection type and medium-high frequency capacitive acceleration displacement sensor. The total frequency response range is from DC to 3000 Hz. The application fields include automobile motion control, automobile inspection, household appliances, game products, office automation, GPS, PDA, mobile phone, vibration detection, building instruments and experimental equipment. Infrared temperature sensors are widely used in household appliances (microwave ovens, air conditioners, range hoods, hair dryers, toasters, induction cookers, woks, heaters, etc. ), medical/household thermometers, office automation, portable non-contact infrared temperature sensors, industrial field temperature measuring instruments and electric power automation. We can not only provide sensors, modules or complete temperature measuring instruments, but also provide a package of solutions including optical lenses, ASIC and algorithms according to users' needs. Edit the application fields of this paragraph The application fields of sensors involve mechanical manufacturing, industrial process control, automotive electronic products, communication electronic products, consumer electronic products and special equipment. (1) Special equipment Special equipment mainly includes professional electronic equipment used in medical treatment, environmental protection, meteorology and other fields. At present, the medical field is an emerging market, with huge sales of sensors and considerable profits, which requires sensor devices to develop in the direction of miniaturization, low cost and high reliability. (2) Sensors used in industrial automation, such as process control, industrial machinery and traditional sensors; Various measurement process variables (such as temperature, liquid level, pressure, flow rate, etc.). ); Traditional proximity/positioning sensors for measuring electronic characteristics (current, voltage, etc.). ) and physical quantities (motion, speed, load, intensity) have developed rapidly. (3) The sharp increase in the output of communication electronic products and the increasing new functions of mobile phones have brought opportunities and challenges to the sensor market. The market share of color screen mobile phones and camera phones is increasing, which increases the application proportion of sensors in this field. In addition, ultrasonic sensors for group phones and cordless phones and magnetic field sensors for magnetic storage media will show strong growth. ⑤ The key to the level of electronic control system of modern luxury cars in automobile industry lies in the number and level of pressure sensors. At present, there are dozens to hundreds of sensors installed in an ordinary family car, while there are more than 200 sensors in luxury cars, including more than 30 kinds and 100 kinds. Edit the principle structure of this paragraph, stick a special torque measuring strain gauge on a special elastic shaft and form a variable bridge, which is the basic torque sensor; The shaft is fixed with (1) secondary coil of energy toroidal transformer, (2) primary coil of signal toroidal transformer, and (3) printed circuit board on the shaft, which includes rectifying and stabilizing power supply, instrument amplifier circuit, V/F conversion circuit and signal output circuit. The shell of the inductor is fixed with (1) excitation circuit, (2) primary coil (input) of energy toroidal transformer, (3) secondary coil (output) of signal toroidal transformer, and (4) signal processing circuit inductor converts one form of energy into another. There are two kinds: active and passive. Active sensors can directly convert one form of energy into another without external energy or excitation source. Passive inductor can't directly convert the energy form, but it can control the energy input from another input or excitation energy. Sensors undertake the task of transforming the specific characteristics of objects or processes into quantities. Its "object" can be solid, liquid or gas, and their state can be static or dynamic (that is, process). After transformation and quantization, object features can be detected in many ways. The characteristics of an object can be physical or chemical. According to its working principle, it converts the characteristics or state parameters of an object into measurable electric quantities, and then separates the electric signals and sends them to the sensor system for evaluation or marking. Editing the working process of this section provides 15V power supply for the inductor, and the crystal oscillator in the excitation circuit generates a square wave of 400Hz, which is generated by the TDA2030 power amplifier and transmitted from the static primary coil to the rotating secondary coil through the energy ring transformer T 1, and the obtained AC power supply is obtained by the coaxial rectification filter circuit as the working power supply of the operational amplifier AD822; A high-precision regulated power supply consisting of a reference power supply AD589 and a dual-channel operational amplifier AD822 generates a precision DC power supply of 4.5V, which is used as both a bridge power supply and a working power supply for amplifiers and V/F converters. When the elastic shaft is twisted, the mV-level strain signal detected by the strain bridge is amplified into a strong signal of 1.5V 1V by the instrument amplifier AD620, and then converted into a frequency signal by the V/F converter LM 13 1, and transmitted from the rotating primary coil to the stationary secondary coil through the signal ring transformer T2. After filtering and shaping by the signal processing circuit on the shell, the frequency signal proportional to the torque on the elastic bearing can be obtained. The signal is TTL level, which can be provided to a special secondary meter or frequency meter for display or directly sent to a computer for processing. Because the gap between the dynamic and static rings of the resolver is only a few tenths of a millimeter, and the upper part of the sensor shaft is sealed in the metal shell, it forms an effective shielding and has strong anti-interference ability. Editing this automatic control system in the development process can accomplish certain tasks according to human design without human participation. The key is to introduce feedback, which actually adds the output or state of the system to the input of the system and works with the input of the system. The output state of the system is actually various physical quantities, including voltage, flow and speed. These quantities are often different from the input quantity of the system, and the range of values is also different. Therefore, it cannot be directly combined with the input, and needs to be measured and converted. Sensors play this role, just like the eyes and skin of the control system, sense the changes of the control system and cooperate with other parts of the system to complete the control task. In order to obtain information from the outside world, human beings must resort to sensory organs. However, human sensory organs are not omnipotent. In order to obtain more abundant information, further study natural phenomena and make labor tools, human senses are not enough. As a tool to replace human senses, the history of sensors is even older than the emergence of modern science. As a weighing tool, the balance was used in ancient Egypt and has been used ever since. Temperature measurement using liquid expansion characteristics appeared in the sixteenth century. Inductors based on the basic principles of electricity are produced on the basis of the development of modern electromagnetism. However, with the improvement of the reliability of vacuum tubes, semiconductors and other active components, such sensors have developed rapidly. Now when it comes to sensors, most of them refer to devices with electrical signal output.