After the Qing army entered the customs on 1644 (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty), it issued the first "hair shaving order", which was publicly abolished because of the dissatisfaction and resistance of the Han people. 1645 After the Qing soldiers marched into the south of the Yangtze River, Sun Zhixie, the minister of the Han Dynasty, was pushed out by other ministers of the Han Dynasty and became angry from embarrassment. He proposed to Regent Dourgen to issue a new "haircut order", and Dourgen also had this idea; Therefore, Dourgen conveniently issued a "haircut order", stipulating that wherever the Qing army went, regardless of the government and the people, it was limited to shaving, cutting hair and hanging braids within ten days, and those who did not comply were beheaded. Its implementation slogan is: "Leave hair without head, leave head without hair". The reason why Manchu rulers in Qing Dynasty practiced "changing clothes by shaving hair" is generally believed that Manchu rulers regarded shaving hair as an important physical sign of whether Han people accepted the rule of Qing Dynasty, so as to strengthen their rule. The rulers of Manchu hoped to strike and destroy the national spirit of the Han nationality, especially the upper class, by shaving their hair and changing their clothes. Establish the dominant position of Manchu to ensure that Manchu will not be assimilated by Han nationality. Later history shows that this measure of Manchu rulers basically achieved the expected effect. Han people gradually forget their national costumes and get used to Manchu hairstyles and costumes. [Edit this paragraph] Hairstyle In the early Qing Dynasty, the ruler issued a haircut order: only one yuan was left on the top of the head, and anyone who exceeded one yuan would be executed. It is the custom of Manchu people in the early Qing Dynasty: there is only one hair the size of money on the top of the head, and it is only qualified if it can pass through the square hole of copper coins. Manchu people call it suncus murinus Tail. Later, 200 years later, it gradually evolved into a semi-shaved head in the late Qing Dynasty. When the Qing soldiers captured Guangzhou, the Qing government issued an order to shave and change clothes, saying, "money is the elegant policy of the new dynasty;" The Emei tube wave belt is the evil treatment of national subjugation. "Men's hair styles in the Qing Dynasty have undergone several evolutions: Jiaqing used to be suncus murinus's tail, and in the early years of Jiaqing, it entered the middle period, and it became popular, and it became semi-bald in the late Qing Dynasty. In fact, Manchu women also shave their hair and can't store it until they get married. It only existed in the late Qing dynasty, and now it monopolized all the Yin and Yang hairstyles of Qing costumes, which was a capital crime in the early Qing dynasty, because it was stipulated in the early Qing dynasty: "Those who shave their heads less than the style will also be beheaded." "In the fourth year of Shunzhi, Hu Shu officials and people were caught by local officials, taking" This criminal has no intention of raping others, and is willing to go against the trend of the same wind, and there is no loan "as the first chapter, and accepting Zhu's criticism, the county officials also neglected the serious discussion that" parents and neighbors should be guilty. " 1. In the late Jin Dynasty, shaving was the standard for Han people to surrender. Most of men's hair is shaved, leaving only a lock of thin little finger on the back of the head, hanging like a rope, which is called suncus murinus tail style. With this hairstyle, there are only about ten beards left on the upper lip. 2. In the early Qing Dynasty, shaving was the policy of governing the country. From the resistance of the vast number of Han people in Liaodong to the countless anti-tonsure struggles after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, thousands of Han people have paid great sacrifices for this. At this time, the hair storage part has gradually moved from the back of the head to the top of the head, but it can still be called the money mouse tail type. 3. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, after the massacre in the early Qing Dynasty, the hairstyle changed from the early years of Jiaqing. Although the hair storage part on the top of the head has not changed, the area is far more than one dollar, but four or five dollars, which is equivalent to the area of a palm, and the number of hair storage has increased significantly. The beard has also changed from a few left and right upper lips to all, including the chin. 4. By the end of Qing Dynasty, that is, after Jiaqing, men's hair style gradually evolved into shaving off the edge of the top hair by only one inch, while leaving long hair in the middle and braiding it into three locks, called braids or braids. 