I don't know if you like Xunzi as much as I do, because Xunzi advocates that human nature is evil. In fact, what Xunzi said is not evil. Xunzi said in the theory of evil nature:
Human nature is evil, and good behavior is artificial. Human nature, born with a love for money and interests, is obedient to this kind of human nature, so predatory competition arises, while resignation and humility disappear; Born with jealousy and hatred, I succumbed to this human nature, so killing and framing came into being and loyalty disappeared; From birth, there is an instinct for the beauty of music and obedience to this human nature, so fornication arises and etiquette disappears. From this point of view, indulgence of human nature and obedience to human lust will inevitably lead to competition and plunder, and will inevitably merge with acts that infringe on rank titles and disrupt etiquette and justice, and eventually tend to riot. Therefore, it is necessary to have the enlightenment of the teacher's law and the guidance of courtesy and righteousness, so that talents will start from refusing to be humble and obeying the etiquette, and eventually tend to be stable and peaceful. From this point of view, it is obvious that human nature is evil and good behavior is man-made.
Therefore, the bent wood must be fumigated and corrected by a fumigator before it can be straightened; Metal utensils that are not sharp must be sharpened by grinding. The evil of human nature can only be corrected by the education of teacher's law and cured by the guidance of courtesy and righteousness. Without teachers and testimonies, people will be devious, sinister and incorrect; If you have no manners, you will rebel, and if you don't keep order, you will make trouble.
Ancient wise kings believed that human nature was evil and that people were deviant, sinister and rebellious, so they established etiquette and statutes for them, forcibly rectified people's temperament, corrected it, tamed and influenced people's temperament, and guided them. So that they can all proceed from observing order and conform to correct moral principles. Nowadays, people who can be influenced by the teachings of teachers, accumulate classical knowledge of literature and abide by etiquette and righteousness are gentlemen; Those who indulge in willfulness, indulge in wanton debauchery and violate etiquette and justice are all villains. From this point of view, it is obvious that human nature is evil and good behavior is man-made.
Mencius said: "What people want to learn is the kind of goodness of nature."
I said: this is not right. This is a saying that we haven't understood human nature yet. We don't know the difference between the innate and acquired white people. Nature is made by nature, impossible to learn and artificial. Etiquette and righteousness are created by saints, and only those who have studied and worked hard can do it. What people can't learn and what people can't build is called nature; What people can learn and do through hard work is called human behavior; This is the difference between innate nature and acquired artificial. That person's nature, eyes can be used to see, ears can be used to hear. The eyesight that can be used to see things cannot be separated from the eyes, and the hearing that can be used to hear sounds cannot be separated from the eyes.
Ears are obvious. The eyesight of eyes and the hearing of ears cannot be learned.
Mencius said: "human nature is good, and its evil deeds must be due to the loss of nature."
I said, this explanation is wrong. Mencius' so-called good nature means beauty without leaving quality and feeling good without leaving qualifications. The relationship between talent and beauty, the relationship between mind and kindness, just as the vision of seeing things can not be separated from the eyes, and the hearing of hearing can not be separated from the ears. Therefore, the beauty of qualification and the goodness of mind are just like the eyesight of eyes and the hearing of ears. If human nature is born from his qualities and qualifications, it will certainly lose its beauty and kindness. From this perspective, it is obvious that human nature is evil. Human nature, hungry to eat, cold to wear warm clothes, tired to rest, these are human desires and nature. When people are hungry, they dare not eat first when they see their father and brother, because they have to humble themselves; Tired, I dare not ask for a rest when I see my father and brother, because I want to do something for them. The son is humble to his father, and the elder brother is humble to his younger brother; The son works instead of his father, and the younger brother works instead of his brother; These two virtues are contrary to sex and lust, but they are the principle of filial piety and the system of propriety and righteousness. Therefore, following the nature of lust will not refuse humility, and refusing humility will violate the nature of lust. From this point of view, then people's inherent evil is obvious, while good behavior is man-made.
