This is a general questionnaire. I hope you can help me.

1. How much water does your home use every month?

2. What consumes the most water in your home? (Multiple choices available) A. Bathing B. Washing clothes C. Cooking D. Cleaning E. Others F. Unclear

3. Does your home reuse water resources? A. Yes B. No C. Sometimes

4. How do you reuse water resources? (You can choose multiple choices) A. Clean the table with face wash water B. Flush the toilet with laundry water C. Wash dishes with rice water D. Use rice water , tea for watering flowers E. Others _____

5. Is the laundry detergent used in your home phosphorus-free? A. Yes B. No

6. Do you use dishwashing detergent at home? Bleach powder and other products? A. Often B. Sometimes C. Almost never

7. When you take a bath and apply soap at home, do you remember to turn off the faucet? A. Yes B. No

8. When you buy a washing machine, do you consider its water consumption? A. Yes B. No

9. How do you deal with dripping faucets? A. Turn off B. Let it go C. Others _____ < /p>

10. Do you know about World Water Day? A. Don’t know B. Yes, yes _____

11. How do you wash the dishes? A. Direct flushing B. Basin washing C. A combination of the above two

12. Do you usually pay attention to articles on "water crisis"? A. Often B. Occasionally C. Not at all

13. Your family has implemented Are there any water-saving measures? A. Yes B. No C. Unclear

14. Do you think the implementation of water-saving measures in daily life will affect your life? Is it acceptable? A. It will have a big impact. Unacceptable B. There is a certain impact, acceptable C. No impact D. Unclear

15. Are there many people around you who really save water? A. More B. Less C. Almost none

16. Do you want TV, newspapers, and magazines to introduce more water-saving methods? A. Hope B. Whatever C. Not necessary

17. Are you willing to repair a slight leak in the faucet? A. Yes B. No need Especially do not throw away used batteries, because the heavy metals contained in a used battery will cause serious pollution if it flows into clean water.

Secondly, when studying, try to save stationery supplies and eliminate waste. For example, pencils are made of wood. Wasting pencils is equivalent to destroying the forest.

Third, we should try to avoid using disposable drink cups, foam lunch boxes, plastic bags and disposable chopsticks, and use ceramic cups, paper lunch boxes, cloth bags and ordinary bamboo chopsticks instead, so as to greatly reduce waste. of production.

Fourth, although bubble gum is a very favorite candy among children and is a food that is beneficial to human health, you must not throw away the chewed gum base because it will stick everywhere. When eating, you can first put away its wrapping paper to wrap the spit out gum base, and then throw it into the waste bin.

Fifth, don’t kill wild animals at will, especially don’t eat frogs, human beings’ best friend, because one frog can eat about 15,000 insects in a year, mainly pests.

Sixth, we must care for flowers, plants and trees, do not destroy urban greening, and actively participate in greening and tree planting activities.

Seventh, when leaving the room, turn off the lights and unplug the TV, stereo, computer, etc.

Eighth, even in the coldest places, there is no need to make the room temperature exceed 18℃. If you feel cold, you can wear more clothes.

Ninth, replace ordinary light bulbs with energy-saving lamps as much as possible. Although they are relatively expensive, their power consumption is only a small part of ordinary light bulbs.

Tenth, use airtight containers instead of plastic packaging to store food.

Eleventh, when purchasing drinks, choose recyclable canned drinks as much as possible.

Twelfth, please bring your own shopping bags when shopping to avoid using non-recyclable and non-biodegradable plastic bags.

Thirteenth, save water. When brushing your teeth, please turn off the faucet.

Fourteenth, gardeners should apply organic

fertilizers, such as compost and manure, and avoid

the use of pesticides and herbicides as they can leach into Soil harms water sources.

Fifteenth, slow down when driving, which consumes less fuel and reduces carbon dioxide emissions.

Sixteenth, try to walk instead of driving or riding a bicycle.

Whether it is the past, present, or future, whether it is family, country, or the world, the environment will always be our friend. Treating our friends well is treating ourselves well

4. Garbage Do you have any good ideas for recycling and utilization?

Research on classification, recycling and reuse of packaging waste

The continuous improvement of social productivity has promoted the rapid development of the modern packaging industry. As a result, modern packaging has the characteristics of large quantity and short life. Most modern packaging products are disposable consumer goods. The cycle from raw materials to finished products, consumption, and disposal is short. Once most products are in the hands of consumers, the life of the packaging is over. The resulting packaging waste has a negative impact on the environment. It has caused huge pollution and seriously affected the quality of human life. Data show that environmental pollution caused by packaging waste ranks fourth after water pollution, oceans and lakes, and air pollution. Therefore, establishing relevant laws and regulations to forcefully reduce the generation of packaging waste, while improving and enhancing its recycling and utilization technology, has become a topic of common concern around the world. This article attempts to classify packaging waste according to its materials and study their respective recycling and utilization.