5. In the late Qing Dynasty, in the revolutionary struggle initiated by enlightened intellectual youth and students, editing and distributing was regarded as an important content. From the end of Qing Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty, braiding became a national revolutionary movement from bottom to top. [Edit this paragraph] The Han people fought one after another to protect cultural relics and clothes handed down from generation to generation. The Manchu invaders violently suppressed this. The three butchers in Jiading occurred in 1645, that is, the social contradiction caused by shaving and changing clothes was one of the main social contradictions in the early Qing Dynasty. In view of the resistance of the Han people all over the country at that time, Chen Mingxia once said, "Leave your hair and clothes, and the world will be at peace. "But, before long, he was hacked to death for saying this sentence. In October of the second year of Shunzhi, Kong Wenshou (a descendant of Confucius), who was originally from Hexi Road, Shaanxi Province, wrote: "Recently, the descendants of the four families also told the temple to order a haircut according to law to show their sincerity in submission. How dare you make any further remarks? "However, the sage is the ancestor of the ceremony, and Yan, Zeng and Meng Sanxian have wings. The great ceremony is not coronation. ..... But my ancestors only considered the crown of Zhang Fu and the clothes they sewed and tucked in the ancient system, so it was a difficult journey from generation to generation, and future generations will keep it. From the Han, Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty, people who have not been ordered to change for 3,000 years truly believe that they are following the legacy of three generations and cannot bear to be annihilated. That is, shaving your head. At that time, the descendants of the four families had not been discussed. Since four families shaved their hair, Zhang Fu's sewing has remained unchanged for 3,000 years, and now it has changed to my family, so that although the world knows that my family can be loyal, it regrets that my family has not been filial, fearing that the emperor's code of respecting Confucianism and valuing Taoism has not been prepared. Whether to store hair and copy clothes is the only way to cut it. " Dourgen responded as follows: "Shaving your hair strictly is unforgivable. Confucius heard that he had broken an unforgivable rule and asked for hair storage. In order to avoid death, he missed the sage. When Confucius was a saint, it seemed that it was anti-institutional and had the way to destroy the foreign nationality. Never use dismissal. " [1] In the tenth year of Shunzhi, the punishments arrested two people who didn't shave their heads because they played the role of Dan Jiao. So the Qing court issued a decree: "Those who don't obey the order of shaving their heads have already given it, and there is no example of players agreeing to keep their hair." Today, two criminals dare to break the law, which makes life full of hatred. The Ministry of Punishment will quickly issue and engrave notices and circulate them inside and outside. If you borrow the names and colors of the actors mentioned in the last paragraph, you will shave your hair in ten days. If you dare to break the law, many people will take it, send it to the judicial department of the Ministry of Justice for beheading, and send it to the local officials to appeal for justice. If you don't see the leader, don't worry that the officials and the people will be severely punished. " This can be seen. [Edit this paragraph] After the country was pacified, the Manchu rulers in the Qing Dynasty won, and Han men generally accepted shaving and braiding and changed to wear Manchu costumes. Some people who don't want to change clothes flee overseas, or escape to an empty door to practice. After the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty [1], the decree was abolished, and many people (including Manchu people who changed their hair styles for fear of being retaliated by Han people) cut off their braids, but there were still royalists such as Zhang Xun who insisted on keeping braids and led the braid army to show their loyalty to the Qing Dynasty. At that time, in Taiwan Province Province under Japanese colonial rule, shaving hair, foot binding and smoking opium were listed as one of the three bad habits in Taiwan Province Province. However, unlike the latter two, the Japanese did not impose mandatory norms on people's hairstyles in Taiwan Province province, while people in Taiwan Province province cut off their braids spontaneously after being influenced by Japanese rule. After more than 200 years' influence, the improved Manchu costume has replaced Hanfu as the representative national costume or traditional costume of China recognized by most people in China. Such as cheongsam, robes and jackets. After the APEC meeting was held in Shanghai in 200 1 year, the traditional clothes worn by leaders' representatives were actually mandarin jackets, although they were called Tang suits. At present, some people in China advocate the movement of "restoring Hanfu", hoping to advocate and encourage Han people to wear traditional Hanfu again. However, under the influence of westernization of modern China clothing, it did not become a trend. Shaving one's hair and changing clothes means that the Manchu rulers in China issued a decree in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, forcing Han people all over the country to shave their hair and wear Manchu clothes by violent means.