The function of anti-collision beam is mainly used to reduce the maintenance cost and reduce the damage to components to some extent.
Anti-collision steel beam is actually a kind of body reinforcement, which is divided into three types: front anti-collision steel beam, rear anti-collision steel beam and door anti-collision steel beam. They have different functions, which are described below.
Front anti-collision steel beam
If you look at the car body structure diagram, you will find that the front of the car is a "mouth" structure composed of two longitudinal beams, a front fender and a front anti-collision steel beam. Here, the front anti-collision steel beam plays a vital role. Without it, the front is an open structure. If there is a frontal collision, it will directly hurt the body rail. If the collision happens between two longitudinal beams, it will directly hurt some important parts in the engine compartment. If there is a side collision, the longitudinal beam will be deformed because there is no connection between the two longitudinal beams. Therefore, the front anti-collision steel beam is an important part of the car body structure.
The bumper we usually say is composed of three parts: outer plate, cushioning material and anti-collision steel beam. The outer plate and buffer material are plastic, and the anti-collision steel beam is a U-shaped groove stamped by cold-rolled steel plate. The outer plate and cushioning material are attached to the anti-collision steel beam, which is connected with the longitudinal beam of the frame. Bumper is an important safety device to absorb and reduce external impact and protect the front and rear parts of the car body, and it is the first safety barrier of the car.
Many people say that the bumper is full of bubbles and is a "dirty factory", but it is actually wrong. This layer of foam is a cushioning material, which can protect pedestrians in case of collision. It is an important content in the automobile pedestrian safety protection system. Imagine: if a car hits a pedestrian, would you rather the bumper damage the pedestrian's safety or the bumper be fine and the pedestrian be injured?
When a car collides head-on, the force transfer is as follows:
That is to say, the anti-collision steel beam first bears the impact force, then the energy-absorbing box collapses to absorb part of the collision energy, and the rest of the collision energy is transferred to the rear connection part for the longitudinal beam and the passenger compartment to bear. In this way, the requirements for the front anti-collision steel beam are put forward: it should not be too soft to crash directly and cannot absorb energy; Not too hard, not deformed to absorb energy, and all collision energy is transferred to the longitudinal beam. Therefore, the strength of the anti-collision steel beam is accurately calculated, and whether it is safe or not can not be judged only by its material, thickness and structural form.
Rear anti-collision steel beam
People often say that cars don't have anti-collision steel beams, but in fact they don't have rear anti-collision steel beams. So what is the function of the rear anti-collision steel beam?
Let's look at the rear structure of the car body. As you can see, there is no gap between the two longitudinal beams at the rear. Generally, it is the trunk of a car, which can strengthen the strength of the car body to a certain extent. Some cars directly install a cross beam between the two longitudinal beams at the rear to strengthen the rigidity of the longitudinal beams. Therefore, under this structure, the reinforcement effect of the rear anti-collision steel beam on the car body structure can be ignored.
So what is the main function of the rear anti-collision steel beam?
The main function of rear anti-collision steel beam is to reduce the damage of vehicles in low-speed collision. Generally made of steel, aluminum, rubber or plastic, and some foam cushioning materials are used. The main working principle is to absorb energy through extrusion deformation during low-speed collision.
If there is no rear anti-collision steel beam, when the rear of the vehicle is hit, the energy-absorbing material will inevitably transfer energy to the whole plane of the rear fender of the vehicle, which will eventually lead to the deformation of the rear fender of the vehicle. The support points of the rear reinforcement are on the left and right longitudinal beams. If the front car has a rear reinforcement, the energy-absorbing box can absorb most of the energy when it is hit, and the damage to the car body will be reduced, so the maintenance cost will be greatly reduced.
In fact, the insurance company is the most closely related to the reinforcements. Although the reinforcement has little influence on the safety of passengers, it can greatly reduce the maintenance cost in collision. Expressway Safety Insurance Association (IIHS) of the United States has also made requirements for car body damage. If the damage degree is low, the insurance cost is also low. Because IIHS has great influence in the political and economic fields of the United States, the policy advantages of the American government will also be affected by them.