Fu Hao, wife of Shang Ding. Wu Ding, who lived during the reorganization of Shang Dynasty in the first half of12nd century BC, was the earliest female politician and strategist in China, and the first female hero with written records in China history. Inferring from her tomb, her name should be "Hao" and "Fu" is a kind of kinship terms, just as we call someone "Big Sister" today, and her other name is "Xin".

Shang Gaozong had three queens before and after Wuding, and a good wife was his original match. It is worth noting that Fu Hao did not live with Wu Ding, but often stayed in his fief. This phenomenon never happened again in the later history of China. But at that time, it seemed to be a common phenomenon.

Wu Ding was a famous leader in the history of Shang Dynasty. During his 59-year reign, he frequently went out to war and conquered the surrounding tribes in the northwest and southeast successively, greatly expanding the territory of the dynasty. History calls his rule "Wuding Zhongxing". In this process, Fu Hao is certainly a pivotal figure. In the literature at that time, her military activities were recorded in considerable detail. Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded that one summer, there was a war on the northern border, and the two sides were deadlocked. Fu Hao volunteered and asked for troops. Wu Ding hesitated, decided to send Fu Hao to arise after divination, and the result was a great victory. Since then, Wu Ding has made her commander in chief. Since then, she has conquered more than 20 neighboring countries (small independent countries). At that time, there were not many people, usually thousands, which was similar to a large-scale battle. However, according to records, when Fu Hao attacked Qiang, there were more than 13 thousand troops at a time. In other words, almost half of the country's troops were handed over to her.

Fu Hao not only led the army to explore the territory of Wuding, but also was often ordered to preside over various sacrificial activities such as offering sacrifices to heaven, ancestors and springs, and served as a diviner. Shang dynasty was a country superstitious in ghosts and gods, and the so-called "the great event of the country lies in respecting peace and honor". Wu Ding likes her very much, because she knows how to fight and has mastered the power of sacrifice and divination. Later, when Fu Hao died, Wu Ding was heartbroken and called her "Xin". Later generations of Shang Dynasty honored her as "mother Xin" and "stepmother Xin".

02. Xun Guan, a native of Linying, Yingchuan, Western Jin Dynasty, was a heroic woman in ancient China. /kloc-When she was 0/3 years old, she did an earth-shattering event. Xun Guan's father, Xun, is a magistrate in Xiangyang. He is impartial, honest and honest, and is deeply loved by Xiangyang people. When he was in office, he did something that people liked, but at the same time he offended some people. Du Zeng, a subordinate, was dissatisfied with Xun, and after some conspiracy, he launched a rebellion for revenge. The two sides have been facing each other for a long time, the food and grass in the city are decreasing day by day, and the casualties of soldiers and civilians guarding the city are increasing day by day. In a critical situation, 13-year-old daughter Xun Guan volunteered to lead more than a dozen dead people to break through and invited reinforcements to lift the siege of Wancheng.

03. Lu Mu, Zi Luyu, a native of Langya Haiqu, is a rich man with rich property. She was one of the earliest peasant uprising leaders who rebelled against Wang Mang's rule at the end of the Western Han Dynasty and the first female peasant uprising leader in China history. In A.D. 14, Lu was killed by a county butcher for failing to punish those who could not afford to pay taxes. Lu's mother was filled with grief and indignation and vowed to avenge her son. She took out all her possessions, and after careful planning, she quickly pulled up a team of hundreds of people, trained her military forces, and waited for the opportunity. In l7 AD, Lu Mu boarded the Tutai at the west foot of Kuishan Mountain to worship heaven, calling himself a "general" and leading the rebels to kill Haiqu City. After a fierce battle, the county magistrate was captured alive and executed. Since then, mother Lu has gained great fame, and poor farmers from far and near have defected to her. Soon, the insurgents grew to tens of thousands. Lumu uprising lit the torch against Wang Mang's rule, and soon formed a prairie fire sweeping the country. In A.D. 18, Lu's mother died, and most of her soldiers joined the Red Eyebrow Army, while the rest of the soldiers joined the peasant rebels such as Tongma respectively.