Someone asked: "Human nature is evil, so where does the ceremony come from?"
I answered him: all courtesy comes from the efforts of saints, not from human nature. Pottery workers stir and knead the soil to make pottery, so pottery comes from the manual efforts of pottery workers, not from human nature. Woodworkers cut wood to make wood products, so wood products are produced by workers' manual efforts, not by human nature. Sages are thoughtful and familiar with man-made things, which leads to the emergence of rituals and the establishment of statutes. Then the etiquette and justice statutes are produced by the efforts of saints, not by human nature. As for those eyes that love beauty, ears that love music, mouths that love food, hearts that love money, and comfortable bodies,
These are all things that come from human nature, things that are naturally formed as soon as they feel, and things that will be produced without relying on human efforts. Those things that are not formed by feelings, but must be formed by hard work, are called artificial. This is the innate nature and the acquired man-made things and their different characteristics. A saint turns over a new leaf and makes efforts for others. Through man-made efforts, the ceremony came into being, the ceremony came into being, and the statutes came into being. So these things are created by saints. Sages are different from others, which is the innate nature; Sages are different from others, and it is the efforts of acquired people that surpass others.
It is human nature to love money and have hope for it. If someone wants to divide property between brothers and follow the nature of loving money and hoping to get it, then brothers will also turn against each other and compete with each other; If educated in etiquette and justice, it will be exported to all people in China. Then go with nature.
Fight for brothers; If you are educated by ethics, it will be exported to all people in China.
Generally speaking, people want to do good because of their evil nature. Poor hope is rich, ugly hope is beautiful, narrow hope is broad, poor hope is rich, and humble hope is noble. If you don't have it, you must pursue it outward; Therefore, when you have money, don't envy it. When you are rich, you don't envy power. If there is, I will definitely not pursue it. From this perspective, the reason why people want to do good is because human nature is evil. There is no concept of propriety and righteousness in human nature, so we study hard and master it hard; Nature doesn't know manners, so we try to understand with our brains. Then if there is only nature, people will not be polite, and they will not understand etiquette. mankind
Rudeness leads to chaos, and rudeness leads to rebellion. Then if man has only nature, then there is only rebellion in his heart. From this point of view, it is obvious that human nature is evil, and those of them
Good behavior is artificial.
Mencius said, "Human nature is good."
I said: this is not right. Throughout the ages, all the so-called goodness in the world refers to correctness, rationality, stability and order; The so-called evil is deviant, sinister and rebellious. This is the difference between good and evil. If you really think that human nature is correct, rational, stable and orderly, then where do you need a wise emperor and etiquette? Even with a wise emperor and courtesy, what can the correct, rational, stable and orderly nature add? Actually, it's not. Human nature is evil. Ancient sages believed that human nature was evil, that people were deviant, sinister, unhealthy, rebellious and disorderly, so they established the power of the monarch to rule people, and made it very clear.
We should educate them with courtesy and righteousness, establish the rule of law to manage them, increase punishment to limit them, and make everyone in the world obey the order and reach the standard of kindness. This is the governance of a wise monarch and the education of propriety and righteousness. If we abandon the power of the monarch, do not carry out the education of courtesy and righteousness, abandon the management of the rule of law, and do not restrict the punishment, we will not be able to see the exchanges with people all over the world. Then, powerful people will invade and plunder the weak people, and many people will bully and suppress the weak people. In a short time, there will be chaos in the world and the country will be ruined. From this point of view, it is obvious that human nature is evil and good behavior is man-made.