1. Recycling and Utilization of Paper Packaging Waste

Paper packaging is the fastest growing packaging material, and its recycling and reuse can obtain obvious ecological and economic benefits. Characteristics have become the focus of development and utilization. Currently, paper packaging waste is usually recycled in two ways: paper recycling and the development of new products.

1. Recycling of paper packaging waste into paper

There are two main processes in the recycling of waste paper: pulping and papermaking. The pulping process is: crushing, purification, screening and concentration; papermaking is to transport the waste paper pulp to the paper machine, pass through the screen, press, dry and calender to make tube paper or flat paper.

①Disintegration of waste paper

After preliminary selection, waste paper is generally crushed with a hydraulic pulper

②Screening, decomposition and concentration of waste paper

The screening of waste paper after crushing is mainly to use a rotary screen (aperture: 10mm) and a 25L sieve (diameter: 2.5mm) to remove debris (plastic chips, wood chips) in the shredded waste paper , nylon rope, binding wire, etc.). Defragmentation is to continue to decompose the incompletely shredded waste paper parts (such as the part around the staples) by the deflanking machine, and further separate the remaining ink on the pulp fibers. Concentration is the use of concentration equipment (such as rotary screen concentrators, vacuum filters, pour pressure filters, etc.) to dehydrate and concentrate low-consistency paper pulp.

③ Remove asphalt, hot melt adhesive and other impurities from the slurry

If the slurry contains asphalt and wax, it needs to be heated and melted, and then evenly dispersed in the slurry using a cyclone separator Since the slurry is dispersed finely, it is not easily noticeable in the finished paper. The hot melt adhesive in the slurry will block the mesh, dirty the dyeing roller and drying cylinder during the papermaking process, resulting in paper breakage. Therefore, it must be removed by methods such as thermal dispersion method, cold screening method and thermal spraying method. .

④Deinking of waste paper

Deinking of waste paper is usually carried out in a hydraulic pulper that operates intermittently. In order to achieve good deinking effect, the following issues must be paid attention to; the order of feeding; the deinking agent is first added to the hot water of the pulper, and then the waste paper is added after dissolving; the temperature is appropriately increased to promote the diffusion of ink (due to the nature of the waste paper Different from the deinking agent, the low temperature is about 40~600℃ and the high temperature is about 80~900℃); appropriately extend the time to promote the loosening of waste paper and the dispersion of ink (usually the deinking time of each tank of slurry is 1~1.5h; wash in time Deinked slurry to prevent fiber discoloration

⑤Pulp bleaching

After the waste paper is stored for a period of time, the whiteness of the fiber will decrease. Bleaching is required to restore the original whiteness. Factories use bleaching machines to bleach pulp. If the bleaching agent is bleaching powder, the effective chlorine content is 7%, and the bleaching time is about 2 hours. The following measures are taken: 1. Strengthen washing and screening of fine fibers; 2. Bleaching according to fiber length; 3. Use enzyme pretreatment before bleaching.

Pulp preparation, activation, sizing and addition. The processes of filling, coloring, strengthening and papermaking are basically the same as those of ordinary papermaking and will not be repeated here.

2. Developing new products from paper packaging waste

① Making pulp molds. Plastic products

Pulp molded products are made by depositing waste paper pulp without debris onto a mesh model quickly and evenly through vacuum molding, hydraulic molding and air compression molding, and then compressing and drying it. The process is: waste paper sorting, grinding and pulping, preparation of ingredients, pulp sizing, concentration preparation, product molding, cold extrusion and shape correction. The product is lightweight, cheap, shockproof and breathable. It has the characteristics of good quality and no pollution to the environment, so it is widely used in the packaging of eggs, fruits, glass, etc.

②Manufacturing composite material boards

Waste paper can be used to make high-strength materials. Glued cardboard is made by pressing waste paper and phenolic or urea-formaldehyde resin together (the pressing temperature of phenolic resin is 170°C and the pressing temperature of urea-formaldehyde resin is 140°C). Waste paper can also be used to make asphalt corrugated boards. The method is to mold raw materials such as waste paper, cotton yarn, coconut fiber and asphalt. The product has good thermal insulation, waterproof, light, fireproof and corrosion resistance, and can be used as building materials.