04. Mulan, after the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang, and after Emperor Xiaowen's reform, social and economic development and people's lives were relatively stable. But at that time, the nomadic people in the north kept harassing the south, and the Northern Wei regime stipulated that each family should send a man to the front. Mulan's father was too old to go to war and her younger brother was too young, so Mulan decided to join the army instead of her father and began her long-term military life. It is difficult for many men to go to the border to fight, not to mention that Mulan has to hide her identity and kill the enemy with her friends. But Mulan finally fulfilled her mission and returned home in triumph after more than ten years. Because of her great contribution, the emperor thought that she was capable of serving in the imperial court and holding an official position. But Mulan refused. She asked the emperor to let her go home to make amends and honor her parents. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, he was named "General Filial Piety" and set up a shrine to commemorate it.

Princess Pingyang, female, is the third daughter of Li Yuan and the beloved daughter of his ex-wife Dou. She is a real heroine, and her talent and courage are no less than her brothers. But neither Old Tang Shu nor New Tang Shu, which recorded her deeds, recorded her name and date of birth. Shortly after the reunification of the Sui Dynasty, China was once again in a state of great division. This split is very short. It took only seven years for Emperor Wendi's nephew Li Yuan to defeat the heroes and unify the world again. Tang Gaozu became emperor, which is inseparable from his personal conditions, but more importantly, he did give birth to a group of excellent children. The greatest achievements of this group of children are Prince Li, the second son and the third daughter Princess Pingyang. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, people were in dire straits and the world was in chaos. In May of the 13th year of Sui Daye, Li Yuan decided to arise. At that time, Ethan had little chance of winning. His troops are also insufficient, but there are tens of thousands of people who have to face the Turkish attack every day. Most importantly, all his family members are in Chang 'an, and only one second son, Li Shimin, follows him. When he led the army out of his defense, he announced that he would go to Jiangdu to meet Yang Di who was trapped there, but his marching direction was aimed at the capital Chang 'an. Of course, this kind of "cover one's ears and steal the bell" can't hide from the Sui officials in Chang 'an. Chang 'an immediately ordered the arrest of Li Yuan's family. The arrested list includes Li Yuan's third daughter Princess Pingyang and her husband Chai Shao.

The situation is critical. Princess Pingyang and her husband quickly discussed and decided to split up. Chai Shao went straight to Taiyuan, and Princess Pingyang made various arrangements in the rear. She soon went to Li's manor in Yan county, disguised as a man, calling herself Li Gongzi, selling local industries to help the victims, and soon recruited a team of hundreds of people. Soon, news came from Tang Gaozu's army. Princess Pingyang heard the news and was determined to recruit more soldiers for her father.

She contacted the anti-Sui rebels everywhere. This young woman, with superhuman courage and talent, recruited four or five large-scale insurgents in the Jianghu in more than three months. The biggest one was Shang Hu He Panren, who had tens of thousands of people at that time. Princess Pingyang sent his son Ma to persuade Pan Ren to surrender. I don't know what means Ma Sanbao used. He Panren, who is far more powerful than Princess Pingyang, is willing to be the hand of Princess Pingyang. Princess Pingyang incorporated He Panren, and then successively incorporated, Xiang, Qiu Shili and other rebel forces, which greatly increased their power. During this period, the imperial court sent troops to attack Princess Pingyang. The rebel army led by Princess Pingyang not only repelled every attack, but also divided Huxian, Zhouzhi, martial arts and times equally.

Princess Pingyang collected these rebels, all of whom were murderous robbers. If you don't have some real skills, even men can't stop you, not to mention their soldiers come from a system that is not unified. Being able to turn the collected rabble into an invincible force in a short time and achieve such a great record shows that Princess Pingyang's organizational ability and command ability are really outstanding.

