university of bologna

School profile

University of Bologna (Italian: universitàdi Bologna；; ; Honorable name: Mother of University, Latin: Alma Mater Studiorum (also translated as University of Bologna, University of Bologna) is the oldest university recognized in Europe, located in Bologna, the capital of Emilia-Romagne Region. Although the constitution of the university was first formulated in 13 17, in fact, the first law school appeared in Bologna as early as the end of 1 1. Therefore, on the occasion of the 800th anniversary of the University, the Historical Committee led by Josue Calduch set the time for the establishment of the University as 1088. The founder of this university is Nerio.

The mother of European universities

1988, 18 In September, on the occasion of the 900th anniversary of the founding of the University of Bologna, the presidents of 430 European universities signed the Charter of European Universities in Bologna, officially declaring the University of Bologna as the "Mother of Universities" in Europe (Latin: Alma Mater Studiorum), that is, the alma mater of all European universities.

history

The roots of universities can be traced back to Bologna in the 1 1 century, when many scholars of grammar, rhetoric and logic, known as commentators, gathered to comment on the ancient Roman code. Scholars' initial research focused on law, among which Pepone, Yi Nerio and Graetz Yano were the earliest recorded scholars. After listening to the suggestions of four Nerio students, Emperor Federico I issued a decree in 1 158, stipulating that universities should be independent as research places and not influenced by any power.

Since14th century, following the law, Bologna University has welcomed many scholars in logic, astronomy, medicine, philosophy, arithmetic, rhetoric and grammar. 1364, the university established a theological seminary. Many famous people in the history of science and literature have studied, studied or taught here, among which GuidodiGuinizellodiMagnano, Dante, Francesco Petracca, Chino da pistoia, Cheko Dascoli, Renzo, Saglimbene Beneda Palma and Coluccio Saluti are the most famous.

The University of Bologna contracted in a small scale in the15th century, but it retained many famous scholars like Andre Harcia, and began to teach Greek and Hebrew at the same time.

/kloc-In the 6th century, the University of Bologna initiated a teaching called "Natural Magic", which is our experimental science today. Pietro pangbo Nazzi, a famous figure in this period, challenged traditional theology by studying natural science, while ulisse aldrovandi laid the foundation of natural science and made important contributions to the development of pharmacology, collecting and classifying many animals, fossils and natural phenomena. At the same time, universities became the center of algebra research, represented by cardano and Philo. /kloc-in the 6th century, Gaspare Tagliacozzi began the initial research of plastic surgery./kloc-in the 7th century, it was the golden age of medical development in Bologna, and marcello Marby began to teach human anatomy with a microscope. Thanks to their efforts, medicine has made great progress during this period.

The reputation of the University of Bologna in the Middle Ages spread all over Europe, and it became an academic holy land that scholars flocked to. Like Thomas Beckett, Parra Celsus, Raimondeau de Penaforte (Raimundo de Pe? Aford), Diu Lei, San Carlos borromeo, great poet Tasso, philosopher Erasmus, Pope Nicholas V, Pico de la Mirandola, art theorist alberti and Carlo Godoni all came here to study. While studying the papal law here, mikolaj kopernik began his own observation and research on astronomy.

With the industrial revolution in the18th century, the University of Bologna has made its own unique contribution to the development of science and technology. During this period, galvani, Alessandro Volta, Benjamin Franklin, Henry cavendish and others * * * initiated the era of modern electricity. After risorgimento, the University of Bologna ushered in another academic peak. At the same time, famous scholars include Giovanni Capellini, Josu Kaducci, Giovanni Pascoli, Augusto Mori, Federigo enriquez and giacomo Simian.

At the 800th anniversary ceremony of Bologna University on 1888, representatives from almost all universities in the world gathered in Bologna to cheer for the honor of being the mother of universities. They acknowledge that the University of Bologna is their root and the foundation for inheriting and pursuing tolerance. This day has become an international academic festival.

The University of Bologna has always been the center of world culture and academia, until the outbreak of two world wars, the focus of research and education shifted. However, she has always played a decisive role and successfully led the reform of the European university system in the process of the continuous renewal and development of the education system in developed countries.

Recent development

1June 1999 19 In the classroom of Bologna University, the education ministers of 29 European countries signed the Bologna Declaration, which defined the European higher education area and the important goal of promoting its global development to improve the competitiveness of European universities. This Bologna process reform plan, including all European countries involved in the compatibility reorganization of university education system, is expected to be completed in 20 10.

Today, the University of Bologna has more than100000 registered students, making it one of the universities with the largest number of students in Italy. There are 23 departments and 235 majors in the school, including junior major 132, senior major 95 and EU cooperation program 8. The teaching staff is very strong. There are 2,500 teachers (including 540 full professors, about 1 10 full professors, about 740 associate professors, 240 associate professors and more than 700 researchers). In addition, there are 90 postgraduate courses that are still increasing year by year, with more than 700 tutors. Most specialized courses are closely related to enterprises.

According to a recent report by the Higher Education Evaluation Committee, the University of Bologna is the most internationalized Italian university in China. There are about 3,600 officially registered foreign students. Every year, about 1500 students come to the University of Bologna through exchange programs between European universities such as Socrates Plan and Erasmus Plan, as well as study abroad programs with overseas universities. Every year, 2,300 students from the University of Bologna go abroad to study, practice and finish their graduation thesis through exchange programs.