③Making paper scraps

Use waste paper scraps to hydrolyze to produce a paste with strong adhesive force. The method is to put clean and ink-free paper scraps (1 part) into Soak in sodium hydroxide (0.1 part) for 24 hours, stir to dissolve, then add chloroacetic acid (0.35 part) and sodium carbonate (0.1 part), and finally add water and stir to form a slurry. To prevent mildew and discoloration, add a small amount of hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to neutral.

④Production of livestock feed

Waste paper can be used to produce livestock feed. The method is to chop the waste paper into pieces, add water and 2% hydrochloric acid, and then boil it for 2 hours. Under the action of , the cellulose is decomposed and broken, and then added to the feed (the addition amount is 20% to 40%). It is used to feed cattle, sheep and other animals, and its nutritional effect is 1/3 higher than that of ordinary feed. Cattle and sheep fed with this kind of feed have fewer diseases and gain more fat.

2. Recycling and Utilization of Wooden Packaging Waste

Wood is one of the important materials for packaging. Wood can be used to make various forms of transportation packaging containers and high-end sales packaging. The random disposal of a large amount of wooden packaging waste not only pollutes the natural environment, but also wastes precious resources. The recycling and utilization of wood packaging waste usually adopts recycling, mechanical or chemical treatment and other methods.

1. Recycling and reuse of wooden packaging

The recycling and reuse of wooden packaging is a method of collecting discarded wooden packaging and returning it to the manufacturer for use in original product packaging. This kind of recycling and reuse has three methods: fixed-point long-term supply, fixed-point timed recycling and bilateral agreement at the export location. Fixed-point long-term supply is suitable for manufacturers that provide products to other regions for a long time. Fixed-point and timed recycling is suitable for product packaging with large circulation volume and short circulation distance. Bilateral agreements at the place of export are applicable to packaged export products. By establishing some kind of bilateral agreement on packaging recycling, used wooden packaging can be recycled in cross-border circulation.

The recycling and reuse of wood packaging is the preferred way to recycle and utilize wood packaging waste.

2. Mechanical or chemical treatment of wood packaging

Using mechanical or chemical treatment methods, waste wooden packaging can be used to make floors, fiberboards, self-lubricating materials, and amino wood and other products.

①Manufacturing wood fiber board

Wood fiber board is a type of artificial board produced using wood scraps as the main raw material. The manufacturing process mainly includes material preparation, fiber separation, fiber drying, fiber classification, glue mixing, slab paving, slab hot pressing, post-processing, surface processing and other processes.

②Production of self-lubricating materials

Using the inertness of lignocellulose, recycled wood packaging can be used to manufacture parts and constituent materials of heavy-duty self-lubricating parts. When making, first put the wood chips into the autoclave and perform vacuum treatment at room temperature to remove volatile components and moisture. Then pour the thickened engine oil or polymer suspension containing polymer into the autoclave, and then pour the impregnated wood into the autoclave. The blank is sent to the pressing chamber, where it is heated and pressed to rearrange the polymers. The active substances settle on the surface of the particles and combine with the lignin to form a monolithic material that achieves the desired properties. Wood composite materials are widely used in the industrial production of electrical insulation. In addition, after the wood is impregnated with preservatives, it is also an excellent material that resists biochemical corrosion.

③Production of amino wood

Amino wood can be produced by chemically modifying the recycled wood packaging by utilizing the chemical activity of the chemical components contained in the wood. Amino wood can be produced by interacting with ammonia solution or heated gaseous ammonia at normal temperature and low pressure, and pressing it under a pressure of 100 to 300kg/cm2. This is an excellent new material with low production cost and strong biochemical corrosion resistance. Its strength is not only better than all wood, but also higher than bronze, and the price is only 1/10 of bronze. In addition, amino wood also has excellent processing properties such as milling, sawing, planing, and cutting. It can be used not only to manufacture parquet floors and furniture, but also to produce musical instruments, sports equipment, bushings, bearings, gears, etc.

④ Make antique letter banners

Remove iron nails, iron sheets and other debris from the recycled wooden packaging, and make it into 40cm small size plywood, and then process it into 1cm wide plywood edge strips , pasted on cloth, is the same as the wooden rolling shutter door product, and the banners made of darker plywood slats such as ash, oak, elm, etc. are similar to ancient letter slips.

⑤Preparation of molded products and modified polyvinyl alcohol plastic wood

Remove iron nails and other debris from the recycled wood packaging and make sawdust, and then mix the dry sawdust A certain amount of urea-formaldehyde resin and a small amount of auxiliary agents such as ferric chloride, paraffin, etc. are pre-pressed and hot-pressed, and then filled into a prefabricated blank to be hot-pressed and formed in one go. The finished product has a smooth surface and can be directly spray-painted for the production of watches. Shells, furniture and certain handicrafts, etc.