Those who are good at talking about ancient times must have verification of modern times; People who are good at chatting must be fulfilled for personnel. All arguments are valuable because they can be tested like behaviors and symbols. So sit and talk, stand up and you can arrange it, and you can implement it when you promote it. Now Mencius says that "human nature is good", and there is no evidence to match it, which can be verified. Sitting and talking, standing can't be arranged, and publicity can't be implemented. Isn't this a terrible mistake? If you think that human nature is good, get rid of the wise emperor and cancel the etiquette; If you think that human nature is evil, then you will support a wise emperor and respect propriety and righteousness. The shaper is produced because of the curved wood; The appearance of ink-line Mo Dou is because there is something wrong; It is because of the evil nature of human nature that the monarch is established and the ceremony is manifested. From this point of view, it is obvious that human nature is evil and good behavior is man-made.
Straight wood is straight without a shaper, because it is straight by nature. Curved wood must be fumigated and corrected by a shaper before it can be straightened, because its nature is not straight. The viciousness of human beings must rely on the governance of wise emperors and the education of etiquette and righteousness, so that all of them can proceed from observing order and reach the standard of kindness. From this point of view, it is obvious that human nature is evil and good behavior is man-made.
Someone asked, "human nature is to accumulate human factors and formulate etiquette, so saints can create etiquette."
Answer him: this is not right. Pottery workers mix soil to produce pottery. Is it the nature of a Potter to make clay into pottery? Woodworkers cut wood to make utensils, so is it the nature of carpenters to make utensils with wood? For example, a saint is like a Potter stirring mud to make pottery, so is it human nature to accumulate human factors and formulate etiquette? All human nature, clever Yao Shun and cruel Jie Li and wisdom are the same; A gentleman with morality and a villain without behavior are essentially the same. If it is human nature to accumulate human factors and formulate etiquette, then why should Yao and Yu be respected and why should gentlemen be respected? Generally speaking, people should admire Yao, Yu and Gentleman, because they can change their own nature, and after human efforts, they have produced courtesy; In this case, the sage made a ritual to accumulate human factors, just like a Potter stirs and rubs clay to produce pottery. From this perspective, then the accumulation of human factors
Where is human nature when it is formulated as a ritual? People look down on Jie, Zhi and Xiao because they indulge their own nature, obey their own passions, and are used to wanton debauchery, so that they commit atrocities of greed and competition. Therefore, people's viciousness is obvious, and good behavior is artificial.
God does not favor Zeng Shen, Min Ziqian and Xiao Ji and abandon everyone, but only Zeng Shen, Min Ziqian and Xiao Ji enrich the actual content of filial piety and fulfill the good name of filial son. Why? Because they try their best to observe etiquette. God did not favor Qilu people and abandon Qin people, but Qin people were not as filial, respectful and serious as Qilu people in terms of courtesy and righteousness between father and son and the difference between husband and wife. Why? Because Qin people are self-indulgent, used to wanton debauchery and neglect etiquette, what are their differences in nature?
"Ordinary people can also be redundant on the road. How to explain this? "
A: Generally speaking, Yu became Yu because he can practice the law of benevolence and righteousness. In this case, the law of benevolence and righteousness can be understood and realized, and ordinary people on the road are also qualified to understand the law of benevolence and righteousness, and they all have the talent to do so; In this case, it is obvious that they can be more than. If we think that the laws of benevolence and righteousness have no nature that can be understood and practiced, then even Yu Can can't understand and practice them. If people on the road are not qualified to understand the law of benevolence and righteousness, nor are they capable of doing it, then people on the road cannot understand the etiquette between father and son, nor can they understand the rules between monarch and minister. Actually, it's not. Nowadays, people on the road can understand the etiquette between father and son, but they can understand the rules between monarch and minister. Then, it is obvious that those who can understand the qualifications of benevolence and righteousness and can do it exist in people on the road. If people on the road now master the essence of understanding and doing justice with their talents of understanding and doing justice, then obviously, they can become. If people on the road now believe in Taoism, concentrate on it, think seriously, explore it, persevere day after day, and accumulate good deeds, then they can reach the gods and stand side by side with heaven and earth. Therefore, saints are the achievements of ordinary people who accumulate good deeds.