This rebel army led by women has very strict military discipline. Princess Pingyang gave orders and the whole army was in awe. In those years when the mutinous soldiers rose, the army received wide support. People call Princess Pingyang "Li Niangzi" and her army "female soldier". Female soldiers are well-known, and many people defected thousands of miles away. Soon, the number of female soldiers of Princess Pingyang exceeded 70,000. Princess Pingyang is a genius because she has military intuition and insight. Qu Tutong, the general of Sui Dynasty, suffered several great defeats under her.

In September 6 17, Li Yuan crossed the Yellow River and entered the customs. At this time, he was very happy to see that his third daughter had laid a large territory for him in Guanzhong. He sent Chai Shao to see Princess Pingyang. Next, Princess Pingyang selected more than 10,000 soldiers to join hands with Li Shimin on the north bank of Weihe River to attack Chang 'an. Chai Shao belongs to Li Shimin's subordinates, equivalent to Princess Pingyang. Husband and wife each receive an army and each has a shogunate. 165438+ 10, they fought a battle and soon conquered Chang 'an.

After the Chang 'an War, Princess Pingyang's deeds can no longer be seen in the history books. It was not until the beginning of February 623 that the history books suddenly recorded her death. The reason for this record is mainly because her funeral is different. Princess Pingyang was buried in a military ceremony. Zhao.

Princess Pingyang was the only woman in feudal history of China who was held a funeral by the army.

06. Tang Saier, a native of Putai County, Binchuan, Shandong Province, was a famous female leader of Anbaili School who rose up against the imperial court in the early Ming Dynasty. Tang Saier came from a poor family and studied martial arts with his father since childhood. /kloc-Before the age of 0/5, he was outstanding in martial arts. 1420, Tang Saier organized thousands of peasant troops to revolt in Xieshipengzhai, Qingzhou. After the uprising, Dewey, who besieged Qingzhou, and the loyalist who commanded the high wind were wiped out, and people all over the east of Qingzhou responded in succession. Dozens of insurgents, large and small, joined hands with the shipshed rebels, and about 10,000 people divided their forces to attack Mizhou, Rizhao, Zhucheng, Shouguang, Anqiu and Langmo counties, "destroying officials and burning warehouses", killing the rich and helping the poor, and officials fled for their lives. Tang Saier seized the weakness of Liu Sheng's arrogance and underestimation, and sent people to the enemy camp for false surrender. Liu Sheng believed it, and the insurgents took the opportunity to storm the enemy stronghold with weak defense at night, disintegrating the enemy, and Liu Zhongzhong was killed by an arrow. After dawn, Liu Sheng learned the news and led a large army to attack. When he arrived at the stronghold, the rebels had already taken action. Tang Saier escaped safely, which made Ming Chengzu very angry. On the one hand, he severely punished local officials and ordered Tang Saier to be arrested everywhere. Later, it was suspected that Tang Saier had cut his hair and arrested "tens of thousands of monks in the world", but "Searle died without getting it, and I didn't know what to do". Today, there is a "Tang Saier Memorial Temple" in her hometown Puhu Island, and a military statue of her at the northern end of Binzhou Yellow River Bridge nearby.

07. Qin Liangyu was an outstanding female military commander, national hero and strategist in the late Ming Dynasty. Since childhood, I have practiced martial arts with my brothers and read The Art of War by Sun Tzu. Before he was 20, he was good at riding and shooting. He is famous for his courage and wisdom. He is good at writing words. At that time, Ma Qiancheng, the ambassador of Shizhu Fu Xuan in Sichuan, admired her very much. When Qin Liangyu was 20, they got married. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Moringa was often protected by foreign police, and the husband and wife trained their children to be soldiers in their hometown to protect their country and defend their country. He once led the "white-armed soldiers" to participate in the battles of Pingbo, aiding Liao, leveling luxury, thrift, anti-Qing, rebellion (Zhang) and so on. Those who have made great contributions include Dr. Guo Guanglu, Prince Taibao, Prince Taifu, Shao Bao, Sichuan Ambassador, Commander Zuo of the Governor-General, General Zhendong, Sichuan Company Commander, Zhong Hou and Mrs. Yipin. After his death, the court of Nanming pursued "loyalty and righteousness". Qin Liangyu has been in the army for more than 40 years, and has traveled all over the Great Wall, north and south of the Yangtze River, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Sichuan Basin. Qin Liangyu is the only official record in the history of China? A heroine who will be handed down from generation to generation (not a female biography). The only female general who won the title with meritorious military service. One of the few women who are both civil and military. Guo Moruo once wrote an article praising Qin Liangyu: "A woman like her who is not afraid of death and does not love money is rare in history." .