If the above sawdust is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol, coagulant, epoxy resin and curing agent, plastic wood products can be made. Polyvinyl alcohol has good processing properties, wear resistance, oil resistance, pressure resistance, and toughness. It also has physical properties such as high strength and wear resistance of bakelite.

There is huge potential for development in the e-waste recycling and reuse market. Henan Channel, December 27th: At present, relevant laws on e-waste recycling and reuse in my country have not yet been promulgated. Recycling is engaged in at a high-tech level. There is almost a blank slate for reuse companies, and existing waste treatment only remains in its original state, so there is huge development potential in this market.

According to reports, in order to effectively solve the problem of electronic waste polluting the environment

, relevant national departments are currently studying and formulating a new environmental protection system-the extended producer responsibility system, which will The management of electronic waste is organically linked to production.

Zhou Zhongfan, the former director of the Stationary Waste Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, who participated in the preliminary research work for the formulation of laws on the recycling and reuse of electronic waste in my country, said that the number of household appliances in our country has surged. There are more than 50 million TV sets in existence, more than 6 million computers are sold every year, and the number in possession exceeds 16 million. Together with other household appliances and industrial electronic instruments, the number of electronic products in my country has reached 500 million. If the service life of household appliances is 8 years and the life cycle of computers is 2 years, it is estimated that in 2-3 years, tens of millions of household appliances and electronic products will be discarded every year in China.

The recycling and reuse of electronic waste has become a development trend internationally. The European Union will ban the sale of electronic products containing hazardous substances such as lead and cadmium heavy metals from July 1, 2006, and implement recycling methods for household appliances. At the same time, it is stipulated that the business community must recycle at least 90% of discarded refrigerators and washing machines, and use 60% of such large electrical appliances for recycling. For personal computers, the recycling rate will be increased from 60% to 70% based on product weight, and the recycling rate will also be increased from 50% to 60%. California and Massachusetts have banned computer monitors from landfills. In response to the EU's environmental protection measures, Japan's Panasonic also advanced its "green plan" originally scheduled to be implemented in 2010 to April 2005.

Zhou Zhongfan mentioned at the "First China International Forum on Sustainable Consumption and Production" that China is promulgating relevant management measures for corporate electronic waste. This matter aroused strong interest from Guo Jia, representative of Panasonic Electric (China) Co., Ltd., and consulted several times for relevant information and the timetable for the introduction of this law. Guo Jia introduced that Panasonic has very mature electronic waste recycling technology in Japan. Once relevant Chinese laws are promulgated, Panasonic will operate in strict accordance with this law. Since this year, Panasonic has been paying attention to China's possible laws and regulations on electronic waste and their introduction time. The sensitivity of enterprises to this reflects the extraordinary significance of this policy to enterprises.

Zhou Zhongfan said that the core of the e-waste management measures is to emphasize the producer responsibility system and control the use of toxic substances from the source. Producers must bear responsibility for waste disposal, and of course consumers must also bear part of it. Responsibility, but the specific proportion depends on the situation.

Marcelo Furtado, representative of Greenpeace International, said that companies should try to reduce the production of toxic substances in electronic waste, and producers have a greater responsibility to pay attention to this issue. We should all be proactive in dealing with e-waste in our countries. Developed countries have strict requirements on the disposal methods of electronic waste, and the electronics industry implements the producer responsibility system.

According to information provided by Greenpeace, as much as 400 million tons of hazardous waste are generated globally every year. The cost of processing 1 ton of electronic waste in the United States is US$400, while it is shipped to developing countries for processing. Only $40. For the recycling and reuse of electronic waste, countries such as Europe and Japan have very mature technologies. Electronic products contain extremely valuable heavy metals, such as gold, rhodium, palladium and copper, as well as reusable plastics. However, the recycling of electronic products has very high technical requirements. At present, most of the recycling and processing work in our country is operated by individual enterprises in towns and villages, resulting in a large waste of resources and serious pollution. Therefore, there is a very large space for both technology and practical application of recycling. According to experts, our country should work hard to solve the recycling technology of cathode ray tubes in electronic products, the metal recycling technology of printed circuit boards and vital parts, the recycling and processing technology of cadmium, lead and mercury, and the harmless regeneration and processing of plastics. Technology and other technologies, these technologies are of relatively high level abroad and can be learned from.