The management level of maintenance work is directly related to the significance and life of road use, and also affects social and economic benefits. Therefore, how to improve the level of highway maintenance management is a long-term and arduous task for highway departments and enterprises. The following discusses the importance, particularity, function and characteristics of highway maintenance management.
I. Maintenance and management of highways
Highway maintenance is the maintenance of highway. Maintenance focuses on the whole process of maintenance from completion to opening to traffic, and maintenance focuses on repairing damaged parts. After the highway is completed and opened to traffic, due to the wear and impact of wheels, the erosion and weathering of natural forces such as rainstorm, flood, sandstorm, snow and ice, sun exposure and melting ice, as well as man-made damage and some defects left over from construction, the quality of highway use will gradually decline. Therefore, after the expressway is completed and opened to traffic, maintenance measures must be taken and constantly updated and improved. Highway maintenance must repair the damaged part in time, otherwise it will lead to an increase in the investment of the repair project, shorten the service life of the highway and cause losses to highway users. Highway maintenance must also pay attention to emergency service and emergency repair to keep the highway unblocked. In China and other developing countries, highway maintenance also needs to improve, update and add some sections, structures and facilities along the route with low original technical standards, so as to improve the traffic capacity and service level of highways.
Second, strengthen some problems in maintenance management
There are many problems in highway maintenance management, such as imperfect maintenance management policy, unsmooth maintenance management system, serious idea of "light reconstruction", lack of quota and specification, insufficient investment in maintenance funds, and disharmony between maintenance work area planning and highway development, which will become obstacles to highway operation management, improvement of highway maintenance level and innovation of maintenance management mechanism. Here are some reforms and innovative mechanisms we have carried out in highway maintenance.
(A), mechanism innovation
I have been engaged in highway management for many years and have a deep understanding of highway construction. At present, the system reform is divided into the following aspects: First, the Standing Association of the International Road Congress divides highway maintenance into four categories: daily maintenance, regular maintenance, special maintenance and improvement projects. According to the actual situation of highway maintenance management, establishing a reasonable maintenance management system can not only improve highway quality, but also realize the road of sustainable development. Second, at present, the layout of highway maintenance management stations and the allocation of road management personnel need to be scientific and reasonable, which is beneficial to complement each other's advantages and reduce operating costs, in line with highway development trends and industry characteristics. Established a centralized and unified highway maintenance management system. Third, most countries in the world allocate funds from highway funds for highway maintenance. Highway maintenance funds account for 30% ~ 50% of the total investment in highway construction. Road maintenance costs a lot. Therefore, we should consider the cost: first, choose the construction team and compete through bidding; Secondly, the management mechanism of the enterprise. It is necessary to implement the distribution system of labor and employment, establish the form of planning tasks and contract management of maintenance projects, so as to adapt to the characteristics of highway maintenance and make the projects gradually move towards informationization and marketization.
(2) Rationalization of staffing
The quality of maintenance work is directly related to the safety, rapidity, economy and comfort of drivers. At present, due to the low level of protection specialization, the strength of protection managers is weak and the overall quality is generally low. So we are facing a severe staffing test. It is necessary to establish a specialized, high-quality, high-level, professional and all-round development and maintenance team to adapt to highway maintenance management. Only a comprehensive professional and technical maintenance team with capable personnel, skilled operation, well-trained and strong sense of responsibility can fundamentally ensure the quality of every project and every working procedure, and then complete all kinds of road accident repair work. To improve the quality of personnel, it is also necessary to strengthen safety education and training, give workers sufficient rest and vacation time regularly, improve the mental state and healthy physical quality of maintenance personnel, and establish the idea of "safe work". Finally, it is necessary to adjust the maintenance operation. First of all, road maintenance workers must wear safety sign clothing; Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen management, such as whether the construction vehicles are safe and the road conditions are good, so as to avoid safety accidents. In particular, maintenance is a high-risk industry, and it is necessary to safeguard the life safety of every maintenance worker.