08. Liang Hongyu, a patriotic female general in the early Song Dynasty. Han Shizhong and Liang Hongyu, one is a frustrated junior officer in the camp, and the other is a prostitute who has gone through hardships. Under the policy of valuing literature over martial arts in Song Dynasty, the social status of Han Shizhong, as a "military Han", was not much higher than that of Liang Hongyu, as a prostitute, so it was logical for the military Han to match prostitutes. From then on, Liang Hongyu fought nomads from Han Shizhong. After three years of advice, he made great contributions to pacify the Miao Fu Rebellion, and ran hundreds of miles overnight to call Han Shizhong into the Weiping Rebellion. Therefore, she was named Mrs. An Guo, Mrs. An Guo. Later, he went out with her husband many times. Suggest a four-year battle to block the river, fight side by side with Han Shizhong, and stop the invading Jin Army on the south bank of the Yangtze River for 48 days. Since then, it has become famous all over the world. After leading the army alone, he fought around with Han Shizhong and defeated 8 Jin J many times. Shaoxing went out of Chuzhou town with her husband for five years, "cutting through the thorns to build a military house, working with the foot soldiers, weaving thin clothes and building houses." With the 8 Jin Army, the Huai Army in the pseudo-Qi town fought with Shanyang and other places. On August 26th of the lunar calendar, he was besieged by Jin Jun and died of exhaustion. At the age of 33. Jin Zhongyong served the country, and the court heard the news and expressed deep condolences.

