It is regarded as a spiritual realm, and some people regard it as the principle of peaceful coexistence. But "minimalism" is obviously just an adjective. What magic power does it have to successfully walk out of the art field and enter the daily life of ordinary people? Minimalism is a kaleidoscope. Let's take a look first. How many kinds of minimalism are there in the field of design alone? Pure black and white ash, industrial cement blank and foreign flavor are the simple styles of Nordic forests, Japanese literature and art, and even the traditional simple styles of China. Although everyone carries the word "Jane", the cultural soil they are rooted in can be said to be very different. Since it is difficult to sum up "minimalism" in a few words, let's go back to the past life and the wave of minimalism. △ Adolph Luce Mill House, facade along the street△ Adolph Luce Mill House, facade along the street uses one sentence to understand the essence of "minimalism", which is what German architect Ludwig ludwig mies van der rohe said: "Less is more". As the third principal of Bauhaus, he put forward this view, which is essentially an extension of Bauhaus's design concept. Embodied in the creation, it is to express the richest ideas and concepts in the simplest form, to simplify the methods, means and materials to the maximum extent, to form a pure and impurity-free artistic effect, thus producing a strong visual impact. This kind of thinking of using the most basic to achieve the most essential is rather clumsy and stupid. △ Farnsworth House of Ludwig ludwig mies van der rohe 1945△ Barcelona German Pavilion of Ludwig ludwig mies van der rohe 1929 As the first professional design school in the world, Bauhaus College was established in 19 19, which established the basic concepts and ideals of modern design. △ The core of Bauhaus School of Design is "form obeys function", which is also the vitality of minimalist design. After all, "simplicity" is just a means to serve function. This people-oriented design method was implemented and absorbed by the later rising Nordic design and Japanese design. △ The Composition of Red and Blue by Abstract Artist mondriaan In 1950s, the economies of the five Nordic countries developed rapidly after World War II, and high welfare policies and high-level public education provided the cornerstone for design development. Nordic designers stepped onto the world stage. They continue Bauhaus's modern design concept and design affordable daily necessities for ordinary people. Therefore, the overall style is particularly practical and concise, and the emerging ergonomics is introduced into the design. The first ergonomic office Fysio chair was born by Kukapolo, a Nordic designer. △ KUKAPOLO Fysio chairs Throughout Nordic minimalism, most of them abandon complex shapes, adopt highly generalized lines and simple and direct patterns, focus on functions and be close to nature. But the color is not cold, but much warmer than Japanese design. △ Beosound 9000 CD player (1996) Taking IKEA as an example, they put forward five elements of "design": beauty, practicality, high quality, sustainability and low price, which are actually the consistent characteristics of Nordic design. △ Beosound 1/2 Wireless Speaker (20 16) After Northern Europe, Japanese design sprang up. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Heisei Depression led to a serious bubble economy, and the crisis made the Japanese start thinking about how to contribute to the revitalization of their own economy. Muji was born under this background. As an experiment of Tanaka Yiguang and Westward Journey Department Store, it opened a brand-new mode of combining product production, design and mature commercial operation rooted in national culture, providing soil and road for Japanese design to get out of the predicament. At the end of the 20th century, Japanese design gradually became famous and became the representative of Asian design, with naoto fukasawa, Kenya Hara, Tadao Ando and Muji as the representatives, pushing Japanese minimalism to the world stage. △ Kettle, Liu, 1994△ The butterfly stool that won Liu a world reputation was in the hands of Japanese designers, and the minimalist design was given a new interpretation. The spiritual forces such as philosophy and Zen culture are integrated into the design, thus injecting deeper thinking into minimalism. From a visual wave to a lifestyle that seems to guide modern people to deal with material explosion and information explosion, designers also begin to hope to bring comfort to users with the power of design. △ The parallel world of Japanese minimalist design studio nendo's work "Minimalism" Although one work is cold enough now, there is nothing wrong with shouting "Minimalism". But if strictly defined, the English word "minimalism" actually has other meanings. The term "minimalism" was coined by the British philosopher Richard Uheim. It was originally derogatory, satirizing the creative tendency of deliberately reducing the content of the picture for visual effects at that time. Abstract expressionism, represented by Pollock, was popular in the United States in the fifties and sixties. It was free and messy, but full of tension. When Pollock, the representative figure of abstract expressionism, was painting, a group of artists went to another new extreme: they made a painting with a single, geometric and even mechanical element, which simplified everything to the extreme: a cube, a white canvas, and even people could not tell whether it was a material or a work of art, which was the "minimalism" at that time. △ Black Square on White 19 13 Malevik △ yves klein, IKB 19 1, 1962△ Robert Mangold's works have considerable influence in the fields of music, sculpture, architecture and clothing. The reason why minimalism has such a strong influence lies in the ultimate pursuit of purity in its concept. Solving problems with minimalism is a universal creative criterion.