(3), equipment update
At present, the road maintenance equipment is obsolete, the matching rate of road maintenance machinery is low, the equipment size can not keep up, and the technical content is low. Therefore, it is necessary to increase investment, increase protection funds, support and guide highway maintenance units and enterprises to update maintenance equipment, increase investment and accelerate the process of mechanization through subsidies and bidding. It is required to reasonably save the budget under the limited financial resources, so as to make scientific decision-making play the maximum benefit. Then, gradually update and eliminate those traditional processes and backward equipment with high pollution and low technology content, and improve their operation ability, business performance and automation. Ensure the efficiency of maintenance work with pollution-free and high-speed mechanical equipment. Finally, learning and introducing foreign advanced processing equipment and technology, improving the manufacturing technology and technology of maintenance machinery, improving the reliability of product quality, and using high-power machinery and equipment are necessary guarantees for maintenance work.
(4), technical requirements
Early highways were mostly dirt roads or low-grade pavements, bridges and culverts were mainly wood and stone, and the traffic volume was very small, so the maintenance technology was relatively simple and the requirements were not high. With the growth of traffic volume and the appearance of advanced pavements and expressways, the maintenance technical requirements are also constantly improving. To this end, all countries have formulated highway maintenance laws and regulations, such as the Soviet Union has formulated technical specifications for highway maintenance, Japan has formulated an outline for highway maintenance, and the United States has a highway maintenance manual. The requirements of these technical regulations can be summarized as follows:
1. Carry out the policy of putting prevention first, strive to eliminate the factors that cause highway damage, enhance the durability of facilities and improve the ability to resist natural disasters.
2. Pay attention to daily inspection, regular inspection and special inspection, accumulate technical data, strengthen scientific analysis, and take correct and effective technical measures according to the causes of diseases.
3, adjust measures to local conditions, fully tap the potential of the original engineering facilities, in order to achieve the purpose of application and economy.
4, try to adopt advanced scientific and technological achievements at home and abroad, implement scientific management methods, strengthen information systems, and deal with problems on highways in time.
5. Innovate road maintenance machinery and equipment, reform operation methods and labor organization accordingly, improve efficiency and ensure project quality.
(5), quality evaluation
Usually, the quality of highway maintenance is evaluated by regularly checking the changes of road conditions. Some industrialized countries mainly check pavement performance, including technical indexes such as damage rate, unevenness, anti-skid ability and overall strength, so as to determine scientific maintenance countermeasures. Since the 1960s, China has carried out monthly inspection and evaluation on the pavement, subgrade, bridge and culvert, marking and greening of every kilometer of highway, and made a comprehensive score according to the percentage system. The general maintenance quality requirements are: smooth road surface, moderate road arch and smooth driving; The shoulder is clean and tidy, the slope is stable, and the drainage ditch is unblocked; Bridges and culverts are intact and clean; The label is perfect and bright; Roadside greening and Yilin sections are complete with trees.
Make a detailed record of the parts and quantity that do not meet the above requirements, and deduct points according to the unified regulations. The maximum score for each item is 50 points for pavement, 20 points for subgrade and the other three items 10. According to the score per kilometer, the road conditions are divided into four grades: excellent, good, bad and poor, and the percentage of excellent and good roads in the sections managed by each highway maintenance unit (good road rate) is used as the main index to assess the quality of maintenance work of the unit. According to the rise and fall of good road rate and the increase and decrease of poor road, the performance is evaluated, and the road condition changes are mastered accordingly, so as to accumulate data so as to make the next maintenance work plan.
With the construction of national expressway network, the extension of expressway and the increase of total mileage, the demand for expressway maintenance is increasing day by day. Therefore, domestic excellent highway maintenance and operation enterprises pay more and more attention to the research of industry market. The development prospect of highway maintenance industry is broad. It is an arduous task for highway management departments and enterprises to do a good job in highway maintenance management and improve the efficiency and service level of highways.
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