09. Lin Siniang was originally a famous prostitute in Qinhuai, and later became the favorite concubine of Hengwang Zhu Changshu. Although she only participated in the war once in her life, Lin Siniang, who was in her infancy, was also called "the general in her infancy". Chan chan means beauty. The beautiful young general died in that difficult war, but her lingering fragrance left a magical story on earth. It was at the end of the Ming Dynasty. During the Zhenguan period, there was a new charming mother on the Qinhuai River where beautiful women were everywhere. Although she is in a brothel, she insists on singing and doesn't sell herself, but she also has a unique trick to attract guests: when singing is in full swing, she puts on exquisite low chairs, or dances with swords or guns, and performs wonderful kung fu performances, which is unique in Qinhuai music scene and makes the guests who are looking for flowers and willows open their eyes. Lin Siniang, a geisha who devoted herself to martial arts, quickly became a celebrity by Qinhuai River with her unique martial arts, smooth skin, beautiful eyebrows, bright eyes, and especially her plump figure. Why does Lin Siniang, a prostitute, learn a peerless martial art? It turned out that she was born in a military attache's family, and her father Lin Shuben was an official in jiangning house. She inherited the family skills and is proficient in everything. Lin Siniang studied martial arts with her father since childhood, and what she learned was as good as her father's skill. Unexpectedly, when she was sixteen years old, her father was jailed for stealing her silver coins, and her family tried their best to save them, but it was fruitless. When her mother died in anger, Lin Siniang was helpless and eventually became a brothel singer. Soon after, Zhu Changshu, king of Qingzhou, Feng Fan, toured Jinling and visited Qinhuai River. This Zhu Changshu was a constant king in the Six Dynasties. His ancestor was the younger brother of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, and he was named the King of Heng. The throne is hereditary, and it was passed on to the sixth generation in Changshu, Wang Zhu. At this time, Emperor Mingsizong should be the nephew of Changshu, Wang Zhu, so that he can be more arrogant. In addition to lewdness, Zhu Changshu, the constant king, also likes to talk about martial arts. When I arrived at Qinhuai River, I heard that Lin Siniang, a geisha, was in a good mood and called Lin Siniang to entertain me. Lin Siniang came to the king's table with a short lean on pure white Phnom Penh. He thinks that women who practice martial arts must be five big and three thick. When she saw Lin Siniang, she was shocked at once. In front of her, this woman is tall, with beautiful eyes, and her white face is evenly dyed with Xia Hong. What a beautiful girl! If that dress didn't show a little heroism, who would have thought that she was a sword dancer and a gun dancer! After Lin Siniang paid her respects, she began to perform. She drew a sword from her waist, her wrist shook slightly, and a shining sword flower appeared in front of her eyes. Then, the flexible sword danced up and down, and her graceful figure churned like a dragon out of the water. If she dances, she dances faster and faster. Finally, she saw a silver sword shadow, and Lin Siniang disappeared from the flowers. King Heng cheered loudly at the table, and finally stood up involuntarily and applauded Lin Sinian. After the performance, Lin Siniang was called to Heng Wang to pour wine and sat down quietly. She is quiet and gentle, and her voice sounds like a warbler, which makes Hengwang more intoxicated. At the first meeting, Heng Wang fell in love with Lin Siniang. When he left Jinling, he returned to Wang Fu, Qingzhou with the redeemed Lin Siniang. Lin Siniang became a princess. Hengwang found the charm of women's martial arts from Lin Siniang, so he organized all the concubines and maids in the palace, led by Lin Siniang, to practice the skills of sword and gun and the offensive and defensive tactics and become a female soldier. Lin Siniang is very keen on this, often wearing silver armor and double swords around her waist, teaching and urging her female soldiers like a general; Influenced by Lin Siniang, all the girls became very interested in martial arts, studied hard and practiced hard, and soon made great progress. Heng Wang seems to be the staff officer of this women's team. He often comes to check their training and makes some suggestions from time to time. Seeing these fragile women in the past, Wang Heng is very happy now. Three years later, in the eighth year of Chongzhen, there was no rain in Shanxi and Shaanxi for a long time, famine continued, the people were in dire straits, and there was chaos everywhere. Wang Jiayun, a rogue in Shanxi, made great efforts to develop outward, and a group of his men attacked Qingzhou, Shandong under the leadership of Wang Zi. Zhu Changshu, the king of Qingzhou, has always thought that his martial arts are the best, and he doesn't care about Wang Ziyou and his gang at all. When the King of Yue's own army surrounded Qingzhou City and prepared to attack the city, in a rage, the King of Yue himself jumped forward with a gun and led the Qingzhou defenders to take the initiative to attack. But after all, the defenders were outnumbered, and the defenders were soon at a disadvantage because of their underestimation of Hengwang. They were trapped on a hill by the thief army and could not advance or retreat. The situation is very critical. When the officials in the city saw that the Prince had got off to a bad start, and the thief army was gaining momentum, they couldn't help but be frightened and lose confidence. They are prepared to surrender to the enemy in Kaesong and seek perfection through injustice. When Lin Siniang heard the news, her eyebrows stood on end, her eyes widened, and she cursed the officials unscrupulously. Then she summoned female soldiers in the palace and advocated: "Send troops to save the country!" As the saying goes, "keep your troops for a thousand days, and use them for a while." Although the female soldiers who have practiced for three years are afraid of actual combat, they think that once they break the city, they will not have a good end. It's better to fight to the death, at best, it's broken! So everyone girded their fists, rode their horses, and obeyed Lin Siniang's command. Hurriedly grouped, ready to go, Lin Siniang set off with the female soldiers, all of whom had solemn expressions on their faces. As soon as the city gate opened, the thief army outside the city suddenly saw a well-equipped team rushing out majestically. When they arrived at the nearby place, they saw the soldiers with beautiful faces, eyebrows and lips, and their eyes were full of anger. Very interesting. "It's a group of women!" The thieves and soldiers couldn't help laughing, but also let their guard down. Taking this opportunity, Lin Siniang shouted and commanded the female soldiers to rush into the enemy line, with a knife and gun under her arm, killing thieves and soldiers, but she didn't return for a long time. I didn't expect these little girls covered in powder to be so capable. They must be well trained. The thief will have to be careful, wave the yellow flag and send troops to crush the female soldiers. After all, there are many thieves and soldiers, and they have been through the battlefield. Let's be serious. Where are the female soldiers' opponents? After fierce confrontation, the female soldiers have fallen. In the end, there is only Alin Siniang left. Lin Siniang was deeply rooted, with a long sword in her hand, and beheaded a dozen thieves. Seeing her men fall one by one, Lin Siniang's eyes were full of fire, and she became more and more brave. Thieves and soldiers were afraid to approach, and dozens of people surrounded her horse. When the thief saw that the king had only one handsome female general left for his own use, he loudly advised him to surrender and shouted, "Don't worry, I will spare your life!" " Lin Siniang refused to accept this, but pulled Ma Chong to the enemy group, swept away and struck, killing a large number of enemy soldiers, and finally died by the enemy's sword because of exhaustion. Soon, Lv Yisheng arrived with a large number of reinforcements, repelled the thief army, rescued the besieged King Heng, and put down the war. When Heng Wang returned to the city, he was moved to tears when he heard the heroic deeds of Lin Siniang and the female soldiers. Send someone out of town to find Lin Siniang's body. Hengwang caressed the body and wept bitterly, and then buried it ceremoniously in the back garden of Wang Fu. The female soldiers who died in the battle also had a grand burial.

