1. New afforestation technology for early-yielding and high-yielding camellia oleifera

1. Forest land selection. Choose acidic red loam gently sloping mountainous areas with deep, fertile soil, good drainage, sunny or semi-sunny slopes, and long sunshine hours.

2. Select strong seedlings. Select local disease-resistant and high-yielding varieties, such as Hongtao Tea No. 1 from Jianou in Fujian Province. Standards for strong seedlings: Grade A grafted seedlings, with a height of 25 to 30 cm and a base diameter of 0.4 cm; Grade II grafted seedlings with a height of 15 to 20 cm and a base diameter of 0.35 cm; Grade A excellent family seedlings (seedlings) 20 cm high, with complete root system and no pests or diseases.

3. Scientific soil preparation. Requirements for land preparation: dig up and fill in, cut high and fill low, take advantage of big bends, straighten small bends, cultivate steep hills to preserve water and soil, and fully cultivate crops on flat mountains; light rain does not leave the belt, and heavy rain makes it difficult to go down the mountain; land preparation in autumn, and afforestation in winter; Land preparation in winter, afforestation in spring; full reclamation or strip land preparation on gentle slopes less than 15 degrees, and terraced land preparation on steep slopes.

4. Reasonable density. The planting density is 60 to 110 plants/acre, the suitable row spacing is 3 to 3.5 meters, and the plant spacing is 2 to 3 meters.

5. Scientific planting. Mix the base fertilizer evenly to cover the topsoil, straighten the seedlings, backfill with fine soil, and compact it in layers.

6. Strengthen cultivation. After the seedlings are planted, they are tended 2 to 3 times a year, the first time in April to May, and the second time in July to August. In winter, apply soil and fertilizer in conjunction with deep cultivation. Flower buds (referring to current-year grafted seedlings) need to be removed in the first three years to speed up crown formation. Legumes or dwarf crops are planted in the forest.

7. Prune and shape the crown into a natural open-shaped tree.

① Young trees: Shorten the main trunk of the sapling 50 cm from the ground and select 3 to 4 oblique branches with even distribution and suitable branch angles as the main branches. Wait for them to grow. When they reach a height of 40 to 50 centimeters, they will be cut short, and 2 to 3 branches of each branch will be selected as secondary main branches. When they grow to a height of 30 to 40 centimeters, they will be cut short and cultivated to become mother branches for fruiting. Through short cutting and topping, it forms a high-yielding canopy with a natural, open-centered and luxuriant shape.

② Early stage of fruiting: When the plant is growing vigorously, you can top it after the fruit setting node; if the plant is growing weakly, you must strengthen the tree vigor and expand the crown.

③ Peak fruiting period: dwarfing the crown is an important measure to regulate the growth and development of Camellia oleifera. If there are new shoots on the vegetative branches during the peak season, they should be pinched at the 3 to 4 leaves of the remaining fruit nodes in time; the overgrown branches should be cut off in time, and the crown of the overly dense tree should be "opened", the long branches should be retracted, and appropriate cultivation should be done. The fruiting mother branch prevents the fruiting part from moving outward.

④Renewal period: After several years of fruiting, the fruiting layer gradually moves upward, and there are few branches on the inner branches, which tend to decline. At this time, the branches should be cut short at a height of 50 to 100 cm above the ground in spring. Retract, renew the crown, and be careful to fertilize to restore vigor.

8. Scientific fertilization. Fertilizer for young trees is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potash fertilizer. From June to July of the year of planting, apply thin fertilizer appropriately after the saplings recover, 25 grams per plant, and keep a distance of 30 cm from each other to avoid fertilizer damage. In March of the next year, before new shoots sprout, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.5 kilograms per plant, and in early December, use 5 to 10 kilograms of soil fertilizer or manure per plant as overwintering fertilizer. As the tree grows, the amount of fertilizer applied should increase year by year. Fertilization during the fruiting period requires a reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Apply quick-acting fertilizer in March, 1 to 2 kilograms per plant; apply soil fertilizer in October, 15 to 20 kilograms per plant.

2. Eight major technical measures for the transformation of Camellia oleifera low-yielding forests

1. Forest land clearing. It is carried out once a year, mainly to remove miscellaneous shrubs, branches, old, residual, diseased and insect plants in the forest and burn them.

2. The dense spaces make up for the sparse spaces. For those with multiple plants, keep the main ones that are strong and high-yielding, dig out the rest, and replant them with high-quality varieties in sparse areas. The reasonable density is about 60 plants per acre.

3. Dig deeply and cultivate shallowly. Deep cultivation is carried out in winter, and shallow cultivation is combined with weeding in summer. Its function is to remove weeds, improve soil, enhance drought resistance, improve forest environment, and reduce pests and diseases.

