Brown spot refers to patches of different sizes on the face, as small as coins or butterflies; Big face like a map. The color is yellowish brown or light black, and it is laid flat on the skin without disturbing the touch. Chloasma is symmetrically distributed around the zygomatic face, cheeks, forehead, nose, mouth and eyes, with obvious boundaries, no fading after pressing, smooth surface, no scales and no itching pain. There are many factors causing chloasma, mainly endocrine factors, physical factors, chemical factors and inflammation. Tuberculosis, cancer and chronic alcoholism can all induce chloasma. According to the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, chloasma can be divided into three types: stagnation of liver qi, deficiency of spleen and soil, and deficiency of kidney water. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, chloasma can be treated by acupuncture, scraping, dietotherapy and umbilical application. Acupuncture treatment: Ganshu is selected for liver depression type. Zusanli and Xuehai, Shenshu, Zhao Hai, Zusanli and Xuehai are selected for kidney deficiency. Scraping treatment: use water horn board, dip in safflower oil, and select points according to acupoints. Dietotherapy: You should always eat foods with more vitamin C, such as jujube, leek, spinach, orange, radish, cabbage, wax gourd, tomato, green onion, persimmon and celery.
Classification and treatment of nevus Many punctate or pigmented nevus often appear on the surface of normal human body, some are flat, some are higher than the surface, some are obviously pigmented, and some are not. Some are punctate, some are big, some are hairy, and some are smooth and hairless. On average, 15-20 moles can be found on the normal human body surface, which can occur in all parts of the human body, but the face and neck are the most common parts. Most of these moles are benign and generally do not need treatment, but individual moles are malignant melanoma, so we should be very vigilant. Pigmented nevus can be divided into two types according to cell morphology: acellular nevus and cellular nevus. Cell-free nevus can be divided into freckles and pigmented spots, all of which are benign without malignant transformation. Generally, no treatment is needed. For a few cases that are unsightly, surgical resection can be considered, and laser or low-temperature freezing cautery can also be used. However, it should be noted that pathological examination cannot be done after applying the above methods, and it can only be implemented after a clear diagnosis. Acellular nevus can be divided into five different types, four of which have malignant transformation and some can develop into malignant melanoma. 1, intradermal nevus, is the most common one, with flat or slightly high surface, often hair growth, normal to dark color, some pedicles or warts, and it is a benign nevus. Generally, it can exist naturally without treatment, or it can be surgically removed. 2. The surface of cross-border nevus is generally smooth or slightly higher than the surface, and there is generally no hair growth on the front. 3, mixed nevus, this is intradermal nevus and borderline nevus, mostly not higher than the surface, round or oval, irregular in size. Some even have no hair, and the pigment is from deep to less. Because it has no standard form, it is difficult to make a clinical diagnosis, and it often takes pathological examination after surgery to get a correct diagnosis. 4. Blue nevus often grows on buttocks, instep, back of hand and face, with clear boundaries from brown to blue, and the size of round or oval is within a few millimeters, rarely exceeding1.5cm.5.. Juvenile nevus is a common kind of nevus in childhood, which is benign clinically, but it may also become malignant. It is difficult to diagnose the type and nature of pigmented nevus only by clinical morphology, and it must be treated kindly. Once it becomes malignant, it is more difficult to treat and the effect is not very good. Such examples are not uncommon in reality. It is better to go to the hospital for treatment. What is a mole, will it become skin cancer? Nevus are benign tumors on the body surface. According to pathological classification, nevus can be divided into three types: (1) borderline nevus: located at the junction of epidermis and dermis. More common in palms, soles, lips and external genitalia. The surface is flat or slightly high, with the size of 1-2 mm, and it is light brown, brown-black or blue-black. There is the possibility of canceration, and melanoma can appear. (2) intradermal nevus: It exists in the dermis. The surface is smooth and the boundary is clear. More than 1mm, the growth is flaky, flat or slightly convex. The color is dark and uniform, with light brown, dark brown or dark black. Cancer does not usually occur. (3) mixed mole: It is a mixture of the above two, generally like intradermal nevus, and it can also become cancerous due to the composition of borderline nevus. Everyone has moles, but which moles are easy to become cancerous? What is the sign of the evolution from common nevus to melanoma cancer? If the mole suddenly increases in a short period of time, it will quickly form a raised nodule and the color will deepen, so be alert. The nevus keeps expanding outward, the boundary is blurred, and even pseudopodia appears. When it expands to a certain extent, papillary hyperplasia or rupture occurs, forming a small ulcer (often in the shape of a fire spout). The surface is easy to bleed, ooze or be covered with blood scabs, and black spots, black halos or pigment nodules often appear around it. The regional lymph nodes near the nevus are often swollen and palpable. At the same time, patients feel local itching and burning pain. If these changes occur in the body, you should seek medical advice immediately, preferably by biopsy. What kind of mole should I go to, and the younger the better? Most moles on the face or other parts of the body are benign, and you can "live in peace" with your owner without any treatment. But some moles need treatment. 1) The size of a super-large mole can sometimes predict whether it will cause trouble in the future. Studies have shown that larger moles are more likely to become malignant than smaller moles (except giant moles). 2) It is more likely that the mole that is easy to get will become a malignant mole. For example, pigmented nevus that grows on the hands and feet, neck, armpit, chest, head, back, genitals and other easily worn parts has a high probability of malignant transformation, so it must be observed regularly or removed directly to prevent malignant transformation and metastasis. 3) Sunlight or ultraviolet radiation may increase the chance of mole change, so it is best to remove moles from the parts that are obviously exposed for a long time. 4) The nevus growing on the soles of limbs is the most common part of melanoma. According to medical statistics, special attention should be paid to moles at the ends of limbs, such as those under fingers or nails. Most malignant melanoma in the East occurs in hands and feet. Therefore, if you find that the moles on your palms and soles grow abnormally fast, you must seek medical attention as soon as possible. 5) Unstable nevus is painful, itchy and discolored. 6) Congenital nevus People born with nevus are much more at risk of cancer than those born with nevus. In order to nip in the bud, experts suggest that people over 40 should do a self-examination once a month: take off all their clothes, hold a small mirror in front of the full-length mirror, and check the moles on the whole skin, especially if there are any newly discovered moles. Melanoma is characterized by irregular edges and irregular twists and turns; Not all black, but variegated and intertwined; At first, it is small and imperceptible, but it will gradually get bigger. A normal mole is neat and uniform black or dark brown, and it is easy to divide it into two symmetrical parts with a straight line. If melanoma can be found early, what should we pay attention to after Dot mole is completely removed under local anesthesia? Just after laser mole removal, there will be scabs locally, so we should pay attention to avoid local infection. Try not to touch water for the first two days. You can wash your face later, but you should wash it immediately after washing, and pay attention to avoid the sun. Generally, after one week, the scab on the surface can naturally fall off. Don't remove the scab yourself, or you will easily leave a scar. The best seasons to choose are spring and autumn. It is hot in summer, so it is easy to sweat and the wound is more susceptible to infection. Can a particularly large mole or hairy mole be eradicated? What can we do? In particular, large moles and hairy moles are difficult to treat and can be eradicated, but they often leave scars. It can be determined according to the location, size and type of the mole. Ota nevus can be removed by laser, and some nevus can be removed by stages. The skin defect formed after excision of large nevus can be repaired by plastic surgery techniques such as skin grafting, skin flap and skin expansion, and it needs to be treated in plastic surgery in regular hospitals.