10. Feng Wanzhen (born in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty) was born in Xie Zhuang, Beijing, and his ancestral home was in Shandong. 1860 (Xianfeng decade) After the British and French invaders occupied Beijing, they plundered everywhere. Nineteen-year-old, together with his father Feng, led the militia to defeat the British and French allied forces and protected the lives and property of the people of Xie Zhuang. Therefore, it is widely circulated among the people.

1 1. Shen Yunying was a female general in the Ming Dynasty. Born in a family of Wuzhi, she was versatile and fought side by side with her father in her youth. After her father's death, she was brave and resourceful, guarding her father's camp and organizing her father's aides to relieve the danger of Daozhou. The guerrilla general was rewarded for his work. When the Qing army entered the customs, she died of poverty and depression, and the villagers wailed all around. I used to run a school and give lectures in my hometown. There is a "General Yunying Lecture Hall" in the hometown long lane, and the stone tablet of "General Lecture Hall" is kept in the Shen Shi Ancestral Hall in the long lane. A heroine who goes down in history

12. Mrs. Xian, formerly known as Xian Ying (5 12-590), was born in Gaoliang (Gaozhou, Guangdong), and later married Feng Bao, the then gaoliang satrap. He is good at making friends with heroes. In 550 AD, he met Chen Baxian, the late founder of the Chen Dynasty. He took part in quelling the rebellion in Hou Jing and decided that he was a man who pacified troubled times. 55 1 year, Mrs. xian helped to capture and kill Li alive. In the Liang Dynasty, Mrs. Xian was posthumously named "Mrs. Hu Hou". In 557 AD, he proclaimed himself emperor and Chen proclaimed himself emperor. In the second year of Chen Yongding (AD 558), Feng Bao died and there was chaos in Lingnan. Fairy lady put down the chaos and was posthumously named the wife of Shilong princess. Since the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, several counties in Lingnan * * * have given priority to the title of Mrs. Xian Tai, honoring the "Virgin Mary". Hou Xian, the wife, led the people of Lingnan to join the army. The Sui Dynasty added the title of "Mrs. Guo Jing" and posthumously named it "Mrs. Jing".