Some people say: "saints can achieve by accumulating goodness, but ordinary people can't accumulate goodness." Why? "
Answer: Yes, but they can't be forced to do it. A villain can be a gentleman but not a gentleman, and a gentleman can be a villain but not a villain. Villains and gentlemen may not be able to do things together, but they don't do things together because they can but can't force them to do it. Therefore, ordinary people on the road can become redundant, which is right; Everyone on the road can be Yu, which is not necessarily right. Although no one can become Yu, it does not prevent him from becoming Yu. Feet can travel around the world, but no one can travel around the world yet. Artisans, farmers and businessmen can do things interchangeably, but no one can do things interchangeably. From this perspective, it can be done, but it may not be done; Even if you can't do it, it won't hinder you. Then, can and can't, the two are very different, obviously can't switch each other.
Yao asked Shun, "What is human nature?"
Shun replied: "Human nature is evil, why ask more?" With a wife and children, filial piety to parents is weakened; When hobbies and desires are satisfied, the trustworthiness of friends is weakened; When the salary of the title is satisfied, the loyalty to the monarch is weakened. Human nature! Human nature! It's not good. Why ask?
Only people with high moral character will not do this. "
There are the wisdom of sages, the wisdom of gentlemen, the wisdom of villains and the wisdom of slaves. Here's the thing. ...
More, but in line with etiquette, justice, statutes, talking about his truth all day, talking about endless changes, and his statutes and statutes are always the same, which is the wisdom of saints. Not many words, but straightforward and concise. It's like supporting it with ink lines. This is the wisdom of a gentleman. he
His words are flattering, but his actions are contrary to what he said. He often regrets what he has done, which is the wisdom of a villain. It is slavery to speak quickly but not excessively, to have complex skills, to be general and useless, to analyze problems quickly, to choose words and make sentences skillfully without doing anything, to distinguish right from wrong, not to talk about the merits of right and wrong, and to beggar one's neighbor.
The wisdom of servants.
There are first-class brave, middle-class brave and inferior brave. The world has the right path and dares to stand up and defend it; Ancient holy kings were handed down from the right path and dared to carry out their principle spirit; Troubled times don't follow the monarch, and troubled times don't mess with the people; Where benevolence exists, we don't care about poverty and poverty, and where benevolence is lost, we don't want to be rich and expensive; Everyone knows him, and he will share joys and sorrows with everyone; The world doesn't know him, so it stands between heaven and earth without fear: this is first-class courage. Polite, courteous, modest, above money, dare to recommend talented people and put them in high positions, and dare to remove unscrupulous people: this is the courage of the mean. Look down on your own life, value money, and don't care about getting into trouble and avoiding guilt in many ways; Whether true or false, right or wrong, it is my wish to surpass others: this is the courage to feel inferior.
It's a good bow in ancient times. But if you can't get the correction of the appliance, you won't straighten yourself. Qi Huangong's green onion, unique que, unique record, unique Meng, unique He Lv's general, unique ju que and green are all good ancient swords. But it won't be sharp without grinding, and it can't be cut without manpower. Huaxiang,, and Yi were all good horses in ancient times. However, it must be controlled by the drill and the reins, threatened by the whip, and controlled by the algae. Even if a person is well qualified and good at distinguishing and understanding, he must find a talented teacher to serve him and choose friends with both ability and political integrity to associate with him. If you get a talented teacher to serve him, then what you hear is the right path of Yao Shun Yu Tang; If you get friends with good moral integrity and associate with them, what you see is loyalty, trustworthiness, respect and humility; He unconsciously entered the realm of benevolence and righteousness day by day, which was caused by external contact. If you get along with people who are morally corrupt, what you hear is deception and lies, and what you see is filth, meanness, lewdness and greed, and you will be punished and killed unconsciously. This is also the reason why he became like this because of external contact. The ancient book says, "He who doesn't know his son, how to meet his friends, and he who doesn't know his husband."
See how the people around him are. "This is just contact with the outside world. Just outside contact.
The above is my answer to your question, I hope I can help you! ! ! !