4. Store water, soil and fertilizer. Woodland with steep slopes should be formed into a trapezoid as much as possible, or bamboo ditches with a width of 1 to 1.5 meters should be excavated horizontally in a strip shape.

5. Pruning and shaping. Improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of tea forests through pruning and shaping. Old trees should be pruned of dense branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, thin branches, diseased branches, insect branches, etc. The pruned diseased and insect branches should be burned. The above-mentioned work of cultivating high-yielding tree structures should be carried out in winter.

6. Fertilize properly. The first is to interplant green manure, the second is to return dry tea husks to the mountains, and the third is to topdress with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Fertilization method: Apply soil-based fertilizer in winter, about 30 kilograms per plant; in spring, apply compound fertilizer mainly composed of nitrogen and phosphorus, 1 to 2 kilograms per plant.

7. Pest and disease control. Adhere to prevention first, combine tree management, and regularly spray fungicides such as Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim from April to July. If you are affected by beetles and weevils, you should spray them with 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon crystals.

8. Pick at the right time. Fujian Camellia oleifera is mostly Lidong seeds. It is picked one week after the Lidong Festival (about mid-November) when 5% of the tea fruits on the tree are slightly cracked and easy to peel, and the seeds are black and fully mature.

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Camellia oil (also known as wild camellia oil, tea seed oil, camellia oleifera seed oil) is obtained from the seeds of the Camellia oleifera tree.

The production process of camellia oil can be divided into: shelling, drying, crushing, steaming, oil pressing, and filtering. The whole process is physical method, so it is a truly pure natural green edible oil.

Tea oil does not contain erucic acid, cholesterol, aflatoxin and other additives. After testing, tea oil contains more than 90% unsaturated fatty acids, 80-83% oleic acid, and 7-13% linoleic acid. It is also rich in protein and vitamins A, B, D, E, etc., especially its The rich linolenic acid contained in it is essential but cannot be synthesized by the human body.

Alias: camellia oil, tea seed oil, camellia oleifera seed oil, hawthorn oil, mixed tree oil, tea seed oil

Basic introduction:

Camelliaaceae Fatty oil obtained by pressing the mature seeds of plant Camellia oleifera or Camellia oleifera. Camellia oil is extracted from the fruits of wild woody oil plants. Together with oil palm, olive and coconut, it is known as the world's four largest woody edible oil tree species. It is also a unique and excellent native tree species in my country. The dual therapeutic function of tea oil in my country is actually better than that of olive oil. In addition to the similar fatty acid composition, oil properties and nutritional components of the two oils, tea oil also contains specific physiologically active substances tea polyphenols and camellia glycosides that olive oil does not have ( That is tea saponin, or tea saponin). Camellia oil is divided into red camellia oil and white camellia oil, and there is no difference in nutritional content. Among them, white camellia oil is mainly produced in southeastern China, mainly in Quzhou and Lishui of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Huangshan of Anhui.

1. Economic value

The seeds contain more than 30% oil, which is used for food, hair conditioning, and medicine. It can be used to make candles and soaps, and can also be used as a substitute for engine oil. Camellia oleifera, together with oil palm, olive and coconut, are known as the world's four largest woody edible oil plants.

Camellia oleifera has high comprehensive utilization value. Tea seed meal contains tea saponin, tea seed polysaccharide, tea seed protein, etc., which are raw materials for chemical industry, light industry, food, feed industry products, etc. , Tea seed shells can also be made into furfural, activated carbon, etc., and the ash of tea tree can kill lice, including lice eggs. The tea tree is thin, dense and heavy, heavy in the hand and very hard. It is the best material for making tops and slingshots. And because it has the natural texture of the tea tree, it is also a high-grade material for making high-end wooden buttons.

2. Edible value

The unsaturated fatty acid content of camellia oil is as high as 90%, which is much higher than rapeseed oil, peanut oil and soybean oil, and the vitamin E content is twice as high as that of olive oil. It also contains specific physiologically active substances such as camellia glycosides, which have extremely high nutritional value. Tea shell is also a good edible fungus culture medium. Research shows that tea saponin also has antibacterial and antioxidant effects.

3. Environmental value

In addition, camellia oleifera is also an excellent source of honey powder in winter. Its flowering period coincides with the low-flowering season. From early October to December, honey powder is extremely abundant. Camellia oleifera also has high application value in biomass energy. At the same time, Camellia oleifera is a tree species with extremely strong resistance to pollution, strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, and strong resistance to fluorine and chlorine absorption. Therefore, scientific management of camellia oleifera forests has the ecological benefits of preserving soil and water, conserving water sources, and regulating climate.

Reference: Camellia oil - Baidu Encyclopedia